Zovuta za Medieval

Mbiri yakale.

Nyimbo, monga sayansi ina iliyonse, sizimayima, zimakula. Nyimbo za nthawi yathu ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi nyimbo zakale, osati "khutu" lokha, komanso motsatira njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kodi tili ndi chiyani panopa? Sikelo yayikulu, yaying'ono… kodi pali china chilichonse chomwe chafalikiranso? Ayi? Kuchuluka kwa nyimbo zamalonda, zosavuta kumva, kumabweretsa sikelo yaying'ono patsogolo. Chifukwa chiyani? Mtundu uwu umachokera ku khutu la Russia, ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito. Nanga bwanji nyimbo zaku Western? Mawonekedwe akuluakulu amapambana pamenepo - ali pafupi nawo. Chabwino, zikhale choncho. Nanga bwanji nyimbo zakum’maŵa? Tidatenga zazing'ono, "tinapereka" zazikuluzikulu kwa anthu akumadzulo, koma ndi chiyani chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kummawa? Iwo ali ndi nyimbo zokongola kwambiri, zosasokonezedwa ndi chirichonse. Tiyeni tiyese njira zotsatirazi: tengani sikelo yayikulu ndikutsitsa gawo lachiwiri ndi theka la sitepe. Iwo. pakati pa masitepe a I ndi II timapeza theka la kamvekedwe, ndipo pakati pa masitepe a II ndi III - matani amodzi ndi theka. Nachi chitsanzo, onetsetsani kuti mukumumvera:

Chithunzi 1. Gawo II lochepetsedwa

Pamwamba pa zolemba za C mumiyeso yonse iwiri, mzere wa wavy ndi vibrato (kumaliza zotsatira). Kodi munamvako nyimbo zakum'mawa? Ndipo sitepe yachiwiri yokha ndiyotsika .

Zovuta za Medieval

alinso mitundu ya tchalitchi, alinso machitidwe a Gregorian, amayimira kusinthana kwa masitepe a C-major sikelo. Chilichonse chimakhala ndi masitepe asanu ndi atatu. Nthawi yapakati pa masitepe oyamba ndi omaliza ndi octave. Aliyense mode tichipeza masitepe waukulu, mwachitsanzo palibe zizindikiro ngozi. Ma modes ali ndi mndandanda wosiyana wa masekondi chifukwa chakuti njira iliyonse imayamba ndi madigiri osiyanasiyana a C yaikulu. Mwachitsanzo: mawonekedwe a Ionian amayamba ndi cholembera "ku" ndikuyimira C chachikulu; mawonekedwe a Aeolian amayamba ndi cholemba "A" ndipo ndi A wamng'ono.

Poyambirira (zaka za m'ma IV) panali zotsutsana zinayi: kuchokera pa "re" mpaka "re", kuchokera "mi" kupita "mi", kuchokera "fa" kupita "fa" ndi "sol" kupita "sol". Mitundu iyi idatchedwa yoyamba, yachiwiri, yachitatu ndi yachinayi. Mlembi wa frets izi: Ambrose wa Milan. Mitundu iyi imatchedwa "zowona", zomwe zimatanthawuza "mizu" modes.

Chingwe chilichonse chinali ndi ma tetrachords awiri. Tetrachord yoyamba inayamba ndi tonic, yachiwiri ya tetrachord inayamba ndi yaikulu. Aliyense wa frets anali ndi cholemba chapadera "chomaliza" (ichi ndi "Finalis", pafupi ndi chochepa chochepa), chomwe chinathetsa nyimboyo.

M’zaka za m’ma 6, Papa Gregory Wamkulu anawonjezera zina 4. Zokhumudwitsa zake zinali pansi pa zowona ndi chachinayi changwiro ndipo zimatchedwa "plagal", kutanthauza "kuchokera" frets. Mitundu ya plagal idapangidwa posamutsa tetrachord yapamwamba pansi pa octave. Mapeto a plagal mode adakhalabe omaliza amayendedwe ake enieni. Dzina la plagal mode limapangidwa kuchokera ku dzina la njira yodalirika ndikuwonjezera "Hypo" kumayambiriro kwa mawu.

Mwa njira, anali Papa Gregory Wamkulu yemwe adayambitsa kalata yolemba zolemba.

Taganizirani mfundo zotsatirazi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika za mpingo:

• Zomaliza. Liwu lalikulu la mode, kamvekedwe komaliza. Osasokoneza ndi tonic, ngakhale ali ofanana. The finalis sipakatikati pa mphamvu yokoka ya zolemba zotsalira za mode, koma pamene nyimboyo ithera pa iyo, imazindikiridwa mofanana ndi tonic. Chomaliza chimatchedwa bwino "mawu omaliza".
• Repercus. Ichi ndi chithandizo chachiwiri chodandaula chanyimbo (pambuyo pa Finalis). Phokoso ili, mawonekedwe amtunduwu, ndi kamvekedwe kakubwereza. Kumasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chilatini ngati "phokoso lowonekera".
• Ambitus. Iyi ndi nthawi yochokera ku phokoso lotsika kwambiri la modelo mpaka phokoso lapamwamba kwambiri. Imawonetsa "volume" ya kukhumudwa.

Table of church frets

Izo ndi

Mchitidwe uliwonse wa mpingo unali ndi khalidwe lake. Iwo ankatchedwa "ethos". Mwachitsanzo, njira ya Dorian inali yodziwika bwino, yolemekezeka, yozama. Chikhalidwe chodziwika bwino cha machitidwe a tchalitchi: kukangana, mphamvu yokoka yamphamvu imapewa; Ulemerero, kudekha ndi chilengedwe. Nyimbo za mpingo zisakhale zadziko lililonse, zikhazikitse bata ndi kukweza miyoyo. Panali ngakhale otsutsa a Dorian, Frygian ndi Lydia modes, monga achikunja. Iwo ankatsutsa makhalidwe achikondi (kulira) ndi “kungokhalira kulira,” omwe amakhala ndi makhalidwe oipa, zomwe zimawononga kwambiri moyo.

Chikhalidwe cha frets

Chosangalatsa: panali mafotokozedwe okongola amitundu! Iyi ndi mfundo yosangalatsa kwambiri. Tiyeni titembenuzire mafotokozedwe a buku la Livanova T. "Mbiri ya Western European Music mpaka 1789 (Middle Ages)", mutu wakuti "Musical Culture of the Early Middle Ages". Zolemba zaperekedwa patebulo zamitundu ya Middle Ages (8 frets):

Zovuta za Middle Ages pamtengo

Tikuwonetsa komwe zolembazo zili pamtengo pazovuta zilizonse. Zotsatira: , mawu omaliza: .

Medieval frets pamtengo wamakono

Dongosolo lamitundu yakale likhoza kuwonetsedwa mwanjira ina pamtengo wamakono. Zotsatirazi zidanenedwa pamwambapa: "Njira zapakati" zimakhala ndi kutsatizana kosiyana kwa masekondi chifukwa mtundu uliwonse umayamba ndi madigiri osiyanasiyana a C wamkulu. Mwachitsanzo: mawonekedwe a Ionian amayamba ndi cholembera "ku" ndikuyimira C chachikulu; mawonekedwe a Aeolian amayamba ndi cholemba "A" ndipo ndi A-wamng'ono. Izi ndi zomwe tidzagwiritse ntchito.

Ganizirani za C wamkulu. Timatenga notsi 8 kuchokera pa sikeloyi mkati mwa octave imodzi, nthawi iliyonse kuyambira sitepe yotsatira. Choyamba kuchokera mu gawo I, kenako kuchokera ku gawo II, ndi zina zotero.

Results

Munalowa m'mbiri ya nyimbo. Ndizothandiza komanso zosangalatsa! Chiphunzitso cha nyimbo, monga momwe mwawonera, chinali chosiyana ndi chamakono. M'nkhaniyi, ndithudi, si mbali zonse za nyimbo za Medieval zomwe zimaganiziridwa (chikomo, mwachitsanzo), koma malingaliro ena ayenera kupangidwa.

Mwina tidzabwereranso ku mutu wa nyimbo za Medieval, koma mkati mwa zolemba zina. Nkhaniyi, tikukhulupirira kuti yadzaza ndi zambiri, ndipo tikutsutsana ndi zolemba zazikulu.