Melismas mu nyimbo: mitundu yayikulu yazokongoletsa

Melismas mu nyimbo zomwe zimatchedwa zokongoletsera. Zizindikiro za Melisma zimatanthawuza zizindikiro za mawu achidule a nyimbo, ndipo cholinga chogwiritsa ntchito zokongoletsera zomwezi ndikukongoletsa mtundu waukulu wa nyimbo yomwe ikuimbidwa.

Melismas poyamba adachokera mu kuimba. Mu chikhalidwe cha ku Ulaya kunalipo kale, ndipo m'zikhalidwe zina za Kum'mawa kudakalipo, kalembedwe kameneka kakuimba - kuimba ndi nyimbo zambiri za syllables za malemba.

Melismas adatenga gawo lalikulu mu nyimbo zama opera zakale, m'derali adaphatikiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zokometsera zamawu: mwachitsanzo, roulades ndi coloraturas, zomwe oimba adaziyika mosangalala kwambiri mu virtuoso arias yawo. Kuyambira nthawi yomweyi, kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 17, zokongoletsa zinayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu nyimbo za zida.

Ndi mitundu yanji ya melismas yomwe ilipo?

Ziwerengero zoyimba izi nthawi zambiri zimachitidwa chifukwa cha nthawi yomveka ya zolemba zakale, kapena kuwononga zolemba zomwe zimakongoletsedwa ndi melisma. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nthawi yakusintha koteroko nthawi zambiri sikumaganiziridwa mu nthawi ya takt.

Mitundu yayikulu ya melismas ndi: katatu; gruppetto; cholembera chachisomo chachitali ndi chachifupi; mordent.

Mtundu uliwonse wa melisma mu nyimbo uli ndi malamulo ake omwe adakhazikitsidwa komanso omwe amadziwika kale kuti azichita, komanso chizindikiro chake mu dongosolo la zolemba za nyimbo.

Kodi trill ndi chiyani?

Trill ndi kusinthasintha kofulumira, kobwerezabwereza kwa mawu awiri a nthawi yochepa. Liwu limodzi la trill, nthawi zambiri lapansi, limatchulidwa ngati liwu lalikulu, ndipo lachiwiri ngati liwu lothandizira. Chizindikiro chosonyeza trill, kawirikawiri ndi kupitiriza pang'ono mu mawonekedwe a wavy mzere, imayikidwa pamwamba pa phokoso lalikulu.

Kutalika kwa trill nthawi zonse kumakhala kofanana ndi nthawi ya cholembera chosankhidwa ndi phokoso lalikulu la melisma. Ngati trill ikufunika kuyamba ndi phokoso lothandizira, ndiye kuti imasonyezedwa ndi cholembera chaching'ono chomwe chikubwera patsogolo pa chachikulu.

Zoyipa za satana…

Ponena za ma trill, pali kufananitsa kwandakatulo kokongola pakati pawo ndi kuyimba kwa ma stits, omwe, komabe, amathanso kunenedwa ndi ma melismas ena. koma pokhapokha ngati zithunzi zoyenerera zimawonedwa - mwachitsanzo, muzoimba zokamba za chilengedwe. Palinso trills zina - mdierekezi, zoipa, mwachitsanzo.

Momwe mungapangire gruppetto?

Kukongoletsa kwa "gruppetto" kumakhala mukuchita mwachangu kwa zolemba zingapo, zomwe zimayimira kuyimba kwa liwu lalikulu ndi cholembera chapamwamba komanso chotsika chothandizira. Mtunda wapakati pa mawu akulu ndi othandizira nthawi zambiri umakhala wofanana ndi mphindi yachiwiri (ndiko kuti, awa ndi mawu oyandikana kapena makiyi oyandikana nawo).

Gruppetto nthawi zambiri imawonetsedwa ndi kupindika kofanana ndi chizindikiro cha masamu. Pali mitundu iwiri ya ma curls awa: kuyambira pamwamba mpaka pansi. Choyamba, woimbayo ayenera kuyamba kuyimba kuchokera ku mawu owonjezera, ndipo kachiwiri (pamene kupindika kumayambira pansi) - kuchokera pansi.

Kuonjezera apo, nthawi ya phokoso la melisma imadaliranso malo a chizindikiro chomwe chimasonyeza. Ngati ili pamwamba pa cholembera, ndiye kuti melisma iyenera kuchitidwa nthawi yonseyi, koma ngati ili pakati pa zolemba, ndiye kuti nthawi yake ndi yofanana ndi theka lachiwiri la phokoso lachidziwitso.

Chisomo chachifupi komanso chachitali

Melisma iyi ndi imodzi kapena zingapo zomwe zimabwera nthawi yomweyo phokoso lisanakongoletsedwe. Cholemba chachisomo chikhoza kukhala "chachidule" ndi "chalitali" (nthawi zambiri chimatchedwanso "chachitali").

Cholemba chaching'ono chachisomo nthawi zina (ndipo nthawi zambiri kuposa izi) chimakhala ndi phokoso limodzi, lomwe pamenepa limasonyezedwa ndi cholembera chaching'ono chachisanu ndi chitatu chokhala ndi tsinde lodutsa. Ngati pali zolemba zingapo muzolemba zazifupi zachisomo, zimasankhidwa ngati zolemba zazing'ono khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi ndipo palibe chomwe chadutsidwa.

Cholemba chachisomo chachitali kapena chachitali chimapangidwa nthawi zonse mothandizidwa ndi phokoso limodzi ndipo chimaphatikizidwa mu nthawi ya phokoso lalikulu (monga ngati kugawana nthawi imodzi ndi ziwiri). Kawirikawiri amasonyezedwa ndi cholemba chaching'ono cha theka la nthawi ya cholemba chachikulu ndi tsinde losadutsa.

Modent anawoloka ndikuwoloka

Modent amapangidwa kuchokera ku kuphwanya kosangalatsa kwa noti, chifukwa chake cholembacho chikuwoneka ngati chikung'ambika kukhala mawu atatu. Ndiawiri akulu ndi othandizira amodzi (amene amalowera mkati ndipo, kwenikweni, amaphwanya) mawu.

Phokoso lothandizira ndi liwu lapamwamba kapena lapansi loyandikana, lomwe limayikidwa molingana ndi sikelo; nthawi zina, chifukwa chakuthwa kwakukulu, mtunda pakati pa phokoso lalikulu ndi lothandizira limakanizidwa ku semitone mothandizidwa ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera ndi zowonongeka.

Ndi phokoso liti lothandizira - lapamwamba kapena lapansi - limatha kumveka ndi momwe chizindikiro cha modent chikuwonetsedwera. Ngati sichinadulidwe, ndiye kuti phokoso lothandizira liyenera kukhala lachiwiri, ndipo ngati, m'malo mwake, likuwoloka, ndiye kutsika.

Melismas mu nyimbo ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yoperekera kupepuka kwanyimbo, mawonekedwe achilendo, komanso mtundu wanyimbo zamakedzana, osagwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwa kamvekedwe ka nyimbo (makamaka nyimbo).