Mtengo wa Leontyne |

Mtengo wa Leontyne

Atafunsidwa ngati mtundu wa khungu ungasokoneze ntchito ya woimba opera, Leontina Price anayankha motere: “Ponena za osirira, sizimawasokoneza. Koma kwa ine, monga woyimba, mwamtheradi. Pa rekodi ya galamafoni "yachonde", nditha kujambula chilichonse. Koma, kunena zoona, maonekedwe aliwonse pa siteji ya opera amandibweretsera chisangalalo ndi nkhawa zokhudzana ndi zodzoladzola, kuchita ndi zina zotero. Monga Desdemona kapena Elizabeth, ndimamva chisoni kwambiri pa siteji kuposa Aida. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nyimbo yanga ya "live" siili yayikulu momwe ndingafunire. Mosakayikira, ntchito ya woyimba wa opera wa khungu lakuda ndi yovuta, ngakhale kuti tsoka silinamulepheretse mawu ake.

Mary Violet Leontina Price anabadwa pa February 10, 1927 kum'mwera kwa United States, m'tawuni ya Laurel (Mississippi), m'banja la Negro la wogwira ntchito m'macheka.

Ngakhale ndalama zochepa, makolo anayesa kupereka mwana wawo maphunziro, ndipo iye, mosiyana ndi anzake ambiri, anamaliza maphunziro a koleji Wilferforce ndi kutenga maphunziro angapo nyimbo. Kupitilira apo, njira ikadatsekedwa kwa iye ngati sikunali ngozi yoyamba yosangalatsa: banja limodzi lolemera linamusankha kuti apite kukaphunzira kusukulu yotchuka ya Juilliard.

Nthaŵi ina, pa imodzi mwa makonsati a ophunzirawo, mkulu wa sukulu ya mawu, atamva Leontina akuimba nyimbo ya Dido, sanathe kudziletsa: "Mtsikana uyu adzadziwika ndi dziko lonse la nyimbo muzaka zingapo!"

Pa sewero lina la ophunzira, mtsikana wina wachinegro anamveka ndi wotsutsa wotchuka komanso wolemba nyimbo Virgil Thomson. Anali woyamba kumva kuti ali ndi luso lodabwitsa ndipo adamuyitana kuti ayambe kuwonekera koyamba kugulu la sewero lake lamasewera la The Four Saints. Kwa masabata angapo adawonekera pa siteji ndikukopa chidwi cha otsutsa. Panthawi imeneyo, gulu laling'ono la Negro "Evrimen-Opera" linali kufunafuna woyimba udindo waukulu wa amayi mu opera ya Gershwin "Porgy ndi Bess". Kusankha kunagwera pa Price.

“Milungu iŵiri ndendende mu April 1952, ndinkaimba tsiku lililonse pa Broadway,” wojambulayo akukumbukira motero, “zimenezi zinandithandiza kudziŵana ndi Ira Gershwin, mchimwene wake wa George Gershwin ndi mlembi wa malemba ambiri a ntchito zake. Posakhalitsa ndinaphunzira Bess aria kuchokera ku Porgy ndi Bess, ndipo pamene ndinayiimba kwa nthawi yoyamba, ndinaitanidwa mwamsanga ku gawo lalikulu la opera iyi.

Zaka zitatu zotsatira, woimba wamng'ono, pamodzi ndi gulu, anapita ku mizinda yambiri ya United States, ndiyeno mayiko ena - Germany, England, France. Kulikonse adakopa omvera ndi kuwona mtima kwa kutanthauzira, luso lapamwamba la mawu. Otsutsa nthawi zonse amawona momwe Leonty adachita bwino pagawo la Bess.

Mu Okutobala 1953, muholo ya Library of Congress ku Washington, woyimba wachinyamatayo adayimba koyamba nyimbo ya "Nyimbo za Hermit" ndi Samuel Barber. Kuzungulirako kunalembedwa mwapadera kutengera luso la mawu a Price. Mu November 1954, Price anaimba koyamba monga woyimba konsati ku Town Hall ku New York. Munthawi yomweyo, amaimba ndi Boston Symphony Orchestra. Izi zinatsatiridwa ndi zisudzo ndi gulu la oimba la Philadelphia Orchestra ndi magulu ena oimba aku America otsogola ku Los Angeles, Cincinnati, Washington.

Ngakhale kuti adachita bwino kwambiri, Price ankangoganizira za siteji ya Metropolitan Opera kapena Chicago Lyric Opera - kupeza oimba a Negro kunali kotsekedwa. Panthawi ina, ndi kuvomereza kwake, Leontina anaganiza zopita ku jazi. Koma, atamva ku Bulgaria woimba Lyuba Velich mu udindo wa Salome, ndiyeno mu maudindo ena, potsiriza anaganiza kudzipereka kwa opera. Ubwenzi ndi wojambula wotchuka kuyambira pamenepo wakhala chithandizo chachikulu cha makhalidwe abwino kwa iye.

Mwamwayi, tsiku lina labwino, chiitano choyimba nyimbo ya Tosca mu kanema wawayilesi chinatsatira. Pambuyo pa ntchito imeneyi, zinaonekeratu kuti anabadwa nyenyezi yeniyeni ya siteji ya opera. Tosca adatsatiridwa ndi The Magic Flute, Don Giovanni, nayenso pawailesi yakanema, kenako kuwonekera kwatsopano pa siteji ya opera ku San Francisco, komwe Price adachita nawo sewero la opera ya F. Poulenc Dialogues of the Carmelites. Choncho, mu 1957, ntchito yake yanzeru inayamba.

Woimba wotchuka Rosa Ponselle anakumbukira msonkhano wake woyamba ndi Leontina Price:

"Ataimba imodzi mwa nyimbo zomwe ndimakonda kwambiri "Pace, pace, mio ​​Dio" kuchokera ku "The Force of Destiny", ndinazindikira kuti ndikumvetsera limodzi mwa mawu odabwitsa kwambiri a nthawi yathu. Koma luso lomveka bwino la mawu sizinthu zonse zaluso. Nthawi zambiri ndimakumana ndi oimba achichepere aluso omwe pambuyo pake amalephera kuzindikira luso lawo lachilengedwe.

Chifukwa chake, ndi chidwi komanso - sindidzabisala - ndi nkhawa yamkati, ndidayesa muzokambirana zathu zazitali kuti ndizindikire mikhalidwe yake, munthu. Ndiyeno ndinazindikira kuti kuwonjezera pa mawu odabwitsa ndi nyimbo, alinso ndi makhalidwe ena ambiri omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa wojambula - kudzidzudzula, kudzichepetsa, luso lodzipereka kwambiri chifukwa cha luso. Ndipo ndinazindikira kuti msungwanayu akuyenera kuti adziwe luso lapamwamba, kukhala wojambula kwambiri.

Mu 1958, Price adachita nawo ziwonetsero zopambana ngati Aida m'malo atatu akulu akulu aku Europe a zisudzo - Vienna Opera, London's Covent Garden Theatre ndi Chikondwerero cha Verona Arena. Momwemonso, woyimba waku America adakwera pa siteji ya La Scala kwa nthawi yoyamba mu 1960. Otsutsa adagwirizana kuti: Price mosakayikira ndi m'modzi mwa ochita bwino kwambiri paudindowu m'zaka za zana la XNUMX: "Woyimba watsopano wa gawo la Aida, Leontina Price, akuphatikiza mu kutanthauzira kwake kutentha ndi chilakolako cha Renata Tebaldi ndi nyimbo ndi zomveka bwino zomwe zimasiyanitsa kutanthauzira kwa Leonia Rizanek. Price adakwanitsa kupanga kuphatikizika kwa miyambo yabwino kwambiri yamakono yowerengera ntchitoyi, ndikuikulitsa ndi luso lake laukadaulo komanso malingaliro opanga.

"Aida ndiye chifaniziro cha mtundu wanga, kufotokozera mtundu wonse, kontinenti yonse," akutero Price. - Iye ali pafupi kwambiri ndi ine ndi kukonzekera kwake kudzimana, chisomo, psyche ya heroine. Pali zithunzi zochepa m'mabuku oimba momwe ife, oimba akuda, tingathe kudziwonetsera tokha ndi kudzaza koteroko. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndimakonda Gershwin kwambiri, chifukwa anatipatsa Porgy ndi Bess.

Woyimba wakhama, wokonda kwambiri adakopa nawonso omvera aku Europe, adadzaza nyimbo zake zamphamvu za soprano, zolimba mofanana m'mabuku onse, komanso kuthekera kwake kufika pachimake chosangalatsa, kuchita bwino komanso kukoma kobadwa nako.

Kuyambira 1961, Leontina Price wakhala soloist ndi Metropolitan Opera. Pa Januware XNUMX, apanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu la zisudzo za New York mu opera Il trovatore. Osindikiza nyimbo sanadumphe matamando: "Mawu aumulungu", "Kukongola kwanyimbo kokwanira", "ndakatulo yamtundu wa nyimbo za Verdi".

Zinali ndiye, chakumapeto kwa 60s, kuti nsana wa repertoire woimba anapangidwa, kuphatikizapo, kuwonjezera Tosca ndi Aida, komanso mbali za Leonora ku Il trovatore, Liu ku Turandot, Carmen. Kenako, pamene Price anali kale pachimake cha kutchuka, mndandanda nthawi zonse kusinthidwa ndi maphwando atsopano, arias latsopano ndi zachikondi, wowerengeka nyimbo.

Ntchito yowonjezereka ya wojambulayo ndi mndandanda wa kupambana kosalekeza pazigawo zosiyanasiyana za dziko. Mu 1964, adasewera ku Moscow monga gawo la gulu la La Scala, adayimba mu Verdi's Requiem yoyendetsedwa ndi Karajan, ndipo a Muscovites adayamikira luso lake. Kugwirizana ndi katswiri wa ku Austrian maestro kwakhala imodzi mwamasamba ofunikira kwambiri pazambiri zake zopanga. Kwa zaka zambiri mayina awo anali osasiyanitsidwa pazikwangwani zamakonsati ndi zisudzo, pamarekodi. Ubwenzi uwu wa kulenga unabadwa ku New York pa nthawi ya maphunziro, ndipo kuyambira nthawi imeneyo wakhala ukutchedwa "Karajan's soprano". Motsogozedwa ndi Karayan, woimba wa Negro adatha kuwulula zinthu zabwino kwambiri za talente yake ndikukulitsa luso lake lopanga. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, ndipo kwanthawizonse, dzina lake lalowa m'gulu la anthu odziwika bwino padziko lonse lapansi.

Ngakhale mgwirizano ndi Metropolitan Opera, woimbayo nthawi zambiri ankakhala ku Ulaya. Iye anauza atolankhani kuti: “Kwa ife, zimenezi n’zachilendo, ndipo zikufotokozedwa ndi kusowa kwa ntchito ku United States: nyumba za zisudzo n’zochepa, koma oimba ndi ambiri.”

“Mawu ambiri a oimbawo amaonedwa ndi otsutsa kukhala chothandiza kwambiri pa kuimba kwamakono,” anatero wotsutsa nyimbo VV Timokhin. - Adalemba imodzi mwamaphwando ake - Leonora ku Verdi's Il trovatore - katatu. Iliyonse mwa zojambulirazi ili ndi zakezake, koma chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi kujambula komwe kunapangidwa mu 1970 pamodzi ndi Placido Domingo, Fiorenza Cossotto, Sherrill Milnes. Mtengo umamva bwino kwambiri za mtundu wa nyimbo za Verdi, kuwuluka kwake, kuloweza komanso kukongola kwake. Mawu a woimbayo ali odzaza ndi pulasitiki yodabwitsa, kusinthasintha, kunjenjemera kwauzimu. Ndi ndakatulo yake ya Leonora kuchokera pachiwonetsero choyamba, momwe Price imabweretsa nthawi yomweyo kumverera kwa nkhawa yosamveka, chisangalalo chamalingaliro. Kwakukulukulu, izi zimathandizidwa ndi mtundu wa "mdima" wa mawu a woimbayo, womwe unali wothandiza kwambiri kwa iye mu udindo wa Carmen, komanso mu maudindo a repertoire ya ku Italy, kuwapatsa khalidwe lamkati la sewero. Leonora's aria ndi "Miserere" kuchokera mu sewero lachinayi la opera ndi zina mwazopambana za Leontina Price mu opera ya ku Italy. Pano simukudziwa zomwe mungasiire kwambiri - ufulu wodabwitsa ndi kumveka bwino kwa mawu, pamene mawu amasandulika kukhala chida changwiro, chopanda malire kwa wojambula, kapena wodzipereka, woyaka mwaluso, pamene fano, khalidwe limamveka. mawu aliwonse oyimba. Mtengo umayimba modabwitsa muzithunzi zonse zomwe opera Il trovatore ndi yolemera kwambiri. Iye ndiye mzimu wa ma ensembles awa, maziko olimba. Mawu a Price akuwoneka kuti atengera ndakatulo zonse, kukopa chidwi, kukongola kwanyimbo komanso kuwona mtima kwa nyimbo za Verdi.

Mu 1974, pa kutsegulira kwa nyengo ku San Francisco Opera House, Price captivates omvera ndi njira veristic wa ntchito Manon Lescaut mu opera Puccini dzina lomweli: iye anaimba gawo la Manon kwa nthawi yoyamba.

Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 70, woimbayo adachepetsa kwambiri chiwerengero cha zisudzo zake. Pa nthawi yomweyi, m'zaka izi adatembenukira ku zigawo zomwe, monga zikuwonekera poyamba, sizinagwirizane ndi talente ya wojambulayo. Zokwanira kutchula ntchito mu 1979 ku Metropolitan ya udindo wa Ariadne mu opera ya R. Strauss Ariadne auf Naxos. Pambuyo pake, otsutsa ambiri amaika wojambulayo mofanana ndi oimba otchuka a Straussian omwe adawoneka bwino mu ntchitoyi.

Kuyambira 1985, Price akupitiriza kuchita ngati woimba m'chipinda. Izi ndi zomwe VV analemba kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 80. Timokhin: “Maprogramu amakono a Price, woimba m’chipinda chodyeramo, amachitira umboni chenicheni chakuti sanasinthe chifundo chake chakale cha mawu a mawu achijeremani ndi Achifalansa. Inde, amaimba mosiyana kwambiri ndi zaka zaunyamata wake waluso. Choyamba, timbre "sipekitiramu" ya mawu ake yasintha - yakhala "yakuda" kwambiri, yolemera. Koma, monga kale, kusalala, kukongola kwa uinjiniya wamawu, kumverera kobisika kwa wojambula wa "fluidity" yosinthika ya mzere wamawu ndi chidwi kwambiri ... "