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French menestrel, wochokera ku Late Lat. ministerials - mu utumiki; Chingerezi - minstrel

Poyamba mu Middle Ages. France, England ndi mayiko ena, anthu amene anatumikira ndi feudal mbuye kapena mbuye wolemekezeka ndipo anachita chilichonse chapadera pansi pake. ntchito (ministerium). M. - woyendayenda Prof. woyimba zida ndi woyimba mu ntchito ya troubadour. Ntchito zake zinkaphatikizapo kuyimba nyimbo za womuteteza kapena kutsagana ndi kuimba kwa troubadour pa choimbira cha zingwe choweramira viele. M. anali onyamula Nar. music art-va, idakhudza ntchito ya troubadours, idawapatsa kupanga. makhalidwe a anthu nyimbo. Dzina "M". nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa kwa apaulendo ndi oyendayenda. Kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 13 mawu akuti "M". pang'onopang'ono amafanana ndi mawu akuti "troubadour", ndiyeno - "juggler". M’zaka za zana la 13 masukulu a M. analipo kale, akugwira ntchito mkati mwa kusala kudya kokhazikitsidwa ndi tchalitchi, pamene maseŵera a M. analetsedwa. Pofuna kuteteza ufulu wawo, akatswiri aluso a m’tauni anagwirizana “muubale,” mofanana ndi mabungwe amisiri aluso. Mu 1321 "ubale" woterewu, wotchedwa. menestrandia, adadziwika ku Paris. Kuti akhale membala wa "ubale", kunali koyenera kuti apereke mayeso apadera (akazi adalandiridwanso). Mu 1381, bungwe la Minstrels linapangidwa ku Staffordshire, England, pansi pa dzina la Minstrel Court, lotsogozedwa ndi “Mfumu” ya M. Kuyambira m’zaka za zana la 14. M. ankatchedwa onse "ongokhala" komanso oimba oyendayenda omwe ankaimba kumidzi, pamawonetsero. Kuchokera ku con. 14 ndi c. M. - Prof. oimba omwe amalemba nyimbo zovina ndikutsagana nawo poyimba zida. Mu 1407 M. adalandira chilolezo kuchokera kwa Mfumu Charles VI, chomwe chinalimbitsa udindo wawo mpaka kumapeto. Zaka za zana la 18 Mawu akuti "M." inatsitsimutsidwanso m’zaka za zana la 19. ndakatulo zachikondi. sukulu. V. Scott adafalitsa coll. nar. ballad "Minstrelsy of the Scottish border", 1802-03), analemba ndakatulo "The Song of the last minstrel" ("Lay of the last minstrel", 1805).

Ndi Yampolsky