Konsati yanyimbo |

Konsati yanyimbo - nyimbo zapagulu, zolipidwa molingana ndi pulogalamu yomwe idalengezedwa kale, ndi oimba m'modzi kapena angapo mchipinda chokhala ndi zida zapadera. Kuvomerezedwa m'zaka za zana la 18. KWA. monga mitundu ya anthu. kuimba nyimbo kunali chifukwa cha kukula kwa mapiri. luso la bourgeois-demokalase. chikhalidwe. Kuchulukitsa chidwi cha anthu ku instr. nyimbo, zomwe mpaka nthawi imeneyo zidasiya kuchotsedwa. kukonda kwa opera, kudapangitsa kuti pakhale omvera atsopano, omwe adathandizidwa ndi malo ochitira zisudzo. zisudzo za zaka zimenezo - mu intermissions wa opera, ndipo nthawi zina masewero. machitidwe anali instr. virtuosos (zosewerera zotere zidakhalapo mpaka 80s. 19th century), komanso pakati pa mipingo payokha. misonkhano, maulaliki (nthawi zambiri ku Zap. Europe). Kulimbana ndi nyimbo zadziko. chikhalidwe, matchalitchi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira zaka za zana la 17. pamodzi ndi limba ndi kwaya skr. nyimbo, kupanga mawonekedwe a conc. pamwambo wachipembedzo. kolowera. Violin ngati chida chokha komanso skr. gululo linali ndi malo ofunika kwambiri m’mapangidwe a Chikatolika. misa, chifukwa chake mu Italy. zida nyimbo zinapangidwa mwapadera. mtundu wa ayezi ndi mawonekedwe, kupereka chiyambi cha zinthu (tchalitchi. sonata, concerto grosso). M'zaka zonse za 17th komanso pafupifupi zaka zonse za 18. kwa adjectives moyo, salons aristocratic, ofala panthawiyo masukulu, koleji musicum anali Ch. ayi. kawirikawiri otchedwa nyimbo zotsekedwa. KWA. linapangidwa kuti likhale lochepa. gulu la anthu oitanidwa mwapadera. VC. oimba omwe anali muutumiki wa m'modzi kapena wina wolemekezeka wothandizira zaluso, omwe nthawi zambiri anali ndi zida zawozawo, nthawi zambiri amatenga nawo mbali. ndi kwaya. ma chapel (operekedwa kwa omvera kwaulere). Kusankhidwa kwa omvera komanso kukula kochepa kwa malowo kunatsimikizira zomwe zili m'makonsati oterowo, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chikhalidwe cha kupanga nyimbo za chipinda. Pamodzi ndi izi, m'zaka za zana la 18. pali mtundu wina wa K. - zisudzo zolipidwa pagulu za oimba, zopangidwira anthu ambiri, ademokalase. omvera. Woyamba analipira K. analinganizidwa ku London mu 1672-78 ndi woyimba zeze J. Banister m'malo mwake. kunyumba; omvera anapatsidwa ufulu wosankha pulogalamu. Mu 1678-1714 wotchuka kulinganiza K. ku London anali T. Britton. Mu 1690-93 apa K. yolembedwa ndi R. King joint. ndi iye. opera entrepreneur I. AT. Frank, nayenso mu malingaliro ake omwe. holo. Pa nthawiyo, kulembetsa K. ndi K. polembetsa. Mu 1765-82, makadi olembetsa anali otchuka mu London; NDI. KWA. Mgwirizano wa Bach. ndi K. F. Abel, kulembetsa K., osn. scribbler I. AP Zolomon (kwa iwo Y. Haydn analemba ake otchedwa. London Symphonies). Ku France, kunali “Makonsati Auzimu” (1725-91), osn. comp. F. A. Philidor; mmenemo, limodzi ndi nyimbo zachipembedzo, zida zadziko zinkachitidwanso. ensembles, symphonies, solo op. Potsatira chitsanzo chawo, zofanana ndi K. ku Leipzig, Vienna, Stockholm. Ndi kavalo. 18 mkati. otchedwa. masukulu - kukopera K., pamene woimbayo achita ntchito yakeyake. Kupsompsona. (AT. A. Mozart, L. Beethoven ndi ena). Ku Russia, zoimbaimba zoyamba zapagulu zidachitika m'ma 40s. 18 mkati. Petersburg, kumene m'ma 70s. amapeza mwadongosolo. khalidwe (mu Moscow - mu 80s). Komabe, pambuyo pa Great French. Panthawi ya chisinthiko, mawonekedwe a kanema wapagulu, omwe adalipira kale, adavomerezedwa pomaliza, ndi pulogalamu yokonzedweratu yogwirizana ndi kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu komwe kudachitika. Mtundu watsopano wa oimba, "konsati" virtuoso, akupangidwa; mawonekedwe a machitidwe ake pagulu, solo k., akukonzedwa; mtundu wa pulogalamu yochitidwa mu k. woimba yekha ndi limba limba Komabe, mu theka loyamba. 19 mkati. pulogalamu yosakanikirana ya K. soloist - virtuoso instrumentalist kapena woyimba, amene oimba nawo, etc. ochita masewera (ie. Bambo. gulu). Fomu iyi inali yosinthika kuchoka ku kayimbidwe ka woyimba payekha mu tchalitchi pakati pa magawo a misa, oratorio, kapena mu t-re, panthawi yopuma ya bwalo la zisudzo. zoyimira, kwa wodziyimira pawokha K. - piyano-violin-mtsogoleri-abendum (German. piano-violin-nyimbo-madzulo). Kubwerera kumapeto kwa 30s. 19 mkati. ngakhale N. Paganini anachita mu gulu. Pokhapokha mu 40s. F. Liszt anali woyamba kupereka solo K., popanda kutengapo mbali kwa ena. ochita masewera. Kukula kwa nyimbo. Art-va ndi kuchita chikhalidwe, kufalikira kwa K., chitukuko cha muses. kugwirizana pakati pa mayiko kunathandizira kutulukira kwa chikapitalist chatsopano. mitundu ya bungwe conc. moyo. Mu 1880 ku Berlin G. Wolf adayambitsa msonkhano woyamba. bungwe lomwe linayamba kukonza zisudzo za ojambula pazinthu zina zakuthupi. Ichi chinali chiyambi cha conc yamakono. "Mafakitale", omwe alandira chitukuko chachikulu kwambiri ku United States, komwe kuli kochuluka kwambiri. mabungwe, impresario ndi mameneja okonzekera K., maulendo kunja. ojambula. M'zaka zonse za 19th TO. (symphonic, chamber, solo) ikukula kwambiri, momwe ntchito ya Dec. mtundu wamagulu oimba omwe analipo ku Europe konse. zikhalidwe. Ku 19in. kutchuka kwakukulu kunapindula ndi symphony yokhazikika. KWA. Society of Concerts of the Paris Conservatoire (main. mu 1828), K. Leipzig Gewandhaus, Vienna (main. mu 1842) ndi Berlin (main. mu 1882) philharmonic. ochestra, Lamoureux Concerts ku Paris (main. mu 1881), London Promenade Concerts, ndi zina zotero; m'zaka za zana la 20 - K. Boston (main. mu 1881) ndi Philadelphia (main. mu 1900) okhestra, BBC Orchestra (London), Paris Orchestra, ndi zina zotero. Mu theka lachiwiri. 20 mkati. zizindikiro zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. ndi ma concert a chamber omwe adakonzedwa molingana ndi mayiko. zikondwerero za ayezi. Zarubu anakhala wamba. maulendo a ochita masewera akuluakulu. magulu (opera t-ditch, symphony. okhestra, nyimbo zoimbaimba, etc.). M’maiko ambiri akumanga maholo ochitirako konsati okhoza kukhalamo anthu ochuluka. Mu pre-revolutionary Russia ndi yofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko cha conc. moyo ndi bungwe symph. ndi chamberlain K. anali ndi St. Petersburg Philharmonic Society, Moscow Philharmonic Society, makamaka Russian Musical Society, komanso conc wotere. mabungwe monga "Concerts S. A. Koussevitzky" (1909-1914), "Concerts ndi A.

Kusintha kofunikira mu conc. ntchito zinachitika mu USSR, kumene bungwe ndi utsogoleri wa conc. moyo uli m'manja mwa socialist. boma-va. M'zaka zoyambirira pambuyo pa kusintha kwa zaka, mitundu yatsopanoyi ya makonsati inayambika monga msonkhano wa "Corporation of Artists - Soloists of the Bolshoi T-ra" ku Moscow, Leningrad. kwaya. mapiri a olimpiad. nyimbo zamasewera (zoyamba zidachitika mu 1927, oimba mpaka 100000 adatenga nawo gawo). Guide conc. moyo mu USSR anaikira mu boma. mabungwe a concert - Soyuzconcert, Rosconcert, Ukrconcert ndi ena, Republican, zigawo ndi mizinda. Philharmonics. Mu ntchito yake, akadzidzi conc. mabungwe akhazikitsidwa pa mfundo zatsopano. Ntchito zanyimbo-maphunziro ndi chikhalidwe zimawonekera. Ku. amakonzedwa osati mu conc. maholo a mizinda ikuluikulu, komanso m'matauni ang'onoang'ono, m'makalabu, nyumba za chikhalidwe ndi zokambirana za zomera ndi mafakitale, m'minda ya boma, minda yamagulu. Mabungwe a philharmonic akuchita ntchito zambiri zanyimbo ndi maphunziro pakati pa omvera. Mapulogalamu a K. amasindikizidwa, timabuku timasindikizidwa (kuti tithandize omvera), ndi ena ambiri. Philharmonics ali ndi maholo ophunzirira okhazikika. Magulu a philharmonic ali ndi oimba nyimbo zapamwamba komanso magulu oimba omwe adapambana kutchuka padziko lonse lapansi: State Symphony Orchestra ya USSR, Moscow Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra, Moscow. Chamber Orchestra (yokhazikitsidwa mu 1956), Symphony Orchestra ya Leningrad Philharmonic, State Academic Russian Choir ya USSR, Republican Russian Choir, String Quartet. Borodin (yokhazikitsidwa mu 1945);

Zothandizira: Albrecht E., mwachidule za ntchito za St. Petersburg Philharmonic Society, St. Petersburg, 1884; Imperial Russian Musical Society. Nthambi ya Moscow. Misonkhano ya Symphony 1-500. Mlozera wowerengera, M., 1899; Chaka cha 100th cha St. Petersburg Philharmonic Society. 1802-1902, St. Petersburg, 1902 (ndi mndandanda wa mapulogalamu a symphonic concerts); Gulu la okonda nyimbo zaku Russia. X (1896-1906), M., 1906 (ndi mndandanda wa mapulogalamu a konsati); Findeizen NF, Essay pa ntchito za nthambi ya St. Petersburg ya Imperial Russian Musical Society (1859-1909), St. Petersburg, 1909 (ndi zowonjezera: mapulogalamu a symphony ndi ma concerts a chipinda; oimba); St. Petersburg zoimbaimba A. Siloti. Pulogalamu ya konsati ya nyengo khumi (1903/1904-1912/1913), St. Petersburg, 1913; State Academic Philharmonic Society (Leningrad). Zaka khumi za nyimbo za symphonic. 1917-1927, L., 1928 (ndi mndandanda wa mapulogalamu); Leningrad Philharmonic. Zolemba. Zokumbukira. Zida, (sb.), L., 1972; Moscow State Philharmonic, M., 1973; Elwart AAE, Histoire de la Société des concerts du Conservatoire imperial de musique, P., 1860; Deldever EME, Histoire des concerts populaires, P., 1864; Brenet M. (Babilljer M.), Les concerts en France sous l Ancien régime, P., 1900; Rierre C., Le concert spirituel 1725 a 1790, P., 1900; Bekker P., Das deutsche Musikleben, Stuttg. - V., 1916; Dandelot A., La Société des concerts du Conservatoire de 1828 a 1923, P., 1923; Meyer K., Das Konzert, ein Führer, Stuttg., 1925; Preussner E., Die bürgerliche Musikkultur, Hamb., 1935, “Kassel-Basel, 1954; Van der Wall W., Liepmann SM, Musik m'mabungwe, NY, 1936; Maugé G., Concert, P., 1937; Gerhardt E., Recital, L., 1953; Bauer R., Das Konzert, B., 1955.

Ndi Yampolsky