Magulu oimba |

Magulu oimba - mgwirizano wa Prof. oimba ndi okonda nyimbo, ndi cholinga chofalitsa nyimbozo. chikhalidwe, propaganda ndi kuphunzira otd. mitundu yamilandu yanyimbo. Pali mayiko ndi mayiko O. m.; amagawidwa mu kuimba (kwaya, orchestra, chipinda), sayansi ndi maphunziro, palinso kulenga (kupanga, musicological). Chiyambi cha O.m., monga imodzi mwa mitundu yamagulu oimba. zochitika, kuyambira kumapeto kwa Middle Ages ndipo zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi nyimbo zomwe zinalipo panthawiyo. sukulu; pambuyo pake O.m. analandira palokha. chitukuko. Ma prototypes awo anali masukulu omwe adayambika m'zaka za zana la 16. ku Italy ndipo adachita nawo Ch. ayi. kuyimba nyimbo ndi mamembala awo. Mtundu wofanana wa O. m., wotchedwa. Collegium Musicum idawonekera ku Germany ndi mayiko ena. Kukula kwamapiri. chikhalidwe cha nyimbo m'zaka za zana la 18, chitukuko cha anthu. conc. moyo unathandizira kutulukira kwa mitundu yatsopano yamagulu a nyimbo ndi zochitika zamagulu, makamaka makonsati (otchedwa philharmonic.) muses. ob-in ndi mus.-perform. mayanjano: ku England - Academy of Early Music (1710), ku Austria - Viennese Society of Musicians (1771); Society of Concerts ya Paris Conservatory (1792), etc.

Pachiyambi. Zaka za m'ma 19 ku Germany, Austria, Switzerland, amuna anali ofala. kwaya. ob-va - Liedertafel (woyamba ku Berlin, 1809), pambuyo pake amakonda. kwaya. ob-va ("Orpheon") adawonekera ku France (woyamba mu 1835). O. m kuchokera pansanjika yachiwiri adagawidwa mokulira. Zaka za m'ma 2 Zina mwazofunikira kwambiri: General German. gulu la nyimbo (lomwe linakhazikitsidwa mu 19 ndi F. Brendel, L. Keller, ndi ena, cholinga chake chinali kukonza zikondwerero za nyimbo zapachaka zomwe zimachitika m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana ya Germany), National Musical Society (Paris, 1859), Society of Peoples. nyimbo (London, 1871), etc. Pokhudzana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa chidwi pa ntchito ya dipatimenti. Oyimba nyimbo zazikulu komanso kulimbikitsa zinthu zawo. (ntchito, kufalitsa zosonkhanitsidwa wathunthu wa ntchito, kumasulidwa kwa mabuku otchedwa osakhalitsa, etc.) pali wapadera. O. m .: Bachovskoe (Leipzig, 1898), Handel (Hamburg, 1850), G. Purcell (London, 1856), Universal Wagner (Bayreuth, 1876), etc. Ndi chitukuko cha kafukufuku. ntchito m'munda wa musicology ndi bungwe musicologists. about-va, kufalitsa sayansi. magazini, zopereka, nkhani. Woyamba mwa iwo ndi Society of Music. kafukufuku, chinali chachikulu mu 1883 ku Germany ndi F. Kommer ndi R. Eitner (analipo mpaka 1868); amasindikizidwa mwezi uliwonse mapepala asayansi. zosonkhanitsira: "Monatshefte für Musikgeschichte" (1906-1869).

Ku Russia, O.m. zinayamba kuonekera chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18. ndipo poyamba ankatchedwa makalabu - oyamba ku St. Petersburg mu 1772 (onani "Music Club"). Large O. m., yemwe adagwirizanitsa Prof. oimba (orchestra), anali wamkulu. mu 1802 St. Petersburg Philharmonic Society. Mu 1840, Symphony Society inakhazikitsidwa ku St. Petersburg, ndipo mu 1850, Concert Society, yomwe inalimbikitsa nyimbo za classical. nyimbo. Mu 1859, gulu lalikulu la nyimbo la ku Russia linakhazikitsidwa (lomwe linatsegula nthambi m'mizinda yambiri), lomwe cholinga chake chinali chitukuko cha Prof. maphunziro a nyimbo ku Russia. Izi za-mu zinatsogoleranso mwadongosolo. conc. ntchito ku St. Petersburg, Moscow ndi mizinda ina kumene nthambi zake zinalipo. Mu Moscow mu 1874 Society of Rus. drama. olemba ndi olemba opera pofuna kuteteza zofuna za mamembala ake (mu 1877, olemba PI Tchaikovsky, AG Rubinshtein, MP Mussorgsky, etc.) mu 1878 - Moscow Philharmonic Society. Mwa zina Russian. chisadakhale chakusintha kwa O. m.: St. Petersburg Society of Chamber Music, St. nyimbo-sewero. gulu la ankachita masewera (anakhazikitsidwa mu 1883), amene anakonza zisudzo pachaka (kwa nthawi yoyamba mu St. Petersburg, iwo anachita positi. Opera "Eugene Onegin", 1877), St. Petersburg. Misonkhano ya Society of Music (yomwe idakhazikitsidwa m'ma 1884s, yomwe cholinga chake ndi kudziwitsa anthu ammudzi ndi kupanga nyimbo ndi zolemba zotsutsa nyimbo; nyumba yosindikizira Izvestia ..., onani magazini a Musical), St. Petersburg. Society of Music aphunzitsi ndi zina zakale. ziwerengero (1890-1899; pansi pake panali ofesi ya intermediary nyimbo, kwaya, zingwe ndi wok quartets), Mpingo. chanter Ubwino. gulu (anakhazikitsidwa ku St. Petersburg mu 1908 pa initiative wa kwaya kondakita AA Arkhangelsky; makonsati chaka ndi chaka anakonza za nyimbo zopatulika), Moscow Liedertafel, Moscow. Society of Lovers of Orchestral, Chamber and Vocal Music (yokhazikitsidwa mu 1902 ndi wochititsa A. Litvinov), Circle of Russian Music Lovers (Moscow, 1895-1896), House of Song (Moscow, 1912-1908), Musical Theoretical Library "( Moscow, 18-1908). Nyimbo zanyimbo zinaliponso m’mizinda ina ingapo (onaninso Evenings of Contemporary Music, Musical Exhibitions).

Pambuyo pa kusintha kwa Oct. kwa 1917 magulu adapangidwa. mabungwe oimba: Association of Contemporary Music (Leningrad, Moscow), Russian Association of Proletarian Musicians; Association of osintha osintha nyimbo ndi oimba ziwerengero (ORKIMD; 1925-32), All-Ukrainian Society yotchulidwa pambuyo pake. ND Leontovich (1921-28), All-Ukraine Association of Revolutionaries. oimba (1928-32). Mu 1931-35 panali Intern. music Bureau ndi gulu la ogwira ntchito ndi osintha zinthu. mabungwe oimba a Austria, Germany, USA, USSR, France, Japan, omwe amagwira ntchito ku Intern. mgwirizano wa oukira boma. t-ra (MORT) ndipo adafalitsa nkhani ya "International Music" (kuyambira 1933). Mu 1939 mu Moscow, waukulu. Union of Composers of the USSR - Creative. Association of Owls Owls and Musicologists, mu 1957 - All-Russian Choir. za-mu, etc.; kwaya. pafupifupi-va amapangidwa ku Ukraine, Belarus, Armenia ndi mayiko ena. M’mayiko ena muli mabungwe a anthu oimba nyimbo ndi oimba, komanso m’mayiko ena ambiri. intl. O. m., woyamba mwa iwo anali Intern. Music Society (1899-1914) - bungwe la akatswiri oimba nyimbo, lomwe linali ndi chikhalidwe. magawo m'mayiko ambiri (misonkhano yochitika, malipoti ofalitsidwa, magazini osindikizidwa). Pakati pa O. m.: International Society for Contemporary Music, International Society for Musicology, Intern. mgwirizano wanyimbo. malaibulale, International Society of Music Education, International Council of people music, etc. Ambiri a iwo ndi mamembala a International Music Council ku UNESCO.

Ndi Yampolsky