Zachilengedwe |

Mawu otanthauza gulu la masitepe 7 mosamalitsa diatonic. mitundu (onani Diatonic) mosiyana ndi mitundu, kuphatikizapo kusinthidwa kwakukulu. masitepe, ma chromatisms, zosintha (mwachitsanzo, zazing'ono zachilengedwe motsutsana ndi harmonic). Pansi pa N. l. nthawi zambiri amatanthauza maphwando ofanana a Nar. Europe ndi kunja kwa Europe. nyimbo, zovuta zapakati. monody, Russian ena. kuyimba nyimbo zachipembedzo, ma diatonic frets ku Western Europe. ndi nyimbo za ku Russia za nthawi yatsopano (zaka za 17-19) komanso zamakono. nyimbo. Izi ndi mitundu (yodzaza ndi yosakwanira) ya Aeolian (wamng'ono wachilengedwe), Ionian (zachilengedwe zazikulu), Dorian, Mixolydian, Phrygian, Lydian, ma diatonic variables (ndi kusungidwa kwa sikelo, mwachitsanzo, mu nyimbo "The khanda linayenda m'nkhalango" kuchokera ku mndandanda wa N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov), komanso Lokrian wosowa kwambiri; ku N.l. kuphatikiza anhemitone pentatonic yamitundu yonse. General ndondomeko N. L. (malinga ndi IV Sposobin):

N.l. kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, Dorian - ndi kuwala zazing'ono mtundu, Lydian - ndi khalidwe kumatheka chinsinsi chachikulu, etc. Mu nyimbo za 19-20 zaka. olemba (E. Grieg, MP Mussorgsky, NA Rimsky-Korsakov, IF Stravinsky, B. Bartok, C. Debussy, ndi ena) nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito N. l. muzolinga zomvera zamitundumitundu. Chifukwa chake, imodzi mwamilandu yogwiritsa ntchito N. l. monga mwapadera kufotokoza. amatanthawuza - mu opera "Nthano ya Mzinda Wosaoneka wa Kitezh ndi Maiden Fevronia" ndi Rimsky-Korsakov: juxtaposition ya N. l. ndi nyimbo zamachromatic zodzaza ndi masinthidwe zimapereka kusiyana komveka bwino, kosavuta, kwachilengedwe. Zolankhula za Fevronia ndi mawu osamveka, opotoka, osakhazikika a Grishka Kuterma.

Ndi Rimsky-Korsakov. "Nthano ya Mzinda Wosaoneka wa Kitezh ndi Maiden Fevronia", Act IV.

Komabe, lingaliro la N. L. mu njira. kuyeza mokhazikika. Mawu akuti "chilengedwe" (m'lingaliro lonse - "chirengedwe", "chogwirizana ndi chilengedwe") apa amatanthauza "kuperekedwa mwachilengedwe" (cf. "mulingo wachilengedwe", "nyanga zachilengedwe"), osasinthidwa, osati ochita kupanga (cf. kutsutsa: "zachilengedwe" ndi "zopanga" flageolets). Mu N.l. diatonicism ndi yachilengedwe, yomwe imamveka ngati mfundo yofunikira. Chifukwa chake kusiyana ku Europe. zazing'ono pakati pa "zachirengedwe", sikelo yoyamba, yosonyezedwa ndi zizindikiro zazikulu za normative, ndi "yopanga" semitone yoyambira, yogwiritsidwa ntchito mwadongosolo, koma osati yofanana ndi maufulu ndi matani a N. l. Koma kusiyana koteroko kuli koyenera ku Ulaya kokha. chikhalidwe cha nyimbo; Oriental frets amakulitsidwa kachiwiri amakhala ngati "achirengedwe," mwachitsanzo, achilengedwe, monga mitundu yonse ya nyimbo zamtundu wamba (mumitundu, chilichonse ndi chilengedwe, chilichonse ndi maziko, opanda zigawo). (Onani nyimbo za ku India.) Kuchokera pamalingaliro awa, sizingatheke kunena kuti N. l., mwachitsanzo, mawonekedwe a tsiku ndi tsiku (GAHcdefgab-c1-d1), momwe phokoso limapanga octave yochepetsedwa (Hb) ndizofanana zachilengedwe (onani, mwachitsanzo, solo yachitatu ya kalaliki kuchokera pachiwonetsero chachiwiri cha opera ya Rimsky-Korsakov The Night Before Christmas), komanso "kufalitsa chromatism" (mawu a AD Kastalsky) mu Russian. nar. nyimbo. Choncho kuthekera kwa kumvetsetsa ndi zamakono. 3-step system ngati yachilengedwe, mwachitsanzo, yosagwirizana ndi kusintha kwa mawu a 2-step system. "Kafukufuku wanyimbo za anthu wamba ... adanditsogolera ... kuti nditayire mwaufulu kamvekedwe kake kake ka nyimbo zathu zamitundu khumi ndi ziwiri," analemba B. Bartok. Komabe, sikulakwa kutchula dongosolo ili 12-step diatonic, chifukwa izi zingasemphane ndi tanthauzo la mawu oti "diatonic".

Zothandizira: Catuar GL, Theoretical course of harmony, magawo 1-2, M., 1924-25; Bartok B. Autobiography. "Nyimbo Zamakono", No 7, 1925; Gadzhibekov U., Zofunika za nyimbo zamtundu wa Azerbaijani, Baku, 1945, 1957; Kushnarev XS Mafunso a mbiri yakale ndi chiphunzitso cha Armenian monodic music, L., 1958; Belyaev VM, Essays pa mbiri ya nyimbo za anthu a USSR, vol. 1-2, M., 1962-63; Verkov VO, Harmony, gawo 1-3, M., 1962-1966, 1970; Sposobin IV, Nkhani za mgwirizano, M., 1969; Tyulin Yu. N., Njira Zachilengedwe ndi Zosintha, M., 1971; Yusfin AG, Mafunso ena owerengera nyimbo zamtundu wamtundu, m'magulu: Mavuto amtundu, M., 1972.

Yu. N. Kholopov