Nyimbo zowala, nyimbo zamitundu |

English — mtundu nyimbo, German. - Farblichtmusik, French. - nyimbo des couleeur

Mawuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ponena za zojambulajambula. ndi sayansi ndi luso. zoyesera m'munda wa kaphatikizidwe wa nyimbo ndi kuwala. Lingaliro la "masomphenya" a nyimbo lakhala ndi tanthauzo. chitukuko chokhudzana ndi kusinthika kwa sayansi ya art-ve. Ngati ziphunzitso zoyambirira za S. pitilizani kuzindikirika kwa kukhazikitsidwa kopitilira umunthu kwa malamulo akusintha kwa nyimbo kukhala kuwala, komwe kumamveka ngati mtundu wathupi. ndondomeko, ndiye mu mfundo wotsatira chinthu akuyamba kuganiziridwa ndi pempho kwa zokhudza thupi, maganizo, ndiyeno zokongoletsa. mbali. Malingaliro oyamba odziwika bwino (J. Arcimboldo ku Italy, A. Kircher ku Germany ndipo koposa zonse, L. B. Castel ku France) adakhazikitsidwa ndi chikhumbo chofuna kukwaniritsa "kumasulira" kwa nyimbo momveka bwino pamaziko a fanizo la spectrum-octave lomwe I. Newton pansi pa chisonkhezero cha cosmology, lingaliro la "nyimbo zamagulu" (Pythagoras, I. Kepler). Malingaliro awa anali otchuka m'zaka za zana la 17-19. ndipo amalimidwa mu DOS ziwiri. mitundu yosiyanasiyana: "nyimbo zamtundu" - zotsatizana ndi nyimbo zotsatizana zamitundu zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi chiŵerengero chosadziwika cha sikelo - mtundu wamitundu; “Nyimbo zamitundumitundu” ndiko kusintha kosamveka kwa mitundu komwe kumalowetsa mamvekedwe a nyimbo mogwirizana ndi fanizo lomwelo. Pakati pa ochirikiza chiphunzitso cha Castel (1688-1757) ndi a m'nthawi yake olemba J. F. Rameau, G. Teleman, A. E. M. Gretry ndipo pambuyo pake asayansi E. Darwin, D. I. Khmelnitsky ndi ena. Ena mwa omwe amamutsutsa ndi - oganiza ngati D. Diderot, J. d'Alembert, J. J. Rousseau, Voltaire, G. E. Lessing, ojambula W. Hogarth, P. Gonzago, komanso J. V. Goethe, J. Buffon, G Helmholtz, yemwe adanena za kusagwirizana kwa malamulo a nyimbo (kumva) kumunda wa masomphenya. Kusanthula mozama kwa malingaliro a Castel kunaperekedwa mu 1742 mwapadera. msonkhano wa Russian Academy of Sciences. Kale "ziwalo zopepuka" zoyamba (B. Bishopu, A. Rimington), yomwe idawonekera pambuyo pa kupangidwa kwamagetsi. magwero opepuka, otsimikiza ndi maso awo kuti otsutsa a Castel anali olondola. Koma kusowa kwa machitidwe ambiri a kuwala ndi kaphatikizidwe ka nyimbo kunathandizira kuyeserera kobwerezabwereza pakukhazikitsa kufanana pakati pa sikelo ndi kutsatizana kwamitundu (F. I. Yurev; D. Kellogg ku USA, K. Löf ku Germany). Malingaliro amakanika awa sakhala okongoletsedwa m'zinthu komanso filosofi yachilengedwe. Kufufuza kwa malamulo a kuwala-nyimbo. kaphatikizidwe, to-rye angatsimikizire kukwaniritsidwa kwa mgwirizano wa nyimbo ndi kuwala, poyamba zinkagwirizanitsidwa ndi kumvetsetsa kwa mgwirizano (mgwirizano) monga ontological. magulu. Izi zinadyetsa chikhulupiliro cha udindo ndi kuthekera kwa "kumasulira nyimbo mu mtundu", chikhumbo chomvetsetsa malamulo otchulidwawo monga sayansi yachilengedwe. malamulo. Kubwereranso mochedwa kwa Castelianism kumayimiridwa ndi zoyesayesa za asayansi ndi mainjiniya ena kuti akwaniritse "kumasulira" kwa nyimbo padziko lonse lapansi mothandizidwa ndi makina ndi ma cybernetics pamaziko ovuta, komanso ma algorithms osadziwika (mwachitsanzo, zoyeserera). mwa K. L. Leontiev ndi labotale nyimbo mtundu Leningrad A. S.

M'zaka za zana la 20 kuwala koyamba ndi nyimbo zoimbidwa zidawonekera, zomwe zidapangidwa zimafanana ndi kukongola kwenikweni. zosowa. Choyamba, ili ndi lingaliro la "symphony kuwala" mu AN Scriabin "Prometheus" (1910), mu mphambu imene kwa nthawi yoyamba mu nyimbo dziko. kuchita ndi wopeka yekha anayambitsa wapadera. chingwe "Luce" (kuwala), cholembedwa m'manotsi wamba pa chida "tastiera per luce" ("light clavier"). Gawo lounikira la magawo awiri ndi mtundu wa "mawonekedwe" a dongosolo la tonal la ntchito. Mmodzi mwa mawu, mafoni, amatsatira kusintha kwa matchulidwe (kutanthauziridwa ndi wolemba ngati kusintha kwa makiyi). Lina, losagwira ntchito, likuwoneka kuti likukonza makiyi ofotokozera ndipo lili ndi zolemba zisanu ndi ziwiri zokha, kutsata sikelo yamtundu wonse kuchokera ku Fis kupita ku Fis, ikuwonetsera ndondomeko yafilosofi ya "Prometheus" mu zizindikiro za mtundu (kukula kwa "mzimu" ndi "nkhani" ). Palibe zowonetsa kuti mitundu iti imagwirizana ndi zolemba zanyimbo mu "Luce". Ngakhale kuwunika kosiyana kwa chochitika ichi, kuyambira 1915 "Prometheus" yachitika mobwerezabwereza ndikutsagana ndi kuwala.

Zina mwa ntchito za olemba ena otchuka ndi Schoenberg's Lucky Hand (1913), VV Shcherbachev's Nonet (1919), Stravinsky's Black Concerto (1946), Y. Xenakis' Polytope (1967), Poetoria Shchedrin (1968), "Preliminary Action" (yochokera pazithunzi zojambulidwa ndi AN Skryabin, AP Nemtin, 1972). Zojambula zonse izi. zoyesera, monga Scriabin a "Prometheus", anali kugwirizana ndi pempho kwa mitundu kumva, ndi kumvetsa umodzi wa phokoso ndi kuwala, kapena m'malo, zomveka ndi zooneka ngati subjective maganizo maganizo. chodabwitsa. Zimakhudzana ndi kuzindikira kwa epistemological. chikhalidwe cha chodabwitsa ichi, kunayamba chizolowezi kukwaniritsa mgwirizano wophiphiritsa mu kuwala-nyimbo kaphatikizidwe, chimene chinakhala kofunika kugwiritsa ntchito njira zomveka-zooneka polyphony (Skryabin mu mapulani ake "Choyambirira Action" ndi "Mystery". ", LL Sabaneev, VV Kandinsky, SM Eisenstein, BM Galeev, Yu. A. Pravdyuk ndi ena); pokhapokha zitakhala zotheka kulankhula za nyimbo zopepuka ngati luso, ngakhale kuti kudziyimira pawokha kumawoneka kovuta kwa ofufuza ena (KD Balmont, VV Vanslov, F. Popper).

Zomwe zachitika m'zaka za zana la 20 zoyesera "zojambula zowala kwambiri" (GI Gidoni, VD Baranov-Rossine, Z. Peshanek, F. Malina, SM Zorin), "cinema mtheradi" (G. Richter, O. Fischinger, N . McLaren) , “choreography ya zida” (F. Boehme, O. Pine, N. Schaeffer) amakakamizika kulabadira zenizeni. mawonekedwe akugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zowoneka mu S., zachilendo ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosavuta kuzipeza. kutengeka ndi oyimba (ch. arr. with the complication of spatial organization of light). S. ikugwirizana kwambiri ndi miyambo yogwirizana. kudzinenera ndi inu. Pamodzi ndi phokoso, imagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zowala (zogwirizana ndi zojambula), zokonzedwa motsatira malamulo a muses. logic ndi nyimbo. mawonekedwe (kulumikizana ndi nyimbo), olumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi "mayitanidwe" akuyenda kwa zinthu zachilengedwe komanso, koposa zonse, manja aumunthu (kugwirizana ndi choreography). Nkhaniyi ikhoza kupangidwa momasuka ndi kutengapo gawo kwa mwayi wokonza, kusintha kukula kwa ndondomeko, ngodya, ndi zina zotero (kugwirizana ndi cinema). Siyanitsani S. pa konts. ntchito, yopangidwanso mothandizidwa ndi nyimbo. ndi zida zowunikira; mafilimu opepuka ndi oimba opangidwa mothandizidwa ndi ukadaulo wamafilimu; magetsi odziwikiratu ndi makhazikitsidwe a nyimbo pazolinga zogwiritsidwa ntchito, zamtundu wophiphiritsa wa zokongoletsera ndi kapangidwe. mlandu.

M'madera onsewa, kuyambira pachiyambi. Kuyesera kwazaka za m'ma 20 kukuchitika. Pakati pa ntchito isanayambe nkhondo - kuyesa kwa LL Sabaneev, GM Rimsky-Korsakov, LS Termen, PP Kondratsky - ku USSR; A. Klein, T. Wilfred, A. Laszlo, F. Bentham - kunja. Mu 60-70s. Zaka za m'ma 20 zoimbaimba zowala za ofesi ya "Prometheus" ku Kazan Aviation Institute zinadziwika. m'maholo amenewo a nyimbo zopepuka ku Kharkov ndi Moscow. Museum of AN Scriabin, konsati yamafilimu. holo "October" mu Leningrad, "Russia" mu Moscow - mu USSR; Ame. "Light Music Ensemble" ku New York, intl. Philips, etc. - kunja. Njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi zikuphatikizapo zamakono zamakono. kupindula mpaka lasers ndi makompyuta. Kutsatira mafilimu oyesera "Prometheus" ndi "Perpetual motion" (design ofesi "Prometheus"), "Music and color" (situdiyo ya filimu ya Kyiv yotchedwa AP Dovzhenko), "Space - Earth - Space" ("Mosfilm") ayamba kutulutsa kuwala. -mafilimu oimba nyimbo kuti agawidwe (Little Triptych to music by GV Sviridov, Kazan Film Studio, 1975; mafilimu Horizontal Line ndi N. McLaren ndi Optical Poem ya O. Fischinger - kunja). Zinthu za S. zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu nyimbo. t-re, m'mafilimu odziwika. Iwo ntchito zisudzo zisudzo monga "Sound ndi Kuwala", unachitikira popanda zisudzo panja. Kupanga kwamtundu wa kuwala kokongoletsa ndi kuyimba nyimbo zamapangidwe amkati akupangidwa mochuluka. Mabwalo ndi mapaki a Yerevan, Batumi, Kirov, Sochi, Krivoy Rog, Dnepropetrovsk, Moscow amakongoletsedwa ndi akasupe a kuwala ndi nyimbo "kuvina" nyimbo. Vuto la kuwala ndi nyimbo kaphatikizidwe odzipereka. katswiri. symposia ya sayansi. Oimira kwambiri anali "Farbe-Ton-Forschungen" congresses ku Germany (1927 ndi 1930) ndi misonkhano ya All-Union "Kuwala ndi Nyimbo" ku USSR (1967, 1969, 1975).

Zothandizira: Zolankhula zimene zinawerengedwa m’gulu la anthu onse la Imperial Academy of Sciences pa April 29, 1742, St. Petersburg, 1744; Sabaneev L., Skryabin, M.-Pg., 1917; Rimsky-Korsakov GM, Kufotokozera mzere wowala wa "Prometheus" wa Scriabin, m'gulu: Vremennik wa Dipatimenti ya Theory ndi History of Music of the State. Institute of Art History, vol. 1923, L., 2; Gidoni GI, The Art of Light and Colour, L., 1926; Leontiev K., Nyimbo ndi mtundu, M., 1930; yake, Colour of Prometheus, M., 1961; Galeev B., Scriabin ndi chitukuko cha lingaliro la nyimbo zowoneka, mu: Music and Modernity, vol. 1965, M., 6; zake, luso ndi luso zoyesera za SLE "Prometheus", Kazan, 1969; wake, Kuwala nyimbo: mapangidwe ndi akamanena za luso latsopano, Kazan, 1974; Msonkhano wa "Kuwala ndi Nyimbo" (zolemba ndi ndemanga), Kazan, 1976; Rags Yu., Nazaikinsky E., Pa luso la luso la kaphatikizidwe ka nyimbo ndi mtundu, mu: Musical Art ndi Science, vol. 1969, M., 1; Yuryev FI, Music of Light, K., 1970; Vanechkina IL, Pamalingaliro opepuka a nyimbo za AN Scriabin, mu: Mafunso a mbiriyakale, chiphunzitso cha nyimbo ndi maphunziro a nyimbo, Sat. 1971, Kazan, 2; ake, Gawo "Luce" monga chinsinsi cha Scriabin mochedwa mgwirizano, "SM", 1972, No 1977; Galeev BM, Andreev SA, Kupanga mfundo za kuwala ndi nyimbo zipangizo, M., 4; Dzyubenko AG, Colour music, M., 1973; Luso la mawu owala. Loweruka. Art., Kazan, 1973; Zida za All-Union School of Young Scientists pa vuto la "Kuwala ndi Nyimbo". (msonkhano wachitatu), Kazan, 1973; Vanslov VV, Zojambulajambula ndi nyimbo. Essays, L., 1975.

BM Galeev