ZINDIKIRANI CHIFUPITSO

Momwe mungadziwire zizindikiro zowonjezera zomwe zimapezeka nthawi zambiri mu nyimbo?
    Polemba nyimbo, mawu apadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito omwe amafupikitsa mawu oimba a ntchito. Zotsatira zake, kuwonjezera pakufupikitsa zolembazo, zimakhalanso zosavuta kuwerenga zolemba.
    Pali zizindikiro zachidule zomwe zimasonyeza kubwereza kosiyanasiyana: mkati mwa bar, mipiringidzo ingapo, gawo lina la ntchito.
    Mawu achidule amagwiritsidwa ntchito, kukakamiza kulemba octave imodzi kapena ziwiri kumtunda kapena kumunsi.
    Tiwona njira zina zochepetsera zolemba za nyimbo, zomwe ndi:

1. Kubwereza.

Kubwereza kumasonyeza kufunika kobwereza gawo la ntchito, kapena ntchito yonse. Onani chithunzichi:

Chithunzi 1-1. Reprise chitsanzo

    Mu chithunzichi mukuwona zizindikiro ziwiri zobwerezabwereza, zazunguliridwa mu rectangles zofiira. Pakati pa zizindikiro izi pali gawo la ntchito yomwe iyenera kubwerezedwa. Zizindikiro "kuyang'ana" wina ndi mzake ndi madontho.
    Ngati mukufuna kubwereza muyeso umodzi wokha (ngakhale kangapo), mungagwiritse ntchito chizindikiro chotsatirachi (chofanana ndi chizindikiro cha peresenti):

Chithunzi 1-2. Bwerezani bala lonse

    Popeza tikuganizira kubwereza kwa bar imodzi muzitsanzo zonse ziwiri, zojambula zonse zimaseweredwa motere:

Chithunzi 1-3. Nyimbo za nyimbo popanda chidule
 

izo. Nthawi 2 ndizofanana. Mu Chithunzi 1-1, kubwereza kumapereka kubwereza, mu Chithunzi 1-2, chizindikiro cha "peresenti". Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti chikwangwanicho chimangobwereza kapamwamba kamodzi, ndipo kubwereza kungathe kuphimba gawo lalikulu la ntchito (ngakhale ntchito yonse). Palibe chizindikiro chimodzi chobwerezabwereza chingasonyeze kubwereza kwa gawo lina la muyeso - muyeso wonsewo.
    Ngati kubwereza kumasonyezedwa ndi kubwereza, koma mathero a kubwereza ndi osiyana, ndiye ikani mabatani omwe ali ndi manambala omwe amasonyeza kuti bar iyi iyenera kuseweredwa pa kubwereza koyamba, bar iyi panthawi yachiwiri, ndi zina zotero. Mabakiteriya amatchedwa "volts". Volt yoyamba, yachiwiri, ndi zina zotero.
    Taganizirani chitsanzo chokhala ndi reprise ndi ma volts awiri:
 

Chithunzi 1-4. Chitsanzo ndi reprise ndi volts
 

    Kodi kusewera chitsanzo ichi? Tsopano tiyeni tiganizire. Zonse ndi zophweka apa. Recapitulation imakwirira miyeso 1 ndi 2. Pamwamba pa muyeso wachiwiri pali volta yokhala ndi nambala 2: timayimba muyeso uwu pandime yoyamba. Pamwamba pa muyeso 1 pali volt ndi nambala 3 (ili kale kunja kwa malire a reprise, monga momwe ziyenera kukhalira): timasewera muyeso uwu panthawi yachiwiri ya reprise m'malo mwa 2 (volta nambala 2 pamwamba pake).
    Kotero ife timasewera mipiringidzo motere: bar 1, bar 2, bar 1, bar 3. Mverani nyimboyi. Pamene mukumvetsera, tsatirani zolembazo.

Results.
Munadziwa njira ziwiri zochepetsera nyimbo: kubwereza ndi chizindikiro cha "peresenti". Kubwereza kungathe kuphimba gawo lalikulu la ntchitoyo, ndipo chizindikiro cha "peresenti" chimabwereza muyeso umodzi wokha.

2. Kubwereza muyeso.

    Bwerezani melodic chithunzi.
    Ngati chiwerengero chofanana cha melodic chikugwiritsidwa ntchito muyeso imodzi, ndiye kuti muyeso wotere ukhoza kulembedwa motere:

Chithunzi 2-1. Bwerezani melodic chithunzi

    Iwo. kumayambiriro kwa muyeso, chiwerengero cha nyimbo chimasonyezedwa, ndiyeno, mmalo mojambulanso chiwerengerochi maulendo atatu, kufunikira kobwerezabwereza kumangosonyezedwa ndi mbendera katatu. Pomaliza, mumasewera zotsatirazi:

Chithunzi 2-2. Kuchita kwa melodic figure

    Gwirizanani, zolemba zofupikitsidwa ndizosavuta kuwerenga! Chonde dziwani kuti mu chithunzi chathu, cholemba chilichonse chili ndi mbendera ziwiri (zolemba khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi). Ndicho chifukwa chake alipo awiri mizere mu zizindikiro zobwerezabwereza.

    Dziwani kubwereza.
    Kubwereza kwa notsi imodzi kapena chord kumasonyezedwa mofananamo. Taganizirani chitsanzo ichi:

Chithunzi 2-3. Kubwereza kolemba kamodzi

    Izi zikumveka, monga momwe mukuganizira kale, motere:

Chithunzi 2-4. Kuphedwa

    Tremolo.
    Kuthamanga, yunifolomu, kubwerezabwereza mobwerezabwereza kwa mawu awiri kumatchedwa mawu akuti tremolo. Chithunzi 3-1 chikuwonetsa phokoso la kunjenjemera, kusinthasintha zolemba ziwiri: "chita" ndi "si":

Chithunzi 2-5. Chitsanzo cha mawu a Tremolo

    Mwachidule, tremolo iyi idzawoneka motere:

Chithunzi 2-6. Kujambula kwa Tremolo

    Monga mukuonera, mfundoyi ndi yofanana paliponse: zolemba chimodzi kapena ziwiri (monga tremolo) zimasonyezedwa, nthawi yomwe imakhala yofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa zolemba zomwe zimaseweredwa. Zikwapu pa tsinde la cholembacho zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa mbendera zomwe zikuyenera kuseweredwa.
    M'zitsanzo zathu, timangobwereza phokoso la cholemba chimodzi, koma mukhoza kuona zidule monga izi:

Chithunzi 2-7. Komanso ndi tremolo

    Results.

    Pansi pa rubriki iyi, mwasanthula kubwereza kosiyanasiyana mkati mwa muyeso.

3. Zizindikiro za kusamutsa ku octave.

    Ngati gawo laling'ono la nyimboyo ndi lotsika kwambiri kapena lapamwamba kuti lilembedwe mosavuta ndi kuwerenga, ndiye pitirizani motere: nyimboyi imalembedwa kotero kuti ili pamizere yayikulu ya ogwira ntchito oimba. Komabe, panthawi imodzimodziyo, amasonyeza kuti ndikofunikira kusewera octave yapamwamba (kapena yotsika). Momwe izi zimachitikira, ganizirani ziwerengero:

Chithunzi 3-1. 8va amakakamiza kusewera octave apamwamba

    Chonde dziwani: 8va yalembedwa pamwamba pa zolembazo, ndipo gawo lina lazolemba limawunikiranso ndi mzere wamadontho. Zolemba zonse pansi pa mzere wa madontho, kuyambira 8va, zimasewera octave kuposa zolembedwa. Iwo. zomwe zikuwonetsedwa pachithunzichi ziyenera kuseweredwa motere:

Chithunzi 3-2. Kuphedwa

    Tsopano talingalirani chitsanzo pamene mawu otsika akugwiritsidwa ntchito. Yang'anani chithunzi chotsatirachi (nyimbo ya Agatha Christie):

Chithunzi 3-3. Nyimbo pamizere yowonjezera

    Mbali iyi ya nyimboyi yalembedwa pa mizere yowonjezera pansipa. Tidzagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "8vb", ndikulemba ndi mzere wamadontho zolemba zomwe ziyenera kutsitsidwa ndi octave (panthawiyi, zolemba pamtengowo zidzalembedwa pamwamba kuposa mawu enieni a octave):

Chithunzi 3-4. 8vb imakakamiza kusewera octave m'munsi

    Zolemba zakhala zophatikizika komanso zosavuta kuwerenga. Phokoso la zolembazo zimakhalabe zofanana.
    Mfundo yofunikira: ngati nyimbo yonseyo ikumveka pamanotsi otsika, ndiye kuti, palibe amene angajambule mzere wamadontho pansi pa chidutswa chonsecho. Pankhaniyi, bass clef Fa amagwiritsidwa ntchito. 8vb ndi 8va amagwiritsidwa ntchito kufupikitsa gawo lokha lachidutswa.
    Palinso njira ina. M'malo mwa 8va ndi 8vb, 8 yokha ingalembedwe. Pachifukwa ichi, mzere wamadontho umayikidwa pamwamba pa zolemba ngati mukufuna kusewera octave pamwamba, ndi pansi pa zolemba ngati mukufuna kusewera octave yotsika.

    Results.
    Mumutu uno, mwaphunzira za mtundu wina wa mawu achidule a nyimbo. 8va imasonyeza kusewera octave pamwamba pa zomwe zalembedwa, ndi 8vb - octave pansipa zomwe zalembedwa.

4. Dal Segno, Da Coda.

    Mawu akuti Dal Segno ndi Da Coda amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kufupikitsa nyimbo. Iwo amakulolani flexibly kukonza kubwereza-bwereza kwa chidutswa cha nyimbo. Tinganene kuti zili ngati zikwangwani zapamsewu zomwe zimalinganiza magalimoto. Osati m'mphepete mwa misewu, koma m'mphepete.
 

Dal Segno.
    Chizindikiro  imasonyeza malo omwe mudzafunikire kuyambitsa kubwereza. Chonde dziwani: chizindikirocho chimangowonetsa pomwe kusewereranso kumayambira, koma ndikadali molawirira kwambiri kuti mutha kuseweranso. Ndipo mawu oti "Dal Segno", omwe nthawi zambiri amafupikitsidwa kukhala "DS", amakakamiza kuyamba kusewera kubwereza. "DS" nthawi zambiri imatsatiridwa ndi malangizo amomwe mungasewere sewerolo. Zambiri pa izi pansipa.
    M'mawu ena: kuchita chidutswa, kukumana chizindikiro ndi kunyalanyaza izo. Mukakumana ndi mawu akuti "DS" - yambani kusewera ndi chizindikiro .
    Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, mawu oti "DS" samangokakamiza kuyambitsa kubwereza (pitani pachizindikiro), komanso akuwonetsa momwe mungachitire:
- mawu oti "DS al Fine" amatanthauza izi: 
- mawu akuti "DS al Coda" amakakamiza kubwereranso pachikwangwanicho ndikusewera mpaka mawu oti "Da Coda", kenako pitani ku Coda (yambani kusewera kuchokera pachikwangwani ).
 

Kodi.
    Ichi ndi nyimbo yomaliza. Walembedwa ndi chizindikiro . Lingaliro la "Coda" ndi lalikulu kwambiri, ndi nkhani yosiyana. Monga gawo la phunziro la zolemba za nyimbo, pakadali pano, timangofunika chizindikiro cha code: .

Chitsanzo 1: Kugwiritsa ntchito "DS al Fine".

    Tiyeni tiwone momwe ma beats amayendera.
    Muyeso 1. Muli ndi chizindikiro Segno ( ). Kuyambira pano tiyamba kusewera replay. Komabe, sitinawonepo zizindikiro zobwerezabwereza (mawu akuti “DS…”) (mawuwa adzakhala mu muyeso wachiwiri), kotero ife  nyalanyaza chizindikirocho.
    Komanso muyeso woyamba tikuwona mawu akuti "Da Coda". Zikutanthauza izi: tikamasewera kubwereza, padzakhala kofunikira kusintha kuchokera ku mawuwa kupita ku Koda ( ). Timanyalanyazanso, popeza kubwereza sikunayambe.
    Chifukwa chake, timasewera Bar #1 ngati kuti palibe zizindikiro:

    Bar 2. Kumapeto kwa bar tikuwona mawu akuti "DS al Coda". Zikutanthauza izi: muyenera kuyambitsa kubwereza (kuchokera pachikwangwani ) ndikusewera mpaka mawu akuti "Da Coda", kenako pitani ku Coda ( ).
    Choncho, timasewera Bar No. 2 mokwanira (mtundu wofiira umasonyeza siteji yomwe yangomalizidwa):

…ndipo, potsatira chizindikiro cha “DS al Coda”, timadutsa pachikwangwanicho - ichi ndi Muyeso No. 1:

    Bar 1. Chenjerani: Apa timasewera Bar No. 1 kachiwiri, koma izi ndi kubwereza kale! Popeza tidabwereza mawu oti "DS al Coda", timasewera mpaka malangizo osinthira ku "Da Coda" (kuti tisachulukitse chithunzicho, tifufuta mivi "yakale"):

    Kumapeto kwa Bar No. 1, timakumana ndi mawu akuti "Da Coda" - tiyenera kupita ku Coda ( ):
    Bar 3. Ndipo tsopano timasewera kuchokera pachikwangwani cha Coda ( ) mpaka kumapeto:

    Zotsatira. Chifukwa chake, tili ndi mipiringidzo yotsatirayi: Bar 1, Bar 2, Bar 1, Bar 3.
    Kufotokozera za Coda. Apanso, tiyeni tifotokoze kuti mawu akuti "Coda" ali ndi tanthauzo lakuya kuposa momwe tawonetsera mu chitsanzo. Coda - gawo lomaliza la ntchito. Coda sichimaganiziridwa pamene inu, pogawa ntchito, dziwani kamangidwe kake.
Mu chimango cha nkhaniyi, taganizirani chidule cha zolemba za nyimbo, choncho, sitinakhazikike pa lingaliro la Coda mwatsatanetsatane, koma timagwiritsa ntchito dzina lake lokha: .
 

    Zotsatira.
    Mwaphunzira mawu achidule ofunikira a nyimbo. Kudziwa zimenezi kudzakuthandizani kwambiri m’tsogolo.