Zokongoletsa |

kuchokera. lat. ornamentum - zokongoletsera

Kumveka kwanthawi yayitali, kukongoletsa mtundu waukulu wanyimbo. O. ikuphatikizapo acc. mitundu ya ndime, tyrates, mafanizo, chisomo. Chigawo cha O. chimaphatikizaponso tremolo ndi vibrato. Pafupi ndi izo pali mitundu ina ya unnotated rhythmic. kusintha komwe kumachitika pochita ntchito - rubato, nyimbo ya Lombard, etc. zolemba zosagwirizana (zolemba inégales). Zomalizazi zidagwiritsidwa ntchito mu French. nyimbo za harpsichord zaka 17-18. Kusiyanasiyana kwawo kwakukulu - kuloledwa kutanthauzira. mikhalidwe, kuchita kwa owirikiza khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, zisanu ndi zitatu, kotala mu mfulu, pafupi ndi kamvekedwe ka madontho. O. zambiri za melodic. mzere, umakhutitsa ndi mawu, kumawonjezera kusalala kwa kusintha kwa mawu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Pachiyambi chake ndi chisinthiko cha O. chikugwirizana kwambiri ndi kukonzanso. Kwa nthawi yayitali ku Western Europe. Prof. monophony inali yofala mu nyimbo. Popeza, pankhaniyi, woyimba ndi woimba nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa mwa munthu m'modzi, mikhalidwe yabwino idapangidwa kuti pakhale chitukuko cholemera cha luso lazokongoletsa zosinthika zomwe zimaphimba nyimbo zanyimbo. mzere wonse kapena mu zolengedwa. zidutswa. Kukongoletsa kwanyimbo kotereku kumatchedwa. mfulu O. Imakhala ndi malo ofunikira muzolemba zakale zosakwanira zosakwanira. zikhalidwe za anthu omwe si a ku Ulaya. Mitundu yayikulu ya O. yaulere, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ku Western Europe yakale. nyimbo, kuchepa (3) ndi coloratura. Coloratura imathanso kuphatikiza zokongoletsa zazing'ono, zokhazikika. phokoso, to-rye nthawi zambiri amatchedwa melismas. Arpeggios ingathenso kutchulidwa kuti melismas, yomwe, mosiyana, imatanthawuza angapo. mawu opangira ma chord. Zokongoletsa zimasankhidwa mwapadera. zithunzi kapena zolembedwa muzolemba zazing'ono. Mchitidwe ambiri a mbiri European chitukuko O. - chikhumbo cha malamulo ndi kusunga mosapeŵeka wa zinthu improvisation.

M’zolemba za nyimbo za Byzantine ndi Gregorian, ch. ayi. oyambirira, pamodzi ndi mitundu yayikulu yapadera ya zokongoletsera za neum (mwachitsanzo, quilisms), zomwe sizinafotokozedwe bwino, zimapezeka ndi mabaji anzeru. Kuchuluka kwa O. kunali kosiyana, malinga ndi ofufuza ambiri, achi Russia ena. kondakar kuimba (onaninso Fita).

Ku Western Europe. (makamaka Italian-Spanish) polygoal. wok. nyimbo zakumapeto kwa Middle Ages ndi Renaissance (motets, madrigals, etc.) monga zowonjezera. element kuchita. art-va njira yochepetsera yalandira chitukuko chachikulu. Anapanganso imodzi mwazolemba zamapangidwe. maziko a instr. Mitundu monga prelude, ricercar, toccata, zongopeka. Dep. mawu ocheperako pang'onopang'ono adasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana aufulu wa kulankhula, choyamba pamapeto a nyimbo. zomanga (mu ziganizo). Kuzungulira ser. 15 ndi c. mwa iye. org. chojambula chinawonekera choyamba. mabaji olembera zokongoletsa. K ser. Zaka za zana la 16 zidayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri - pakuwonongeka. zosiyanasiyana ndi zolumikizira - morden, trill, gruppetto, to-rye akadali pakati pa zazikulu. instr. zodzikongoletsera. Mwachiwonekere, iwo anapangidwa mchitidwe wa instr. ntchito.

Kuchokera pa 2nd floor. Zaka za m'ma 16 zaulere O. adapanga hl. ayi. ku Italy, makamaka mu nyimbo zina. kulemera kwa wok solo. nyimbo, komanso violinist yokokera ku virtuosity. nyimbo. Pa nthawi imeneyo mu violin. nyimbo sizinapezebe kugwiritsa ntchito vibrato, zomwe zimamveketsa maphokoso otalikirapo, ndipo kukongoletsa kokongola kwa nyimboyo kudalowa m'malo mwake. Zokongoletsera za Melismatic (zokongoletsa, ma agréments) zinalandira chitukuko chapadera mu luso la French. lutenists ndi azeze a m'zaka za m'ma 17 ndi 18, amene anali kudalira khalidwe pa kuvina. Mitundu yomwe ili ndi masitayilo apamwamba. Mu nyimbo zachi French panali kugwirizana kwapafupi instr. mapangano ndi wok dziko. mawu (otchedwa airs de cour), omwenso anali odzaza ndi mavinidwe. pulasitiki. Namwali achingerezi (chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 16), omwe amakonda nyimbo za nyimbo ndi kusiyanasiyana kwake. chitukuko, m'munda wa O. kwambiri kukokera kwa njira kuchepetsa. Ndi ochepa chabe omwe ali ndi melismatic. zithunzi zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anamwali sizingadziwike molondola. Ku Austrian clavier art-ve, yomwe idayamba kukula kwambiri kuyambira pakati. M'zaka za zana la 17, mpaka JS Bach, kuphatikiza, kukokera ku Italy. zochepa ndi French. mitundu ya melismatic. Pa oimba aku France a m'zaka za zana la 17 ndi 18. kunakhala chizolowezi kutsagana ndi magulu amasewera okhala ndi matebulo a zokongoletsera. Gome lowoneka bwino kwambiri (lokhala ndi mitundu 29 ya melismas) lidatsogozedwa ndi Harpsichord yolembedwa ndi JA d'Anglebert (1689); ngakhale matebulo amtunduwu amapezeka kuti ndi osafunika. kusiyana, iwo asanduka mtundu wa zilankhulo wamba. zolemba zodzikongoletsera. Makamaka, patebulo lolembedwa ndi Bach ku "Clavier Book for Wilhelm Friedemann Bach" (1720), zambiri zidabwerekedwa kuchokera ku d'Anglebert.

Kunyamuka kwa ufulu O. kupita ku zodzikongoletsera zoyendetsedwa pakati pa French. woyimba harpsichord adayikidwa mu orc. nyimbo ndi JB Lully. Komabe, French malamulo a zodzikongoletsera si okhwima mwamtheradi, chifukwa ngakhale tebulo mwatsatanetsatane limasonyeza kumasulira kwawo yeniyeni ntchito wamba. Zopotoka zazing'ono zimaloledwa, zogwirizana ndi zochitika zenizeni za mus. nsalu. Amadalira suti ndi kukoma kwa wojambulayo, komanso m'mabuku omwe ali ndi zolemba zolembedwa - pa stylistic. chidziwitso, mfundo ndi kukoma kwa akonzi. Kupatuka kofananako nkosapeŵeka pakuchita masewero a zounikira za ku France. harpsichordism ya P. Couperin, yemwe analimbikira kufuna kukhazikitsidwa ndendende kwa malamulo ake ofotokozera zodzikongoletsera. Franz. Zinalinso zachilendo kwa oimba a harpsichord kutenga zokongoletsera zochepa pansi pa ulamuliro wa wolemba, zomwe adalemba, makamaka, mosiyana. Zobwerezedwa.

Kuti con. Zaka za m'ma 17, pamene oimba zeze achifalansa akhala okonda kwambiri zokongoletsa m'munda mwawo, zokongoletsera monga trill ndi grace note, pamodzi ndi nyimbo. ntchito, iwo anayamba kuchita harmonic watsopano. ntchito, kupanga ndi kukulitsa dissonance pa downbeat wa bar. JS Bach, monga D. Scarlatti, nthawi zambiri ankalemba zokongoletsa zosagwirizana kwambiri. nyimbo (onani, mwachitsanzo, Gawo II la Concerto ya ku Italy). Izi zinapangitsa IA Sheiba kukhulupirira kuti potero, Bach amachotsa ntchito zake. "kukongola kwa mgwirizano", chifukwa olemba panthawiyo ankakonda kulemba zokongoletsa zonse ndi zithunzi kapena zolemba zazing'ono, kotero kuti zikhale zojambula. zolembedwa momveka bwino analankhula mogwirizana. euphony wa nyimbo zazikulu.

F. Couperin ali ndi Chifalansa choyengedwa bwino. kalembedwe ka harpsichord kanafika pachimake. M'masewera okhwima a JF Rameau, chikhumbo chinawululidwa kuti chipite kupyola malire a kulingalira kwa chipinda, kulimbikitsa mphamvu zogwira ntchito zachitukuko, kuziyika pa nyimbo. kulemba zikwapu zodzikongoletsera zokulirapo, makamaka, mwa mawonekedwe amtundu wakumbuyo. mafanizo. Chifukwa chake chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito zokongoletsa pang'ono ku Rameau, komanso ku French pambuyo pake. mwachitsanzo, akatswiri a harpsichordists. ku J. Dufly. Komabe, mu 3 kotala. Zaka za m'ma 18 O. zafika pachimake pakupanga. Zogwirizana ndi machitidwe a sentimentalist. Woimira wotchuka wa lusoli. Kuwongolera mu nyimbo kunapangidwa ndi FE Bach, mlembi wa nkhaniyo "Zomwe adakumana nazo panjira yolondola yosewera clavier", momwe adamvera kwambiri mafunso a O.

Kuphukira kwapamwamba kotsatira kwa Viennese classicism, mogwirizana ndi kukongola kwatsopano. Zolinga zake, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti O. Agwiritse ntchito molimbika komanso pang'onopang'ono, komabe, anapitirizabe kukhala ndi gawo lalikulu pa ntchito ya J. Haydn, WA ​​Mozart ndi L. Beethoven wamng'ono. Free O. anakhalabe ku Ulaya. mtsogoleri wa nyimbo. m'munda wa kusintha, virtuoso conc. cadenzas ndi wok. coloratura. Chotsatiracho chikuwonekera mu chikondi. fp. nyimbo 1st floor. Zaka za zana la 19 (makamaka mitundu yoyambirira ndi F. Chopin). Panthawi imodzimodziyo, phokoso la dissonant la melismas linaperekedwa kwa consonant; makamaka, trill anayamba preim. osati ndi chothandizira, koma ndi chachikulu. phokoso, nthawi zambiri ndi mapangidwe a kunja-kugunda. Izi harmonic ndi rhythmic. kufewetsa O. kusiyana ndi kuwonjezereka kwa dissonance kwa nyimbo zomwezo. Kukula komwe sikunachitikepo kwa harmonica kunakhala chikhalidwe cha oimba achikondi. mbiri yophiphiritsa mu fp. nyimbo ndi coloristic lonse. kugwiritsa ntchito pedalization, komanso mafanizo amtundu wa timbre. ma invoice mu orc. zigoli. Mu 2nd floor. M'zaka za zana la 19 O. mtengo watsika. M'zaka za zana la 20 ntchito ya O. yaulere idawonjezekanso pokhudzana ndi kulimbikitsa kukonzanso. inayamba m’mbali zina za nyimbo. mwachitsanzo. mu nyimbo za jazz. Pali yaikulu methodological-theoretical. Zolemba pamavuto a O. Zimapangidwa ndi kuyesa kosatopa kumveketsa bwino zochitika za O., "kukana" izi pakukonzanso kwawo. chilengedwe. Zambiri zomwe olemba mabukuwa akuwonetsa kuti ndi malamulo okhwima ofotokozera, kwenikweni, amakhala malingaliro ochepa chabe.

Zothandizira: Yurovsky A., (Mawu Oyambirira), mu ed.: Nyimbo za harpsichord za ku France. Loweruka. 1, M., 1935; ake, Philipp Emmanuel Bach, mbiri yake, ntchito ya piyano ndi dongosolo lokongoletsa (chiyambi. nkhani, ed.: Bach K. F. E., Sankhani. Kupsompsona. pa fp,m. - L., 1947); Druskin M., Clavier nyimbo za ku Spain, England, Netherlands, France, Italy, Germany za zaka za m’ma 1960-1974, L., 1916; Roshchina L., Ndemanga, mu ed.: Nyimbo za harpsichord za ku France za piyano, M., XNUMX; Sauperin F., L'art de toucher le clavecin, P., XNUMX (rus. pa. - Couperin F., Luso loyimba harpsichord, M., 1973); Tartini G., Traité des argéments de la musique, P., 1771; Wagner E. D., Zokongoletsera Nyimbo, В., 1878; Germer H., Chokongoletsera chanyimbo, Lpz.. 1878; Dannreuther E., Musical ornamentation, v. 1-2, L., 1893-95; его же, Zokongoletsa mu ntchito za J. S. Bach, в кн.: Bach yearbook, 1909; Кuh1о F., Za zokongoletsera zanyimbo mu luso la nyimbo, B. - Charlottenburg, 1896 (dis.); Ehrlich H., Kukongoletsa mu ntchito za piano za Beethoven, Lpz., 1; Kuhn J M., Luso la kukongoletsa mu nyimbo zamawu za m'zaka za m'ma XVI. ndi XVIII. Zaka mazana (1535-1850). Zowonjezera VII zofalitsa za IMG, Lpz., 1902; Lасh R., maphunziro pa mbiri ya chitukuko cha zokongoletsera melopцie, Prague, 1902 (diss.), Lpz., 1913; Gо1dsсhmidt H., Chiphunzitso cha kukongoletsa mawu, В. — Charlottenburg, 1907; Beyschlag A., The Ornamentation of Music, Lpz. 1908; Schenker H., Chothandizira pakukongoletsa. Monga chiyambi cha Ph. E. Piyano ya Bach imagwira ntchito kuphatikiza kukongoletsa kwa Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven etc., W., 1903, 1908; Dolmetsch A., Kutanthauzira kwa nyimbo za m'zaka za XVII ndi XVIII, L., 1915, 1946; Arger J., Les agrйments et le rythme, P., 1917; Dunn J P., Zokongoletsera m'mabuku a Frederic Chopin, L., 1921; Вruno1d P., Trait des signes et agrйments eployйs par les clavecinistes franзais des XVIIe et XVIIIe siиcles, Lyon, 1925; Bruck В., Kusintha kwa mawu akuti tempo rubato, Erlangen, 1928 (diss.); Freistedt H., The liquescent notes of Gregorian chant, Freiburg (Switzerland), 1929; Lovelock W., Zokongoletsera ndi zofupikitsa za ofuna mayeso, L., 1933; Ferand E T., Improvisation in Music, Z., 1938; Оttiсh M., Kufunika kwa Zokongoletsera mu Ntchito za Frederic Chopin, В., 1938 (Diss,); Aldrish P. С., Mgwirizano waukulu wa m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri ndi khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu: kafukufuku wokongoletsera nyimbo, (Harvard), 1942 (Diss.); Appia E., The aesthetics of ornamentation in French classical music, "The Score", 1949, No1, Aug.; Fasanо В.., Storia degli abbellimenti musicali dal canto gregoriano a Verdi, Roma, 1949; Ide R., Mitundu yanyimbo zamachitidwe ochepetsa ndikugwiritsanso ntchito kale mpaka mpaka J. S. Bach, Marburg, 1951 (Dis.); Beer R., Zokongoletsera mu nyimbo zakale za kiyibodi, "MR", 1952, v. 13; Emery W., zokongoletsera za Bach, L., 1953; Schmitz H. P., luso la zokongoletsera mu 18. Century, Kassel, 1955; Steglich В., Kukongoletsedwa mu nyimbo W. A. Mozarts, в кн.: Mozart-Yearbook., Salzb., 1955; Georgii W., The Ornaments in music, theory and practice, Z. - Freiburg - В., 1957; Hall J., Hall M. V., chisomo cha Handel, mu Händel-Jahrbuch, Bd 3, Lpz., 1957; Bodku E., Kutanthauzira kwa ma keyboard a Bach, Camb. (Misa), 1960; Powell N. W., Ufulu wanyimbo pakuyimba kwa nyimbo zaku France kuyambira 1650 mpaka 1735, Stanford, 1958 (Diss.); Donington R., Kutanthauzira kwa nyimbo zoyambirira, L., (1963); Wiesli W., Das Quilisma im codex 359 der Stifsbibliothek St.

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