Zurab Andzshaparidze |

Zurab Andzshaparidze

Dzina la tenor wodziwika bwino waku Georgia Zurab Anjaparidze lalembedwa m'malembo agolide m'mbiri ya zisudzo za dziko. Mwamwayi, tikukondwerera chaka chamakono cha mbuye wamkulu, mmodzi wa Ajeremani abwino kwambiri ndi Radames a Soviet opera scene, popanda iye - zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zapitazo, wojambula wotchuka anamwalira. Koma kukumbukira "Soviet Franco Corelli" (monga nyuzipepala ya ku Italy inamutcha iye m'nthawi yake) akadali ndi moyo mpaka pano - m'makumbukiro a anzake, okonda talente, m'mawu omvera a Russian, Italy ndi Georgian operas.

Kuyang'ana za tsogolo la munthu wodziwika bwino uyu, mumadabwa ndi kuchuluka kwa zomwe adakwanitsa kuchita m'zaka zake, osati zaka zambiri, ndipo mumamvetsetsa momwe analiri wokangalika, wamphamvu komanso wofunitsitsa. Ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo, mumazindikira kuti pakhoza kukhala zochitika zowonjezereka, maulendo, misonkhano yosangalatsa m'moyo wake, ngati si chifukwa cha kaduka ndi nkhanza zaumunthu, zomwe mwatsoka zinakumana panjira yake kangapo. Anjaparidze, kumbali ina, anali wonyada komanso wodzipereka m'njira ya Caucasus - mwinamwake chifukwa chakuti ngwazi zake zinali zowona mtima komanso zosangalatsa, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo iye mwiniyo anali wovuta kwambiri: sankadziwa kusankha omvera m'maofesi apamwamba. sizinali "zanzeru" zokwanira - "otsutsana ndi omwe amapeza mabwenzi" m'bwalo la zisudzo ... Ndipo, komabe, ntchito yopambana ya woimbayo inachitika, inachitika ngakhale kuti anali ndi zovuta zonse - mwa kulondola, mwa kuyenera.

Ambiri mwa ntchito zake kulenga chikugwirizana ndi Georgia kwawo, kwa chitukuko cha nyimbo chikhalidwe chimene iye anakwanitsa kuchita zambiri. Komabe, mosakayika, chidwi kwambiri, zipatso ndi zofunika kwa wojambula yekha, ndi chikhalidwe nyimbo za dziko lathu wamba wamba, inali nthawi ya ntchito yake mu Moscow, pa Bolshoi Theatre wa USSR.

Mbadwa ya Kutaisi ndi womaliza maphunziro a Tbilisi Conservatory (kalasi ya David Andguladze, mphunzitsi wotchuka, ndipo m'mbuyomu mtsogoleri wamkulu wa Tbilisi Opera) adabwera kudzagonjetsa likulu la Soviet Union, ali ndi katundu wake, kuwonjezera apo. ku mawu okongola ndi maphunziro olimba a mawu, nyengo zisanu ndi ziwiri pa siteji ya Tbilisi Opera House, pomwe panthawiyi Anjaparidze anali ndi mwayi woimba mbali zambiri zotsogola. Zinali maziko abwino kwambiri, chifukwa Tbilisi Opera panthawiyo inali imodzi mwa nyumba zisanu zabwino kwambiri za opera ku USSR, ambuye otchuka akhala akuyimba pa siteji iyi. Kawirikawiri, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti opera ku Tbilisi, ku Georgia, yapeza nthaka yachonde - kupangidwa kwa Italy kumeneku kwakhazikika m'nthaka ya ku Georgia kuyambira pakati pa zaka za m'ma XNUMX, zikomo, choyamba, ku miyambo yozama yoimba yomwe yakhalapo. dziko kuyambira kalekale, ndipo kachiwiri, ntchito za Italy ndi Russian makampani oimba payekha ndi munthu oimba alendo amene mwachangu kulimbikitsa nyimbo zachikale mu Transcaucasus.

The zisudzo woyamba m'dzikoli kumapeto kwa zaka makumi asanu ankafunika kwambiri ndi maudindo ochititsa chidwi ndi mezzo-khalidwe. Nkhondo itangotha, Nikolai Ozerov, womasulira waluntha wa nyimbo ndi sewero lochititsa chidwi, anasiya siteji. Mu 1954, woimba kwa nthawi yaitali wa zigawo zamagazi kwambiri, Nikandr Khanaev, anaimba kwa nthawi yotsiriza Herman wake. Mu 1957, Georgy Nelepp wotchuka adamwalira mwadzidzidzi, yemwe panthawiyo anali pachimake cha mphamvu zake za kulenga ndipo mwachibadwa anajambula gawo la mkango wa repertoire ya zisudzo. Ndipo ngakhale gulu la tenor linaphatikizapo ambuye odziwika monga, mwachitsanzo, Gregory Bolshakov kapena Vladimir Ivanovsky, mosakayikira anafunikira kulimbikitsidwa.

Atafika ku zisudzo mu 1959, Anjaparidze anakhalabe "nambala wani" ku Bolshoi mpaka pamene anachoka mu 1970. Liwu lokongola modabwitsa, mawonekedwe owala, mlengalenga wamoto - zonsezi sizinangomulimbikitsa kuti apite patsogolo. poyamba, koma anamupanga iye yekha ndi inimitable wolamulira wa tenor Olympus. Anadziunjikira mofunitsitsa ndi otsogolera zisudzo mu zisudzo zofunika kwambiri ndi zofunika kwa woimba aliyense - Carmen, Aida, Rigoletto, La Traviata, Boris Godunov, Iolanthe. Adatenga nawo gawo pamasewera ofunikira kwambiri azaka zimenezo, monga Faust, Don Carlos kapena The Queen of Spades. Othandizana nawo nthawi zonse pa siteji ya Moscow ndi oimba akuluakulu a ku Russia, komanso atangoyamba kumene ntchito za anzawo - Irina Arkhipov, Galina Vishnevskaya, Tamara Milashkina. Monga kuyenerana ndi woimba waudindo woyamba (kaya izi ndizabwino kapena zoyipa ndi funso lalikulu, koma njira imodzi kapena ina mchitidwe woterewu ulipo m'maiko ambiri), Anjaparidze adayimba makamaka zisudzo zamtundu wa Italy ndi Russian repertoire - ndiko kuti, the otchuka kwambiri, ntchito zamabokosi. Komabe, zikuwoneka kuti kusankha koteroko sikunapangidwe kwambiri chifukwa cha mwayi komanso osati chifukwa cha zochitika zomwe zilipo. Anjaparidze anali wabwino kwambiri pa ngwazi zachikondi - odzipereka, okonda. Kuphatikiza apo, nyimbo ya "Italiya" yoyimba yokha, liwu lachikale m'lingaliro labwino kwambiri la mawuwa, idakonzeratu nyimboyi kwa woimbayo. Chotsogola cha mbiri yake yaku Italy chidadziwika bwino ndi ambiri monga Radamès wochokera ku Verdi's Aida. “Mawu a woimbayo amamveka momasuka komanso mwamphamvu, ponse paŵiri m’magulu oimba aumwini komanso m’magulu otalikirapo. Zambiri zakunja zabwino, chithumwa, umuna, kuwona mtima kwamalingaliro ndizoyenerana bwino ndi chithunzi cha siteji ya munthu, "mizere yotere imatha kuwerengedwa mu ndemanga zazaka zimenezo. Zowonadi, Moscow sinawonepo Radames wanzeru ngati asanachitike kapena pambuyo pa Anjaparidze. Liwu lake lachimuna lokhala ndi mawu omveka bwino, odzaza magazi, onjenjemera apamwamba, komabe, anali ndi mawu omveka bwino, zomwe zimalola woimbayo kupanga chithunzi chamitundumitundu, kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri utoto wamitundu yamawu kuyambira ndakatulo zofewa kupita ku sewero lolemera. . Kuwonjezera pa mfundo yakuti wojambulayo anali wokongola chabe, anali ndi maonekedwe owala, owoneka bwino akumwera, omwe anali oyenerera kwambiri ku fano la Aigupto wokondana kwambiri. Radames wangwiro woteroyo, ndithudi, akugwirizana ndi kupanga kwakukulu kwa Bolshoi Theatre mu 1951, yomwe inali pa siteji yake kwa zaka zoposa makumi atatu (ntchito yotsiriza inachitika mu 1983) ndipo ambiri amaona kuti ndi imodzi mwa zabwino kwambiri. ntchito mu mbiri ya Moscow Opera.

Koma ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya Anjaparidze mu nthawi ya Moscow, yomwe inachititsa kuti adziwike padziko lonse lapansi, inali gawo la Herman kuchokera ku Queen of Spades. Mu 1964, atolankhani aku Italy adalemba kuti: "Zurab Anjaparidze adatulukira ku Milanese Theatre ku Bolshoi Theatre ku La Scala mu 1960. Uyu ndi woyimba yemwe ali ndi mawu amphamvu, omveka bwino komanso omveka bwino, omwe amatha kupereka zovuta kwa oimba olemekezeka kwambiri pamasewero a opera aku Italy. Nchiyani chinamukopa kwambiri mu kutanthauzira kwake kwa ngwazi yotchuka ya Pushkin ndi Tchaikovsky, makamaka, kutali kwambiri ndi njira zachikondi za opera ya ku Italy, kumene cholemba chilichonse, mawu aliwonse oimba amapumira zenizeni za Dostoevsky? Zingatanthauze kuti ngwazi ya ndondomeko yoteroyo imangotsutsana ndi "Italian" Anjaparidze, ndi chinenero cha Russian woimbayo, moona mtima, sicholakwika. ndi wanzeru German, Andzhaparidze anapatsa ngwazi ndi chilakolako Italy ndi chikondi. Zinali zachilendo kuti okonda nyimbo amve mbali iyi osati liwu lachi Russia, koma "Italiya" wapamwamba - khutu lotentha komanso losangalatsa kwa aliyense, mosasamala kanthu za zomwe amaimba. Koma pazifukwa zina, ife, amene amadziwa kumasulira bwino kwambiri mbali imeneyi mu Russia ndi kunja, kupitiriza kudandaula za ntchito imeneyi patapita zaka zambiri. Mwina chifukwa Anjaparidze adatha kupanga ngwazi yake, kuwonjezera pa zabwino zina, osati buku, koma munthu wamoyo weniweni. Simumasiya kudabwa ndi kusweka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimachokera ku mbiri ya vinyl (yolembedwa ndi B. Khaikin) kapena nyimbo ya filimu ya 1990 (yotsogoleredwa ndi R. Tikhomirov). Iwo amanena kuti Placido Domingo posachedwapa, chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XNUMX, pa malangizo a Sergei Leiferkus, Herman anapanga filimu yemweyo, kale lodziwika bwino, kumene ngwazi nyimbo Anjaparidze "ankatsitsimutsidwa" ndi wosapambanitsidwa Oleg Strizhenov (chosowa chosowa). pamene kuswana mu filimuyi - opera ya woimba ndi wosewera wochititsa chidwi sanawononge masewero a ntchitoyo, zomwe, mwachiwonekere, zinakhudza luso la oimba onsewo). Zikuwoneka kuti uyu ndi chitsanzo chabwino, ndipo Mspanya wamkulu adatha kuyamikira chodabwitsa, chamtundu wamtundu wa Chijojiya Herman.

Kuchoka kwa Anjaparidze ku Bolshoi kunali kofulumira. Mu 1970, paulendo wowonera zisudzo ku Paris, malinga ndi malingaliro olakwika a woimbayo - anzawo omwe ali mgululi, malingaliro onyansa adawonekera m'manyuzipepala aku France kuti mawonekedwe a wosewerayo sanagwirizane ndi zithunzi za ngwazi zachinyamata zomwe adalembapo. siteji. Mwachilungamo, ziyenera kunenedwa kuti vuto la kunenepa kwambiri linalipodi, koma zimadziwikanso kuti izi sizinasokoneze maganizo a omvera a chithunzi chomwe woimbayo angakhoze kulenga pa siteji, chifaniziro choterocho kuti ngakhale ngakhale ake. Kunenepa kwambiri, Anjaparidze anali pulasitiki modabwitsa, ndipo anthu ochepa adawona mapaundi ake owonjezera. Komabe, kwa Chijojiya wonyada, kupanda ulemu koteroko kunali kokwanira kusiya kampani yayikulu ya Soviet Opera popanda chisoni ndikubwerera kwawo ku Tbilisi. Pafupifupi zaka makumi atatu, zomwe zidachitika mpaka imfa ya wojambulayo zidawonetsa kuti Anjaparidze ndi Bolshoy adataya mkanganowo. M'malo mwake, chaka cha 1970 chinathetsa ntchito yaifupi yapadziko lonse ya woimbayo, yomwe idayamba bwino kwambiri. The zisudzo anataya tenor kwambiri, yogwira, amphamvu munthu, osati mphwayi mavuto a anthu ena ndi tsogolo. Si chinsinsi kuti oimba Chijojiya, amene pambuyo anaimba pa siteji ya Bolshoi analandira "chiyambi cha moyo" kuchokera Anjaparidze - Makvala Kasrashvili, Zurab Sotkilava ndi panopa "Italian" nduna yaikulu ya Bolshoi Badri Maisuradze.

Kudziko lakwawo, Anjaparidze adayimba kwambiri ku Tbilisi Opera ndi nyimbo zosiyanasiyana, kumvetsera kwambiri zisudzo zapadziko lonse - Abesalom ndi Eteri a Paliashvili, Latavra, Mindia ya Taktakishvili ndi ena. Malinga ndi mwana wake wamkazi, woyimba piyano wotchuka Eteri Anjaparidze, "udindo wa utsogoleri sunamukope kwenikweni, popeza onse omwe anali pansi pake anali mabwenzi ake, ndipo zinali zochititsa manyazi kwa iye "kuwongolera" pakati pa mabwenzi ake. Anjaparidze nayenso anali kuphunzitsa - poyamba monga pulofesa ku Tbilisi Conservatory, ndipo kenako anatsogolera Dipatimenti ya Musical Theatre ku Theatre Institute.

Chikumbutso cha Zurab Anjaparidze chikulemekezedwa kudziko lakwawo kwa woimbayo. Pa chikumbutso chachisanu cha imfa ya wojambulayo, pamanda ake anamangidwa pamanda ake pabwalo la Tbilisi Opera House, pafupi ndi manda a zounikira zina ziwiri za nyimbo za opera za ku Georgia, Zakharia Paliashvili ndi Vano Sarajishvili. Zaka zingapo zapitazo, maziko omwe adatchulidwa pambuyo pake adakhazikitsidwa, motsogozedwa ndi mkazi wamasiye wa woimbayo Manana. Masiku ano ife ku Russia tikukumbukiranso wojambula wamkulu, yemwe kuthandizira kwake kwakukulu ku chikhalidwe cha nyimbo za Chijojiya ndi Chirasha sikunayamikiridwe mokwanira.

A. Matusevich, 2003 (operanews.ru)