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M'lingaliro lalikulu la mawu, kusinthidwa kulikonse kwa malemba a nyimbo za nyimbo, kutsata zolinga zina, mwachitsanzo. chopangidwa. zoimbidwa ndi okonda nyimbo omwe alibe ukadaulo wapamwamba, kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pamaphunziro ndi maphunziro. kuchita, kwa ntchito ya ena mwa zikuchokera ochita, wamakono kupanga. etc. Mpaka cha m'ma 18. O. ankaonedwa ngati chinthu chofanana ndi ntchito ya woimba woyambirira, koma mu nthawi yotsatira, mogwirizana ndi kufunikira kokulirapo kwa munthu kuyambira mu nyimbo, inakhala yachiwiri, yachiwiri. Komabe, O., zomwe siziri zamanja chabe, ndizovomerezeka.

Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kofala kumapezeka ndi O. single-headed. zitsanzo za nyimbo. M'mbuyomu ku Western Europe. nyimbo zinafalitsidwa polyphonic. O. nyimbo za nyimbo za Gregorian; onse polygonal. nyimbo zisanafike zaka za zana la 16 zidapangidwa pamaziko a O. M'zaka za zana la 19 ndi 20. kufunika kwakukulu anapeza O. nar. nyimbo, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa kugwirizanitsa kwawo, koma kwenikweni zimakhala ndi kupanga Nar. nyimbo zotsagana ndi chida china kapena zida zomwe zimapitilira kutsatana kosavuta kwa nyimbo. Nyimbo za She R. zinkachitidwa ndi ambiri. oimba akuluakulu monga J. Haydn, L. Beethoven, J. Brahms, MA Balakirev, NA Rimsky-Korsakov, PI Tchaikovsky, AK Lyadov, ndi ena. zopangidwa ndi nthawi paokha. Mtundu, nthawi zonse ikuchitika ndi akadzidzi. olemba. Milandu yapadera yokonza mutu umodzi. nyimbo - kuwonjezera kutsagana ndi nyimbo zolembedwera solo violin, cello, ndi zina. Zina mwa izo ndi kakonzedwe ka F. Mendelssohn wa violin payekha. chaconne mu d-moll yolembedwa ndi JS Bach ya violin yokhala ndi piyano, yokonzedwa ndi R. Schumann pakupanga kwa violin payekha. sonatas ndi suites ndi JS Bach (kuvomerezeka kwa O. kumatsutsidwa ndi ofufuza ambiri).

O. polygonal. nyimbo, kutsata cholinga cha kusintha kwake kwa oimba ena, omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa. makonzedwe, zolembedwa, ndi pamene mankhwala. okonzedwa kuti aziimba ndi orchestra - orchestration. Zitsanzo zakale kwambiri za O. zotere zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zokometsera za wok. nyimbo za performance instr. zolemba (zaka za m'ma 14 mpaka 15; O. yoyamba yamtunduwu yomwe yafika kwa ife ili mu Chingerezi org. tablature, c. 1330); mchitidwe umenewu unathandiza kwambiri pakupanga instr. nyimbo. Common ndi O. ambiri mitu. op., momwe mapangidwe a oimba amasungidwa. Chotero O. op. chida chimodzi, makamaka pianoforte, nthawi zambiri amatsika ndikuchepetsa malo ovuta mwa iwo kapena, m'malo mwake, kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mfundo za virtuoso; mtundu wotsiriza wa O. umatchedwa nthawi zambiri. zolemba. Olemba zolemba nthawi zambiri amabweretsa zinthu zambiri zomwe zimachokera kwa iwo okha. kulenga munthu payekha. Odziwika bwino a fp. zolemba zomwe zidathandizira kukulitsa kwa FP. ukoma, anali F. Liszt, K. Tausig, F. Busoni, m'munda wa violin. kulembedwa, chopereka cha F. Kreisler ndichofunika kwambiri. Gawo lotsatira ndikutanthauzira - mtundu wa virtuoso free fantasy pamitu ya K.-L. prod.

Op. kwa oimba ambiri, onse oyimba ndi oyimba zida, mpaka opera. Oterowo ali, titero, zochitika za kumvetsetsa kwatsopano kwa ntchitoyo molingana ndi kulenga. kukhazikitsa kwa wolemba O., nthawi zina odziwika bwino wamakono ntchito, mwachitsanzo. O. of the oratorio Acis and Galatea by Handel by VA Mozart, Mussorgsky's opera Boris Godunov ndi NA Rimsky-Korsakov, O. wa opera yemweyo ndi Mussorgsky's opera Khovanshchina ndi DD Shostakovich. Mu USSR, O. wamtunduwu nthawi zambiri amatchedwa. zolemba.

Zothandizira: (Processing of Folk songs), m'buku: History of Russian Soviet Music, vol. 2-4, M., 1959-63.