Ubale wa makiyi |
Kugwirizana kwakukulu - kuyandikira kwa makiyi, omwe amatsimikiziridwa ndi chiwerengero ndi kufunikira kwa zinthu zomwe zimafanana (maphokoso, ma intervals, chords). Dongosolo la tonal limasintha; Choncho, mapangidwe a zinthu za tonality (kukweza phokoso, nthawi, chordal, ndi ntchito) sizikhala zofanana; rt sichinthu chamtheradi komanso chosasinthika. Mfundo ya R. t., yowona pamtundu umodzi wa tonal, ikhoza kukhala yosavomerezeka kwa ina. Kuchuluka kwa R.t. machitidwe m'mbiri ya chiphunzitso cha mgwirizano (AB Marx, E. Prout, H. Riemann, A. Schoenberg, E. Lendvai, P. Hindemith, NA Rimsky-Korsakov, BL Yavorsky, GL Catuar, LM Rudolf, olemba a buku la "brigade textbook" IV Sposobin ndi AF Mutli, OL ndi SS Skrebkovs, Yu. N. Tyulin ndi NG Privano, RS Taube, MA Iglitsky ndi ena) potsirizira pake akuwonetseratu chitukuko cha tonal system.
Kwa nyimbo zaka 18-19. Zoyenera kwambiri, ngakhale zilibe cholakwa, ndi machitidwe a R. t., omwe ali m'buku la mgwirizano wa NA Rimsky-Korsakov. Matoni oyandikira (kapena omwe ali mu digiri yoyamba ya ubale) ndi awa asanu ndi limodzi, tonic. ma triad to-rykh ali pamasitepe a tonality yopatsidwa (mitundu yachilengedwe ndi ya harmonic). Mwachitsanzo, C-dur imagwirizana kwambiri ndi a-minor, G-dur, e-minor, F-dur, d-minor ndi f-minor. Zina, makiyi akutali ali motsatana mu digiri ya 1 ndi 2 ya ubale. Malinga ndi IV Sposobin, R. t. dongosolo zachokera ngati tonality ndi ogwirizana ndi zimandilimbikitsa wamba wa munthu maganizo. Zotsatira zake, tonality imagawidwa m'magulu atatu: I - diatonic. wachibale, II - wachibale wamkulu-waling'ono, III - chromatic. wachibale, mwachitsanzo. ku C major:
Mu nyimbo zamakono, mapangidwe a tonality asintha; pokhala itataya malire ake akale, yakhala ya munthu payekha m’njira zambiri. Chifukwa chake, machitidwe a R. t., okhudzana ndi zakale, samawonetsa kusiyanasiyana kwa R. t. masiku ano. nyimbo. Conditioned acoustic. ubale wa mawu, ubale wachisanu ndi tertian umasunga kufunikira kwawo masiku ano. mgwirizano. Komabe, nthawi zambiri R. t. zimagwirizanitsidwa makamaka ndi zovuta za harmonics zomwe zimaperekedwa mu kapangidwe ka tonality yopatsidwa. zinthu. Zotsatira zake, maulalo amachitidwe a tonal pafupi kapena mtunda amatha kukhala wosiyana kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ngati, mwachitsanzo, pakuphatikizidwa kwa kiyi h-moll pali zolumikizana V otsika ndi II masitepe otsika (ndi toni zazikulu f ndi c), ndiye chifukwa cha ichi, fungulo la f-moll litha kukhala. yogwirizana kwambiri ndi h-moll (onani 2- th movement ya Shostakovich's 9th symphony). Pamutu wa osaka (Des-dur) kuchokera ku symphony. Nthano za SS Prokofiev "Peter ndi Wolf", chifukwa cha mawonekedwe amunthu payekhapayekha (gawo loyamba lokha ndi "Prokofiev wamkulu" - VII mkulu amaperekedwa momwemo), tonic ndi semitone m'munsi (C-dur) chikukhala choyandikira kwambiri kuposa chikhalidwe chotsogola cha siteji V ( As-dur ), mgwirizano womwe sunawonekere pamutuwu.
Zothandizira: Dolzhansky AN, Pamaziko a nyimbo za Shostakovich, "SM", 1947, No 4, m'gulu: Zolemba za D. Shostakovich, M., 1962; Mytli AF, Pakusintha. Ku funso la chitukuko cha ziphunzitso za NA Rimsky-Korsakov pa mgwirizano wa tonalities, M.-L., 1948; Taube RS, Pa machitidwe a mgwirizano wa tonal, "Zolemba za Sayansi ndi Methodological za Saratov Conservatory", vol. 3, 1959; Slonimsky SM, Prokofiev's Symphonies, M.-L., 1969; Skorik MM, Mode dongosolo la S. Prokofiev, K., 1969; Sposobin IV, Nkhani za mgwirizano, M., 1969; Tiftikidi HP, Theory of one-tertz and tonal chromatic systems, in: Questions of music theory, vol. 2, M., 1970; Mazel LA, Mavuto ogwirizana akale, M., 1972; Iglitsky M., Ubale wa makiyi ndi vuto lopeza mapulani osinthira, mu: Musical Art ndi Science, vol. 2, M., 1973; Rukavishnikov VN, Zowonjezera zina ndi kufotokozera kwa dongosolo la ubale wa tonal wa NA Rimsky-Korsakov ndi njira zomwe zingatheke zachitukuko chake, mu: Questions of Music Theory, vol. 3, M., 1975. Onaninso lit. ku Art. Kugwirizana.
Yu. N. Kholopov
