Sikelo yatsiku ndi tsiku |

Sikelo yamoyo, mawonekedwe a tsiku ndi tsiku, - makina omveka okhala ndi mawonekedwe (mu ma toni) 1-1-1 / 2-1-1-1 / 2-1-1-1 / 2-1-1, yomwe imapanga maziko a Rus. . M'zaka za zana. nyimbo. Dzinali limachokera ku "Obikhod" - mndandanda wa nyimbo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita zachipembedzo. O. h. Makhalidwe a Quart:

Ma trichords mkati mwa quart iliyonse amatchedwa. "kuvomereza". Ngati mu octave ya ku Ulaya (= 8) ili ndi masitepe asanu ndi awiri (8-1), ndiye kuti mu tetrachord ("mu quart") pali atatu (4-1). Zigwirizano zonse zimakhala ndi nthawi yofanana (mu ma toni: 1-1). Mgwirizano uliwonse uli ndi dzina lake ("losavuta", "zachisoni", "lowala", "losweka"). Chikhalidwe cha quartic cha kapangidwe kake chimawonekeranso mu dongosolo la mayina a masitepe, pamene masitepe obwerezabwereza (ie, omveka ngati nyimbo imodzi) amalekanitsidwa ndi wina ndi mzake ndi chachinayi (kuwerengera kuchokera ku concordances ziwiri zapakati mpaka m'mphepete mwa sikelo). Mu kapangidwe ka O. h. pali zinthu zofananira ndi kapangidwe ka Chigriki china. "dongosolo langwiro". O.h. imathanso kuganiziridwa ngati kuphatikiza kwa ma tetrachords akuluakulu, ma pentachords, ma hexachords pamtunda wachinayi. Zodziwika bwino za O. z. - kuthekera kwa nthawi ya octave yochepetsedwa pakati pa masitepe C ("tsa") ndi M ("wakuda ndi crest"), komanso, mkati mwa dongosolo lomwelo, popanda kusinthasintha kapena kupatuka (zogwirizana mkati mwa dongosolo la O. z. ali ndi tanthauzo lofanana ndi tetrachords yapansi ndi yapamwamba mkati mwa dongosolo la Ionian mode).

Zitsanzo za O. z. sitikupeza mu mpingo mokha. nyimbo, komanso nyimbo zamtundu (nyimbo ya ku Russia "Young Molodka, Molodka" kuchokera kumagulu a MA Balakirev, onani chitsanzo mu Art. Sound system).

Monga chiwonetsero cha chimodzi kapena chimzake, amapezekanso pakati pa olemba achi Russia. masukulu (NA Rimsky-Korsakov, solo yachitatu ya dikoni kuchokera pachiwonetsero chachiwiri cha opera The Night Before Christmas).

M'mikhalidwe ya polyphony (makamaka muzochita za olemba), O. z. amapeza tanthawuzo la kudandaula komwe kuli kodabwitsa kwambiri mumtundu, chord to-rogo imaphatikizapo zomveka zomwe sizikumveka bwino kuchokera kumadera akumadzulo. zazikulu-zing'onozing'ono (chitsanzo cha ces-moll mu chitsanzo chotsatira).

Nthawi zina O. amagwiritsa ntchito h. zimagwirizana ndi kusinthasintha kwa mamvekedwe, mofanana ndi zokhotakhota, kapena zimayambitsa kupatuka komweko (nthawi zambiri m'nyimbo za ku Russia zovina, kutengera ndondomeko ya STDT; mwachitsanzo "Russian Dance" kuchokera ku ballet ya A. Khachaturian "Gayane"). Mu nyimbo zamakono amagwiritsanso ntchito chord ndi octave yochepetsedwa.

Ngati Stravinsky. "Kasupe wopatulika". "Kupemphera kwa Makolo Akale".

O.h. limapezekanso m’nyimbo za anthu amitundu ina (mwachitsanzo, pakati pa Akigizi). Mofanana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya Mixolydian mumayendedwe azaka za 16th-17th. (pomwe subsemitonium modilis idawonjezedwa ku sikelo yayikulu f1 – e1 – d1 – c 1 – h – a – g kuchokera pansi). Mawonekedwe a O. z. m'nthawi zosiyanasiyana komanso mu ethnographic yosagwirizana. magulu akufotokozedwa ndi mfundo yakuti kapangidwe ka O. z. imawonetsa imodzi mwamapangidwe amitundu ina ya nyimbo. frets - chizolowezi cha masitepe a kaundula wapamwamba kuti achepe, ndipo otsika - achuluke, makamaka pamene fret scale imakhala ndi nyimbo zochepetsetsa. zigawo.

Zothandizira: Razumovsky D., Kuyimba kwa Tchalitchi, ku Russia ..., ayi. 1-3, M., 1867-69; Findeizen N., Essays on the History of Music in Russia, vol. 1, M., 1928; Belyaev V., zolemba zakale za nyimbo zaku Russia, M., 1962; Sposobin I., Nkhani za mgwirizano, M., 1969.

Yu. N. Kholopov