Quarto-fifth bwalo la makiyi

Makiyi a quarto-fifth a makiyi kapena bwalo la gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu ndi njira yoloweza makiyi onse ndi zizindikiro zazikulu zomwe zilimo.

Pamwamba pa bwalo lachisanu ndi chinsinsi cha C chachikulu; motsata wotchi - makiyi akuthwa, ma tonics omwe ali mu gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu kuchokera ku tonic ya C yayikulu yoyambirira; counterclockwise - bwalo la makiyi athyathyathya, omwe amapezekanso mu magawo asanu, koma pansi.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, poyendayenda mozungulira gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu mozungulira ndi fungulo lililonse latsopano, chiwerengero cha zowotcha pang'onopang'ono chimawonjezeka (kuchokera ku chimodzi mpaka zisanu ndi ziwiri), pamene chikuyenda mozungulira, motsatira, kuchokera ku kiyi kupita ku chimzake, chiwerengero cha flats chikuwonjezeka (komanso. kuyambira wani mpaka zisanu ndi ziwiri).

Kodi mu nyimbo muli makiyi angati?

Mu nyimbo, makamaka makiyi 30 amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe theka limodzi ndi lalikulu ndipo theka lina ndi laling'ono. Makiyi akuluakulu ndi ang'onoang'ono amapanga awiriawiri molingana ndi mfundo yongochitika mwangozi mwa iwo azizindikiro zazikulu zakusintha - zakuthwa ndi ma flats. Makiyi okhala ndi zizindikiro zofanana amatchedwa kufanana. Pazonse, pali mitundu 15 ya mafungulo ofanana.

Pa makiyi 30, awiri alibe zizindikiro - izi ndi C zazikulu ndi A zazing'ono. Makiyi 14 ali ndi zokuthwa (kuyambira chimodzi mpaka zisanu ndi ziwiri motsatana ndi zowotcha FA DO SOL RELA MI SI), mwa makiyi 14 awa, asanu ndi awiri adzakhala akuluakulu, ndipo asanu ndi awiri, motsatana, ang'onoang'ono. Makiyi ena a 14 ali ndi ma flats (momwemonso, kuchokera kumodzi mpaka asanu ndi awiri, koma mwa dongosolo la ma flats C MI LA RE SOL DO FA), omwe aliponso asanu ndi awiri akuluakulu ndi asanu ndi awiri ang'onoang'ono.

Gome la makiyi onse omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi oimba pochita, pamodzi ndi zizindikiro zawo, akhoza kutsitsidwa PANO, kusindikizidwa ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pepala lachinyengo.

Kufotokozera: Kodi bwalo la magawo asanu limapangidwa bwanji?

Chachisanu mu ndondomekoyi ndi nthawi yofunika kwambiri. Chifukwa chiyani gawo limodzi mwachisanu? Chifukwa chachisanu ndi thupi (acoustically) njira yachibadwa yosunthira kuchoka ku phokoso lina kupita ku lina, ndipo nthawi yophwekayi inabadwa mwachibadwa.

kotero, makiyi akuthwa amakonzedwa mu magawo asanu mmwamba. Chachisanu choyamba chimamangidwa kuchokera ku "to", ndiko kuti, kuchokera ku tonic ya C yaikulu, kiyi yoyera yopanda zizindikiro. Lachisanu kuchokera ku "do" ndi "do-sol". Izi zikutanthauza kuti cholemba "G" chimakhala choyimira cha kiyi yotsatira mu bwalo lachisanu, chidzakhala chinsinsi cha G chachikulu ndipo chidzakhala ndi chizindikiro chimodzi - F-charp.

Timamanga chachisanu chotsatira kale kuchokera ku phokoso la "sol" - "sol-re", liwu loti "re" ndilo tonic ya tonality yotsatira ya bwalo lachisanu - tonic ya D yaikulu sikelo, momwe muli awiri. zizindikiro - zakuthwa ziwiri (fa ndi kuchita). Ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu omangidwa, tidzalandira makiyi akuthwa atsopano, ndipo chiwerengero cha ziwombankhanga chidzawonjezeka kwambiri mpaka kufika zisanu ndi ziwiri (mpaka masitepe onse akwezedwa).

Chifukwa chake, ngati tipanga magawo asanu, kuyambira "mpaka", ndiye kuti timapeza makiyi otsatirawa: G wamkulu (1 wakuthwa), D wamkulu (2 wakuthwa), A wamkulu (3 wakuthwa), E wamkulu (4 wakuthwa), B wamkulu (5 wakuthwa), F wamkulu (6 wakuthwa), C wakuthwa wamkulu (7 wakuthwa) . Ma tonic angapo ojambulidwa adakhala otambalala kwambiri kotero kuti munthu amayenera kuyamba kujambula mu bass clef ndikumaliza mu treble clef.

Ndondomeko yomwe akuwonjezedwa ndi: FA, DO, SOL, RE, LA, MI, SI. Zowombazo zimasiyanitsidwanso wina ndi mzake ndi nthawi yachisanu changwiro. Izi zikugwirizana ndi izi. Kuthwa kulikonse kwatsopano kumawonekera pamlingo wachisanu ndi chiwiri wa sikelo, tidakambirana za izi m'nkhani yakuti "Momwe mungakumbukire zizindikiro mu makiyi". Momwemonso, ngati ma tonic a makiyi atsopano akuyenda mosalekeza ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu, ndiye kuti masitepe awo achisanu ndi chiwiri akuyendanso kutali ndi wina ndi mnzake ndi gawo limodzi mwachisanu.

Makiyi akuluakulu osanja amapangidwa mwamagawo asanu pansi kuchokera ku”. Mofananamo, ndi kiyi yatsopano iliyonse pali kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha ma flats mu scale. Mitundu ya makiyi a flat ndi motere: F yayikulu (yosanjanja imodzi), B yafulati wamkulu (2), E yafulati wamkulu (3 yafulati), Yafulati wamkulu (4 yafulati), D yafulati wamkulu (5), G wamkulu (6) ndi C-flat zazikulu (7 flats).

Dongosolo la mawonekedwe a ma flats: SI, MI, LA, RE, SALT, DO, FA. Ma Flats, ngati akuthwa, amawonjezedwa mu magawo asanu, okha pansi. Komanso, dongosolo la ma flats ndi lofanana ndi dongosolo la makiyi a nthambi yathyathyathya ya bwalo lachinayi, kuyambira B-flat yaikulu.

Chabwino, tsopano, potsiriza, tiwonetsa makiyi onse, momwe, chifukwa cha kukwanira, tidzawonjezeranso ana ofanana kwa akuluakulu onse.

Mwa njira, bwalo la magawo asanu silingatchulidwe kuti bwalo, koma ndi mtundu wa zozungulira, chifukwa pa siteji inayake. ma tonal ena amadutsana chifukwa chongochitika mwangozi. Kuonjezera apo, bwalo lachisanu silinatsekedwe, likhoza kupitilizidwa ndi makiyi atsopano, ovuta kwambiri omwe ali ndi ngozi ziwiri - zowonongeka kawiri ndi ma flats awiri (makiyi oterowo sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri mu nyimbo). Tidzakambirana za kufananiza tonali padera, koma mtsogolo.

Kodi dzina loti "quarto-quint circle" lachokera kuti?

Mpaka pano, talingalira za kuyenda mozungulira mu magawo asanu okha ndipo sitinatchulepo gawo limodzi mwa anayi. Nanga n’cifukwa ciani ali pano? Chifukwa chiyani dzina lonse lachiwembu limamveka chimodzimodzi ngati "quarto-quint circle"?

Chowonadi ndi chakuti chachinayi ndi kusinthika kwa kagawo kachisanu. Ndipo mitundu yofananira ya ma tonali a bwalo imatha kupezeka ngati simusuntha mu magawo asanu, koma pachinayi.

Mwachitsanzo, makiyi akuthwa akhoza kukonzedwa osati ndi magawo asanu apamwamba, koma ndi magawo anayi okha pansi. Mupeza mzere womwewo:

Makiyi athyathyathya amatha kukonzedwa osati ndi magawo asanu okha pansi, koma ndi magawo anayi m'mwamba. Ndipo kachiwiri zotsatira zidzakhala zofanana:

Makiyi ofanana a Enharmonic

Enharmonism mu nyimbo ndizochitika zomwe zimamveka, koma kusiyana kwawo mu dzina, kalembedwe kapena kutchulidwa. Zofanana za Enharmonic zitha kukhala zolemba zosavuta: mwachitsanzo, C-charp ndi D-flat. Anharmonicity ndi chikhalidwe cha intervals kapena chords. Pankhaniyi, tikhala tikulimbana nazo makiyi ofanana a enharmonic, motero, masikelo a makiyiwa adzagwirizananso ndi mawu.

Monga taonera kale, zoterozo tonality coinciding mu phokoso limapezeka pa mphambano ya lakuthwa ndi lathyathyathya nthambi za bwalo la asanu. Izi ndi makiyi okhala ndi zilembo zambiri - zokhala ndi zisanu, zisanu ndi chimodzi kapena zisanu ndi ziwiri zakuthwa kapena ma flats.

Mafungulo otsatirawa ndi ofanana ndi enharmonic:

• B yayikulu (5 yakuthwa) ndi C yafulati yayikulu (mafura 7)
• Kufanana ndi dzina la G-lakuthwa kakang'ono (5 lakuthwa) ndi A-lathyathyathya yaying'ono (mafura 7);
• F-lakuthwa kwambiri (6 lakuthwa) ndi G-flat yaikulu (6 flats);
• Zofanana nazo, D-lakuthwa pang'ono ndi E-flat yaying'ono yokhala ndi nambala yofanana yazizindikiro;
• C-lakuthwa kwambiri (7 sharps) ndi D-flat yaikulu (5 flats);
• Zofanana ndi zida izi ndi A-lakuthwa pang'ono (komanso zosongoka 7) ndi B-flat zazing'ono (zosanja 5).

Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito bwalo lachisanu la makiyi?

Choyamba, a bwalo lachisanu lingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati pepala losavuta lachinyengo pophunzira makiyi onse ndi zizindikiro zawo.

Chachiwiri, ndi kuzungulira kwachisanu, munthu amatha kudziwa mosavuta kusiyana kwa zizindikiro pakati pa makiyi awiriwo. Kuti muchite izi, ingowerengerani magawo kuchokera pa kiyi yoyambirira kupita ku yomwe tikufanizira nayo.

Mwachitsanzo, pakati pa G wamkulu ndi E wamkulu, kusiyana ndi magawo atatu, motero, malo atatu owerengera. Pakati pa C major ndi A-flat major pali kusiyana kwa ma flats 4.

Kusiyana kwa zizindikiro kumasonyezedwa bwino kwambiri ndi bwalo la magawo asanu, ogawidwa m'magulu. Kuti chithunzi cha bwalo chikhale chophatikizika, makiyi omwe ali mmenemo amatha kulembedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zilembo:

Pomaliza, a kachitatu mu bwalo la magawo asanu, mutha kukhazikitsa nthawi yomweyo "abale apamtima" a kiyi imodzi kapena ina, ndiye kudziwa tonalities wa digiri yoyamba ya ubale. iwo zili m'gawo lofanana ndi kiyi yoyambirira (yofanana) komanso yoyandikana mbali iliyonse.

Mwachitsanzo, kwa G wamkulu, E wamng'ono (m'gawo lomwelo), komanso C wamkulu ndi A wamng'ono (gawo loyandikana nalo kumanzere), D wamkulu ndi B wamng'ono (gawo loyandikana nalo kumanja) adzatengedwa ngati makiyi ogwirizana .

Tidzabwereranso ku phunziro latsatanetsatane la makiyi ogwirizana m'tsogolomu, ndiyeno tidzaphunzira njira zonse ndi zinsinsi za kufufuza kwawo.

Pang'ono ndi mbiri ya kuzungulira kwachisanu

Palibe amene akudziwa nthawi ndi ndani amene kuzungulira kwa magawo asanu kunapangidwa. Koma mafotokozedwe oyambirira a dongosolo lofananalo ali m'mabuku akutali a 1679 - mu "Grammar ya Nyimbo" ya Nikolai Diletsky. Buku lake linali lophunzitsa oimba a tchalitchi. Amatcha bwalo la masikelo akuluakulu "gudumu la nyimbo zosangalatsa", ndi bwalo la masikelo ang'onoang'ono - gudumu la "nyimbo zachisoni". Musikia - mawu awa amamasuliridwa kuti "nyimbo" kuchokera ku Slavic.

Tsopano, ndithudi, ntchitoyi ndi yochititsa chidwi makamaka ngati chipilala cha mbiri yakale ndi chikhalidwe, chiphunzitso cha chiphunzitso chokha sichimakwaniritsa zofunikira zamakono. Komabe, tinganene kuti kuyambira pamenepo, gulu la magawo asanu lakhazikika muzochita zophunzitsira ndipo lalowa pafupifupi m'mabuku onse odziwika bwino a Chirasha okhudza chiphunzitso cha nyimbo.

Okondedwa abwenzi! Ngati mafunso pamutu wa bwalo lachisanu sanadzitope okha, onetsetsani kuti mwawalemba mu ndemanga za nkhaniyi. Posiyana, tikukupemphani kuti mumvetsere nyimbo zabwino. Zikhale lero Chikondi chodziwika bwino cha Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka "Lark" (mavesi a ndakatulo Nikolai Kukolnik). Woimba - Victoria Ivanova.