Mitundu itatu yaing'ono mu nyimbo

Miyeso yaying'ono ili ndi mitundu itatu ikuluikulu: yaying'ono yachilengedwe, yaying'ono ya harmonic, ndi melodic yaying'ono.

Za mawonekedwe amtundu uliwonse wamtunduwu komanso momwe mungawapezere, tikambirana lero.

Zochepa zachilengedwe - zosavuta komanso zokhwima

Zachilengedwe zazing'ono ndi masikelo opangidwa molingana ndi chilinganizo "tone - semitone - 2 tones - semitone - 2 tones". Ichi ndi chiwembu chodziwika bwino cha mapangidwe ang'onoang'ono, ndipo kuti mutenge mwamsanga, ndikwanira kungodziwa zizindikiro zazikulu muchinsinsi chomwe mukufuna. Palibe madigiri osinthidwa mumtundu uwu waung'ono, kotero sipangakhale zizindikiro zosinthika mwangozi mwa izo.

Mwachitsanzo, Wang'ono ndi sikelo yopanda zizindikiro. Chifukwa chake, zachilengedwe A zazing'ono ndizolemba zambiri la, si, chita, re, mi, fa, sol, la. Kapena chitsanzo china, sikelo yaing'ono ya D ili ndi chizindikiro chimodzi - B lathyathyathya, kutanthauza kuti chilengedwe cha D chocheperako ndikusuntha kwa masitepe motsatana kuchokera ku D kupita ku D kupita ku B lathyathyathya. Ngati zizindikiro zomwe zili mu makiyi omwe mukufuna sizikukumbukiridwa nthawi yomweyo, mukhoza kuzizindikira pogwiritsa ntchito bwalo lachisanu, kapena kuyang'ana pa zazikulu zofanana.

Sikelo yaying'ono yachilengedwe imamveka yosavuta, yachisoni komanso yokhwima. Ichi ndichifukwa chake zazing'ono zachilengedwe ndizofala kwambiri m'nyimbo zamatchalitchi zanthawi zakale.

Chitsanzo cha nyimbo mu mode iyi: “Ndikukhala pamwala” - nyimbo yotchuka ya anthu aku Russia, muzojambula pansipa, fungulo lake ndi lachilengedwe E laling'ono.

Harmonic yaying'ono - mtima wa Kum'mawa

Mu harmonic wamng'ono, sitepe yachisanu ndi chiwiri imakwezedwa poyerekeza ndi mawonekedwe achilengedwe a mode. Ngati mwachirengedwe chaching'ono sitepe yachisanu ndi chiwiri inali "choyera", "choyera" cholemba, ndiye chimatuluka mothandizidwa ndi lakuthwa, ngati chinali chophwanyika, ndiye mothandizidwa ndi becar, koma ngati chinali chakuthwa, ndiye kuwonjezereka kwina kwa sitepe kumatheka mothandizidwa ndi kawiri-lakuthwa. Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe amtunduwu nthawi zonse amatha kudziwika ndi mawonekedwe a chizindikiro chimodzi mwangozi.

Mwachitsanzo, mu A wamng'ono yemweyo, sitepe yachisanu ndi chiwiri ndi phokoso la G, mu mawonekedwe a harmonic sikudzakhala G, koma G-lakuthwa. Chitsanzo china: C yaying'ono ndi tonality yokhala ndi ma flat atatu pa kiyi (si, mi ndi la flat), cholemba si-flat chimagwera pa sitepe yachisanu ndi chiwiri, timachikweza ndi becar (si-becar).

Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa gawo lachisanu ndi chiwiri (VII #), mawonekedwe a sikelo amasintha pang'ono. Mtunda wapakati pa masitepe achisanu ndi chimodzi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri umakhala ngati toni imodzi ndi theka. Chiŵerengero ichi chimayambitsa maonekedwe a zowonjezereka zowonjezereka, zomwe sizinalipo kale. Izi zikuphatikizapo, mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezereka kwachiwiri (pakati pa VI ndi VII #) kapena kuwonjezereka kwachisanu (pakati pa III ndi VII #).

Harmonic yaying'ono sikelo imamveka yokhazikika, imakhala ndi kununkhira kwachiarabu chakum'mawa. Komabe, ngakhale izi, ndi Harmonic wamng'ono yemwe amadziwika kwambiri mwa mitundu itatu yaing'ono mu nyimbo za ku Ulaya - classical, folk kapena pop-pop. Ilo liri ndi dzina lake "harmonic" chifukwa limadziwonetsa bwino kwambiri muzolemba, ndiye kuti, mogwirizana.

Chitsanzo cha nyimbo mu mode iyi ndi anthu Russian “Nyimbo ya Nyemba” (kiyi ili mu A yaying'ono, mawonekedwe ake ndi a harmonic, monga mwachisawawa G-wakuthwa amatiuza).

Wolembayo angagwiritse ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana yaing'ono m'buku lomwelo, mwachitsanzo, kusinthanitsa zazing'ono zachilengedwe ndi harmonic, monga momwe Mozart amachitira pamutu waukulu wa mutu wake wotchuka. Ma Symphonies No. 40:

Melodic yaying'ono - yamalingaliro komanso yachikhumbo

Sikelo yaying'ono ya melodic imakhala yosiyana ikasunthidwa mmwamba kapena pansi. Ngati akwera, ndiye kuti masitepe awiri amakwezedwa m'menemo nthawi imodzi - yachisanu ndi chimodzi (VI #) ndi yachisanu ndi chiwiri (VII #). Ngati amasewera kapena kuyimba pansi, ndiye kuti zosinthazi zimathetsedwa, ndipo phokoso laling'ono lachilengedwe limamveka.

Mwachitsanzo, sikelo ya A yaying'ono mumayendedwe okwera a nyimbo idzakhala sikelo ya zolemba izi: la, si, do, re, mi, f-lakuthwa (VI#), sol-sharp (VII#), la. Mukasunthira pansi, zakuthwa izi zitha, kusandulika kukhala G-becar ndi F-becar.

Kapena gamma mu C yaying'ono mumayendedwe okwera nyimbo ndi: C, D, E-flat (ndi fungulo), F, G, A-becar (VI #), B-becar (VII #), C. Back-rased zolemba zidzabwereranso kukhala B-flat ndi A-flat pamene mukusunthira pansi.

Ndi dzina la mtundu waung'ono uwu, n'zoonekeratu kuti cholinga chake chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyimbo zokongola. Popeza kuti nyimbo zazing'ono zimamveka mosiyanasiyana (osati mofanana mmwamba ndi pansi), zimatha kuwonetsera maonekedwe ndi zochitika zowonongeka kwambiri zikawoneka.

Pamene sikelo ikukwera, zomveka zake zinayi zomaliza (mwachitsanzo, mu A zazing'ono - mi, F-sharp, G-sharp, la) zimagwirizana ndi kukula kwa dzina lomwelo (A yaikulu mwathu). Chifukwa chake, amatha kuwonetsa mithunzi yopepuka, zolinga za chiyembekezo, malingaliro ofunda. Kusuntha kosiyana ndi phokoso lachilengedwe kumatenga kuuma kwa zazing'ono zachilengedwe, ndipo, mwinamwake, mtundu wina wa chiwonongeko, kapena mwinamwake linga, chidaliro cha phokoso.

Ndi kukongola kwake ndi kusinthasintha, ndi kuthekera kwake kwakukulu popereka malingaliro, wamng'ono woyimbayo ankakonda kwambiri olemba nyimbo, mwinamwake chifukwa chake amapezeka nthawi zambiri m'zokondana zotchuka ndi nyimbo. Tiyeni titenge nyimboyi monga chitsanzo "Moscow Nights" (nyimbo za V. Solovyov-Sedoy, mawu a M. Matusovsky), pomwe woyimba wachichepere wokhala ndi masitepe okwera amamveka panthawi yomwe woyimbayo akulankhula za momwe amamvera (Mukadadziwa momwe ndimakondera ...):

Tiyeni tichitenso

Choncho, pali mitundu itatu yaing'ono: yoyamba ndi yachilengedwe, yachiwiri ndi yogwirizana, ndipo yachitatu ndi yoimba:

1. Zochepa zachilengedwe zitha kupezeka popanga sikelo pogwiritsa ntchito njira yakuti "tone-semitone-tone-semitone-tone-tone";
2. Mu harmonic wamng'ono, digiri yachisanu ndi chiwiri (VII #) imakwezedwa;
3. M'mawu ang'onoang'ono a melodic, posunthira mmwamba, masitepe achisanu ndi chimodzi ndi asanu ndi awiri (VI # ndi VII #) amakwezedwa, ndipo pamene akubwerera mmbuyo, wamng'ono wachilengedwe akuseweredwa.

Kuti mugwiritse ntchito mutuwu ndikukumbukira momwe sikelo yaying'ono imamvekera mosiyanasiyana, timalimbikitsa kwambiri kuwonera kanema wa Anna Naumova (yimba naye limodzi):

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi

Kuti tilimbikitse mutuwo, tiyeni tichite zolimbitsa thupi zingapo. Ntchito yake ndi iyi: lembani, lankhulani kapena sewera pa piyano masikelo amitundu itatu yamiyeso yaying'ono mu E yaying'ono ndi G yaying'ono.

Tebulo la sikelo yaying'ono

Kwa iwo omwe akupezabe zovuta kuti aganizire nthawi yomweyo masikelo ang'onoang'ono mumitundu itatu, takonzekera tebulo lachidziwitso. Lili ndi dzina la fungulo ndi zilembo zake, chifaniziro cha zilembo zazikulu - zowomba ndi ma flats mu ndalama zoyenerera, komanso amatchula zilembo zosasinthika zomwe zimawoneka mumtundu wa harmonic kapena melodic wa sikelo. Pazonse, makiyi ang'onoang'ono khumi ndi asanu amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nyimbo:

Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito tebulo lotere? Taganizirani mamba a B ang'onoang'ono ndi F ang'onoang'ono monga chitsanzo. Pali zizindikiro ziwiri zazikulu mu B zazing'ono: F-charp ndi C-charp, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kukula kwachilengedwe kwa kiyiyi kudzawoneka motere: B, C-lakuthwa, D, E, F-lakuthwa, G, A, Si. The harmonic B yaying'ono idzaphatikizapo A-lakuthwa. Mu melodic B yaying'ono, masitepe awiri asinthidwa kale - G-lakuthwa ndi A-lakuthwa.

Mu sikelo ya F yaying'ono, monga zikuwonekera patebulo, pali zizindikiro zinayi zazikulu: si, mi, la ndi d-flat. Chifukwa chake mulingo wocheperako wa F ndi: F, G, A-flat, B-flat, C, D-flat, E-flat, F. Mu harmonic F yaying'ono - mi-bekar, monga kuwonjezeka kwa sitepe yachisanu ndi chiwiri. Mu melodic F yaying'ono - D-becar ndi E-becar.

Ndizo zonse pakadali pano! M'nkhani zamtsogolo, muphunzira kuti pali mitundu ina ya masikelo ang'onoang'ono, komanso mitundu itatu yayikulu. Khalani tcheru, lowani nawo gulu lathu la Facebook kuti mukhale odziwa zambiri!