Kutembenuka kwapakati kapena zamatsenga mu maphunziro a solfeggio

Kutembenuza kwa intervals ndiko kusintha kwa kagawo kakang'ono kukhala kena mwa kukonzanso kamvekedwe kapamwamba ndi kapansi. Monga mukudziwira, phokoso lapansi la interval limatchedwa maziko ake, ndipo liwu lapamwamba limatchedwa pamwamba.

Ndipo, ngati mutasinthana pamwamba ndi pansi, kapena, mwa kuyankhula kwina, kungotembenuza nthawiyo mozondoka, ndiye kuti zotsatira zake zidzakhala nthawi yatsopano, yomwe idzakhala kutembenuka kwa nthawi yoyamba, yoyambira nyimbo.

Kodi interval inversions zimachitika bwanji?

Choyamba, tidzasanthula zosinthazo ndi magawo osavuta. Kutembenuka kumachitidwa ndi kusuntha phokoso lapansi, ndiko kuti, m'munsi, pamwamba pa octave yoyera, kapena kusuntha phokoso lapansi la nthawiyo, ndiye kuti, pamwamba, pansi pa octave. Zotsatira zake zidzakhala zofanana. Phokoso limodzi lokha lomwe limasuntha, phokoso lachiwiri limakhalabe m'malo mwake, simuyenera kuligwira.

Mwachitsanzo, tiyeni titenge gawo lalikulu lachitatu la "do-mi" ndikulitembenuza mwanjira iliyonse. Choyamba, timasuntha "kuchita" m'munsi mwa octave, timapeza nthawi ya "mi-do" - yachisanu ndi chimodzi. Ndiye tiyeni tiyesere kuchita zosiyana ndi kusuntha mawu apamwamba "mi" pansi pa octave, chifukwa chake timapezanso "mi-do" yachisanu ndi chimodzi. Pachithunzichi, phokoso lomwe limakhalapo likuwonetseredwa muchikasu, ndipo lomwe limasuntha octave likuwonekera mu lilac.

Chitsanzo china: nthawi ya "re-la" imaperekedwa (ichi ndi chachisanu choyera, popeza pali masitepe asanu pakati pa phokoso, ndipo mtengo wamtengo wapatali ndi matani atatu ndi theka). Tiyeni tiyese kusintha kagawo kakang'ono kameneka. Timasamutsa "re" pamwamba - timapeza "la-re"; kapena timasamutsa "la" pansipa ndikupezanso "la-re". Muzochitika zonsezi, chachisanu choyera chinasandulika kukhala chachinayi choyera.

Mwa njira, mwazochita zosinthira, mutha kubwerera kumayendedwe oyambira. Kotero, "mi-do" yachisanu ndi chimodzi ikhoza kusinthidwa kukhala "do-mi" yachitatu, yomwe tidayamba nayo, koma yachinayi "la-re" ikhoza kutembenuzidwa kukhala "re-la" yachisanu.

Ikuti chiyani? Izi zikuwonetsa kuti pali kulumikizana kwina pakati pa magawo osiyanasiyana, komanso kuti pali awiriawiri amitundu yosinthika. Zosangalatsa izi zidapanga maziko a malamulo a interval inversions.

Malamulo osinthira nthawi

Tikudziwa kuti nthawi iliyonse imakhala ndi miyeso iwiri: kuchuluka ndi mtengo wamtengo wapatali. Yoyamba imasonyezedwa ndi masitepe angati omwe izi kapena izi zimaphimba, zimasonyezedwa ndi nambala, ndipo dzina la nthawiyo limadalira (prima, yachiwiri, yachitatu, ndi ena). Yachiwiri ikuwonetsa matani angati kapena ma semitones omwe ali panthawiyi. Ndipo, chifukwa cha izi, ma intervals ali ndi mayina omveka owonjezera kuchokera ku mawu akuti "oyera", "wamng'ono", "wamkulu", "kuwonjezeka" kapena "kuchepa". Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti magawo onse a kusintha kwa nthawiyo akafika - chizindikiro cha sitepe ndi kamvekedwe.

Pali malamulo awiri okha.

Malamulo 1. Pamene kutembenuzidwa, nthawi zoyera zimakhalabe zoyera, zing'onozing'ono zimasanduka zazikulu, ndipo zazikulu, m'malo mwake, kukhala zazing'ono, zochepetsetsa zimawonjezeka, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimachepetsedwa.

Malamulo 2. Ma prim amasanduka octave, ndi ma octave kukhala ma prim; masekondi amasanduka achisanu ndi chiwiri, ndi asanu ndi awiri kukhala masekondi; wachitatu amakhala wachisanu ndi chimodzi, ndipo wachisanu ndi chimodzi amakhala wachitatu, wachitatu amakhala wachisanu, ndipo wachisanu, motsatana, kukhala wachinayi.

Kuchulukirachulukira kwa ma inverting osavuta ndi ofanana ndi zisanu ndi zinayi. Mwachitsanzo, prima imasonyezedwa ndi nambala 1, octave ndi nambala 8. 1+8=9. Chachiwiri – 2, chachisanu ndi chiwiri – 7, 2+7=9. Chachitatu - 3, chachisanu ndi chimodzi - 6, 3 + 6 = 9. Quarts - 4, zisanu - 5, palimodzi kachiwiri zimakhala 9. Ndipo, ngati mwaiwala mwadzidzidzi yemwe amapita, ndiye ingochotsani chiwerengero cha chiwerengero cha nthawi yomwe mwapatsidwa kuchokera pa zisanu ndi zinayi.

Tiyeni tiwone momwe malamulowa amagwirira ntchito. Nthawi zingapo zimaperekedwa: prima yoyera kuchokera ku D, yachitatu yaying'ono kuchokera ku mi, sekondi yayikulu kuchokera ku C-sharp, yocheperako yachisanu ndi chiwiri kuchokera ku F-sharp, yowonjezera yachinayi kuchokera ku D. Tiyeni tisinthe ndikuwona kusintha.

Kotero, pambuyo pa kutembenuka, prima yoyera yochokera ku D inasandulika kukhala octave yoyera: kotero, mfundo ziwiri zimatsimikiziridwa: choyamba, nthawi zoyera zimakhalabe zoyera ngakhale pambuyo pa kutembenuka, ndipo kachiwiri, prima yakhala octave. Komanso, yachitatu "mi-sol" yaing'ono pambuyo pa kutembenuka inawoneka ngati yaikulu yachisanu ndi chimodzi "sol-mi", yomwe imatsimikiziranso malamulo omwe tapanga kale: yaying'ono inakula kukhala yaikulu, yachitatu inakhala yachisanu ndi chimodzi. Chitsanzo chotsatira: chachiwiri chachikulu "C-charp ndi D-sharp" chinasandulika kukhala chaching'ono chachisanu ndi chiwiri cha phokoso lomwelo (laling'ono - kukhala lalikulu, lachiwiri - kukhala lachisanu ndi chiwiri). Mofananamo muzochitika zina: kuchepetsedwa kumawonjezeka ndipo mosiyana.

Dziyeseni nokha!

Tikukulimbikitsani kuchita pang'ono kuti muphatikize bwino mutuwo.

ZOCHITA: Kupatsidwa mndandanda wa intervals, muyenera kudziwa zimene intervals, ndiye m'maganizo (kapena kulemba, ngati n'kovuta nthawi yomweyo) kuwatembenuzira iwo ndi kunena chimene iwo adzakhala pambuyo kutembenuka.

Imayang'ana ndi ma intervals

Mapiritsi apakati amathanso kutenga nawo mbali pakuyenda. Kumbukirani kuti mipata yomwe ili yotakata kuposa octave, ndiye kuti, nones, decim, undecims, ndi ena, amatchedwa kompositi.

Kuti mupeze kagawo kakang'ono pamene mutembenuzidwa kuchokera kufupipafupi, muyenera kusuntha pamwamba ndi pansi pa nthawi yomweyo. Komanso, maziko ake ndi octave mmwamba, ndipo pamwamba ndi octave pansi.

Mwachitsanzo, tiyeni titenge gawo lalikulu lachitatu la “do-mi”, kusuntha maziko akuti “chita” kukhala octave pamwamba, ndipo pamwamba “mi”, motsatira, kutsitsa octave. Chifukwa cha kusuntha kwapawiri kumeneku, tinali ndi nthawi yotalikirapo "mi-do", yachisanu ndi chimodzi kupyola mu octave, kapena, kunena bwino, kachigawo kakang'ono kachitatu.

Momwemonso, maulendo ena osavuta amatha kusinthidwa kukhala maulendo apawiri, ndipo mosiyana, nthawi yosavuta ingapezeke kuchokera kumagulu apakati ngati pamwamba pake imatsitsidwa ndi octave ndipo maziko ake amakwezedwa.

Ndi malamulo ati amene adzatsatidwe? Kuwerengera kwa magawo awiri osinthika kudzakhala kofanana ndi khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi. Choncho:

• Prima imasanduka quintdecima (1+15=16);
• Sekondi imodzi imasandulika kotaladecimum (2+14=16);
• Wachitatu amadutsa mu decima yachitatu (3+13=16);
• Chigawocho chimakhala duodecima (4 + 12 = 16);
• Quinta amabadwanso mu undecima (5+11=16);
• Sexta imasanduka decima (6+10=16);
• Septima ikuwoneka ngati nona (7+9=16);
• Zinthu izi sizigwira ntchito ndi octave, zimasandulika zokha ndipo nthawi zapawiri sizikugwirizana nazo, ngakhale pali manambala okongola pankhaniyi (8+8=16).

Kugwiritsa ntchito interval inversions

Musaganize kuti kutembenuzidwa kwa intervals, anaphunzira mwatsatanetsatane mu sukulu solfeggio Inde, alibe ntchito zothandiza. M'malo mwake, ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri komanso chofunikira.

Kukula kothandiza kwa ma inversions sikungokhudzana ndi kumvetsetsa momwe nthawi zina zidayambira (inde, mbiriyakale, nthawi zina zidapezeka mwa kutembenuka). M'munda wanthanthi, ma inversions ndiwothandiza kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, kuloweza ma tritones kapena magawo omwe amaphunzira kusukulu yasekondale ndi koleji, kumvetsetsa kapangidwe kazinthu zina.

Ngati titenga gawo la kulenga, ndiye kuti zokopa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga nyimbo, ndipo nthawi zina sitizizindikira. Mwachitsanzo, tamverani kayimbidwe kake kokongola kosonyeza chikondi, kamene kali ndi kamvekedwe ka mawu okwera a magawo atatu ndi asanu ndi limodzi.

Mwa njira, mutha kuyesanso mosavuta kupanga zofanana. Ngakhale titatenga gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu ndi asanu ndi limodzi, mongotsika motsika:

PS Okondedwa abwenzi! Pazimenezi, tikumaliza gawo la lero. Ngati muli ndi mafunso enanso okhudza magawo osinthika, chonde afunseni mu ndemanga za nkhaniyi.

PPS Kuti mutengeko komaliza pamutuwu, tikukupemphani kuti muwone kanema woseketsa kuchokera kwa mphunzitsi wodabwitsa wa solfeggio wamasiku athu ano, Anna Naumova.