Roma sukulu |

Sukulu ya Roma - tchulani njira zopangira zomwe zidachitika ku Roma m'zaka za 16-17.

1) R. mu polyphonic. wok. nyimbo ndi kulenga. sukulu, yopangidwa mu theka lachiwiri. Zaka za zana la 2 motsogozedwa ndi Palestrina. Otsatira ake kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 16 anali JM ndi JB Nanino, F. ndi JF Anerio, F. Soriano. Za R. sh. Khalidwe ndilofala kwambiri pamitundu yauzimu (cappella in polyphonic presentation) - misa, motets. Olemba Achiroma analembanso madrigals. Polyphonic kalembedwe ka sukulu (otchedwa kalembedwe okhwima) ankasiyanitsidwa ndi chiyero, yosalala nyimbo. mizere, consonance, harmonic kuzindikira. anayamba mu polyphonic. kuphatikiza mawu. Kukana melodic. ufulu ndi kutsindika kufotokoza, kuchokera ku chromaticisms, rhythms zovuta, harmonics. kuuma, oimira R. sh. kupanga kupanga. wamtendere wosangalala, wolingalira, wolemekezeka, wodzazidwa ndi malingaliro apamwamba. Izi Op. anakwaniritsa zofunika za matchalitchi a Katolika panthaŵi ya Counter-Reformation. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, adakonzekera, pamodzi ndi mafunde ena a nyimbo zachinyengo. Zaka za zana la 17, kusintha kuchokera ku polyphony kupita ku mgwirizano. M’tsogolomu, R. sh. idasinthidwa kukhala chitsogozo cha maphunziro a tchalitchi. kwaya. nyimbo cappella ndipo anataya tanthauzo.

2) R. mu opera, imodzi mwasukulu zoyamba za opera ku Italy, zomwe zidawonekera mu 20s ndi 30s. Zaka za m'ma 17 mizere iwiri idalongosoledwa momwemo: kuyimba kowoneka bwino kwamtundu wa baroque (kuyambira ndi opera ya The Chain of Adonis yolembedwa ndi D. Mazzocchi, 1626) ndi sewero lachikhalidwe, pafupi ndi commedia dell'arte (Let the Suffering Hope by V. Mazzocchi ndi M. Marazzoli, pa chiwembu chochokera ku Decameron ndi Boccaccio, 1639). Woimira wamkulu wa R. sh. anali kompyuta. S. Landi (sewero yabwino kwambiri - "St. Alexei", ​​1632), mu prod. kwa-rogo ogwirizana pamlingo wina zizolowezi zonse ziwiri. Masewera a Lundy amaphatikiza zochititsa chidwi, ngakhale zomvetsa chisoni. zochitika, khristu. zolimbikitsa, zongopeka komanso moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Chisakanizo chodabwitsa kwambiri cha Khristu. makhalidwe abwino ndi mtundu wa verisimilitude ndi khalidwe la Roma comic opera. mtundu. Chifukwa cha chitukuko cha zisudzo zamtundu (mwachitsanzo, chiwonetsero chachilungamo), zida zatsopano za nyimbo zidawonekera m'masewerawa. stylistics - colloquial, ndi chithandizo chochepa cha harpsichord, recitatives (recitativo secco), nyimbo, nyimbo zamagulu. Panthawi imodzimodziyo mu opera ya ku Roma, udindo wa chiyambi (mawu okhudzidwa kwambiri) unakula. L. Vittori (sewero la abusa Galatea, 1639), M. Rossi (Erminia, 1637) nayenso anaonekera kwambiri pakati pa olemba nyimbo. Kukula kwa zisudzo ku Roma m'zaka za m'ma 17 kunachitika m'malo ovuta ndipo makamaka kumadalira umunthu wa papa wina kapena wina: operatic t-ru mwina adavomerezedwa (Urban VIII Barberini, Clement IX Rospigliosi), kapena adazunzidwa. (apapa Innocent X ndi Innocent XII). Nyumba za T-ditch zinamangidwa kapena kuwonongedwa. Miyambo R. sh. kenako anasamukira ku Venice ndipo anatukuka kuno m'madera ena. mikhalidwe.

Zothandizira: Ademollo A., I teatri di Roma nel secolo decimosettimo, Roma, 1888; Goldschmidt H., Maphunziro mu Mbiri ya Italy Opera mu XVII. Century, Vol 1, Lpz., 1901; Rolland R., L'opera kapena XVII siиcle ku Italie, в кн.: Encyclopйdie de la musique et dictionnaire du Conservatoire… fondateur A. Lavignac, partie I, (v. 2), P., 1913 (рус. пер. — в кн.: Роллан Р., Опера в XVII в. в Италии, Германии, Англии, М., 1931), Ridder L. de, Gawo la Comedia dell'Arte m'mbiri ya chiyambi ndi chitukuko cha comic opera, Cologne, 1970 (Diss.).

TH Solovieva