Samuil Feinberg |

Samuel Feinberg

Zojambula zokongola kuchokera m'buku lowerengedwa, nyimbo zomveka, zithunzi zomwe zawona zimatha kusinthidwa nthawi zonse. Zinthuzo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi inu. Koma mawonetseredwe enieni a kuchita mavumbulutso pang’onopang’ono, m’kupita kwa nthaŵi, akuzimiririka m’chikumbukiro chathu. Ndipo komabe, misonkhano yowoneka bwino kwambiri ndi ambuye odziwika bwino, ndipo koposa zonse, omasulira oyambirira, kwa nthawi yaitali amadula chidziwitso chauzimu cha munthu. Zowoneka ngati izi zikuphatikiza kukumana ndi luso la piano la Feinberg. Malingaliro ake, matanthauzidwe ake sanagwirizane ndi maziko aliwonse, m'malamulo aliwonse; anamva nyimbo m'njira yakeyake - mawu aliwonse, mwa njira yake adazindikira mawonekedwe a ntchitoyo, mawonekedwe ake onse. Izi zikhoza kuwonedwa ngakhale lerolino poyerekezera zojambulidwa za Feinberg ndi kuimba kwa oimba ena akuluakulu.

Ntchito ya konsati ya wojambulayo inatha zaka zoposa makumi anayi. Muscovites anamumvetsera komaliza mu 1956. Ndipo Feinberg adadzitcha yekha wojambula wamkulu kale kumapeto kwa Moscow Conservatory (1911). Wophunzira wa AB Goldenweiser adadziwitsa komiti yoyeserera, kuwonjezera pa pulogalamu yayikulu (Prelude, chorale ndi fugue ya Franck, Concerto Yachitatu ya Rachmaninoff ndi ntchito zina), ma preludes 48 ndi ma fugues a Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier.

Kuyambira pamenepo, Feinberg wapereka mazana oimba. Koma pakati pawo, ntchito pasukulu ya nkhalango ku Sokolniki ili ndi malo apadera. Izo zinachitika mu 1919. VI Lenin anabwera kudzacheza anyamata. Pa pempho lake, Feinberg adasewera Chopin's Prelude mu D flat major. Woimba piyano anakumbukira kuti: “Aliyense amene anasangalala kuchita nawo konsati yaing’ono mmene angathere, sakanachitira mwina koma kusonyezedwa ndi chikondi chodabwitsa ndi chonyezimira cha moyo wa Vladimir Ilyich . . . kwa woimba aliyense, pamene mukuwoneka kuti mukumverera mwakuthupi kuti phokoso lirilonse limapeza yankho lachifundo, lachifundo kuchokera kwa omvera.

Woyimba wodziwika bwino komanso wachikhalidwe chachikulu, Feinberg adasamala kwambiri pakujambula. Zina mwa nyimbo zake ndi ma concertos atatu ndi sonatas khumi ndi ziwiri za limba, tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta mawu zochokera ku ndakatulo za Pushkin, Lermontov, Blok. Zamtengo wapatali mwaluso ndi zolemba za Feinberg, makamaka za ntchito za Bach, zomwe zimaphatikizidwa m'gulu la oimba piyano ambiri. Anapereka mphamvu zambiri ku pedagogy, pokhala pulofesa ku Moscow Conservatory kuyambira 1922. (Mu 1940 adalandira digiri ya Doctor of Arts). Ena mwa ophunzira ake anali ojambula ndi aphunzitsi a konsati I. Aptekarev, N. Emelyanova, V. Merzhanov, V. Petrovskaya, L. Zyuzin, Z. Ignatieva, V. Natanson, A. Sobolev, M. Yeshchenko, L. Roshchina ndi ena . Komabe, iye analowa mbiri ya luso Soviet nyimbo, choyamba, monga mbuye kwambiri wa kuimba limba.

Zoyambira zamalingaliro ndi aluntha zidalumikizana mwanjira yake mumayendedwe ake anyimbo. Pulofesa VA Natanson, wophunzira wa ku Feinberg, akugogomezera kuti: “Katswiri wojambula mwachidwi, ankaona kuti nyimbo n’zofunika kwambiri. Anali ndi maganizo oipa pa "kuwongolera" ndi kutanthauzira mwadala kulikonse, kuzinthu zosadziwika. Iye anaphatikiza kwathunthu intuition ndi luntha. Zida zogwirira ntchito monga mphamvu, agogics, kufotokozera, kupanga mawu nthawi zonse zakhala zomveka bwino. Ngakhale mawu ofufutidwa monga “kuŵerenga lembalo” anakhala ndi tanthauzo: “anawona” nyimbozo modabwitsa. Nthawi zina zinkaoneka kuti anali wopanikiza mkati mwa ntchito imodzi. Luso lake laluso linakokera kuzinthu zambiri za stylistic.

Kuchokera kumbali yotsiriza, repertoire yake, yomwe inapangidwa ndi zigawo zazikulu, ndi khalidwe. Chimodzi mwa zazikulu kwambiri ndi nyimbo za Bach: 48 preludes ndi fugues, komanso nyimbo zambiri zoyambirira za wolemba wamkulu. Ophunzira a Feinberg analemba mu 1960 kuti: “Kachitidwe kake ka Bach n’ngoyenera kuphunzira mwapadera. Pogwiritsa ntchito moyo wake wonse wolenga pa polyphony ya Bach, Feinberg monga wochita masewerawa adapeza zotsatira zapamwamba kwambiri m'derali, zomwe tanthauzo lake, mwinamwake, silinaululidwe mokwanira. M'masewera ake, Feinberg "satsika" mawonekedwe, "sasirira" mwatsatanetsatane. Kumasulira kwake kumachokera ku tanthauzo lenileni la ntchitoyo. Ali ndi luso loumba. Mawu osavuta kumva a woyimba piyano, titero kunena kwake, amajambula. Kugwirizanitsa zigawo zina, kuwonetsera ena, kutsindika pulasitiki ya mawu oimba nyimbo, amakwaniritsa umphumphu wodabwitsa wa ntchito.

Njira ya "cyclical" imatanthawuza momwe Feinberg amaonera Beethoven ndi Scriabin. Chimodzi mwa zochitika zosaiŵalika za moyo wa konsati ku Moscow ndi momwe woimba piyano adayimba nyimbo makumi atatu ndi ziwiri za Beethoven sonatas. Kubwerera ku 1925 adasewera ma sonata onse khumi a Scriabin. Ndipotu, padziko lonse lapansi adadziwa ntchito zazikulu za Chopin, Schumann ndi olemba ena. Ndipo kwa wopeka aliyense amene anaimba, anali wokhoza kupeza mbali yapadera ya kawonedwe kake, nthaŵi zina motsutsana ndi mwambo wovomerezedwa mofala. M'lingaliro limeneli, zomwe ananena AB Goldenweiser ndi zowonetsera: "Sizingatheke nthawi zonse kugwirizana ndi zonse zomwe Feinberg amamasulira: chizolowezi chake chothamanga modabwitsa, chiyambi cha ma caesuras ake - zonsezi nthawi zina zimakhala zotsutsana; komabe, luso lapadera la woyimba piyano, umunthu wake wachilendo, ndi kutchulidwa koyamba kwachifuniro champhamvu kumapangitsa kuyimba kwake kukhala kokhutiritsa ndi kukopa ngakhale womvera wotsutsayo mosadzifunira.”

Feinberg ankaimba mosangalala nyimbo za anthu a m’nthawi yake. Choncho, adayambitsa omvera kuzinthu zosangalatsa za N. Myaskovsky, AN Alexandrov, kwa nthawi yoyamba ku USSR adachita Concerto Yachitatu ya Piano ndi S. Prokofiev; Mwachibadwa, nayenso anali womasulira bwino kwambiri nyimbo zake. Chiyambi cha kuganiza mophiphiritsa komwe kumachokera ku Feinberg sikunapereke wojambulayo pakutanthauzira kwa ma opus amakono. Ndipo piyano ya Feinberg yokha idadziwika ndi mikhalidwe yapadera. Pulofesa AA Nikolaev ananenapo za izi: “Njira za luso la piano la Feinberg zilinso zachilendo – mayendedwe a zala zake, osagunda, komanso ngati akusisita makiyi, kamvekedwe ka chida chowoneka bwino komanso nthawi zina, kusiyanasiyana kwa mawu. kukongola kwa rhythmic pattern.”

… Woyimba piyano nthawi ina anati: “Ndikuganiza kuti wojambula weniweni amakhala ndi cholozera chapadera, chimene amatha kupanga, kupanga chithunzi cha mawu.” Coefficient ya Feinberg inali yaikulu.

Lit. cit.: Pianism ngati luso. - M., 1969; Luso la woyimba piyano. -M., 1978.

Lit.: SE Feinberg. Woyimba piyano. Wopeka. Wofufuza. -M., 1984.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek