Sikelo, octave ndi zolemba

Zomwe muyenera kudziwa musanayambe phunziro:

• Nyimbo zanyimbo.

Sikelo ndi octave

Phokoso lanyimbo limapanga nyimbo zomveka bwino, zomwe zimayambira kutsika kwambiri mpaka kumtunda. Pali mawu asanu ndi awiri oyambira pa sikelo: do, re, mi, fa, salt, la, si. Zomveka zomveka zimatchedwa masitepe.

Masitepe asanu ndi awiri a sikeloyo amapanga octave, pamene mafupipafupi a phokoso mu octave iliyonse yotsatira adzakhala okwera kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa yoyamba, ndipo mawu ofanana amalandira mayina ofanana. Pali ma octaves asanu ndi anayi okha. Octave yomwe ili pakati pa phokoso la nyimbo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poimba imatchedwa First octave, kenako Yachiwiri, kenako yachitatu, yachinayi, ndipo potsiriza yachisanu. Ma octave omwe ali pansi pa oyamba ali ndi mayina: Octave yaing'ono, Yaikulu, Controctave, Subcontroctave. The subcontroctave ndiye octave yotsika kwambiri yomveka. Octave pansi pa Subcontroctave ndi pamwamba pa Fifth Octave sagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nyimbo ndipo alibe mayina.

Malo amalire afupipafupi a ma octave ali ndi zovomerezeka ndipo amasankhidwa m'njira yoti octave iliyonse imayamba ndi sitepe yoyamba (note Do) ya sikelo yofanana ya matani khumi ndi awiri ndi mafupipafupi a sitepe ya 6 (chidziwitso A) cha octave yoyamba idzakhala 440 Hz.

Mafupipafupi a sitepe yoyamba ya octave imodzi ndi sitepe yoyamba ya octave yotsatira (octave interval) idzasiyana nthawi 2. Mwachitsanzo, cholemba A cha octave woyamba ali pafupipafupi 440 hertz, ndi cholemba A cha octave yachiwiri ali pafupipafupi 880 hertz. Phokoso la nyimbo, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimasiyana kawiri, zimawonedwa ndi khutu ngati zofanana kwambiri, monga kubwereza kwa phokoso limodzi, pokhapokha pazitsulo zosiyana (musasokoneze ndi mgwirizano, pamene phokoso limakhala lofanana). Chodabwitsa ichi chimatchedwa octave kufanana kwa mawu .

sikelo zachilengedwe

Kugawidwa kofanana kwa phokoso la sikelo pa semitones kumatchedwa kupsya mtima sikelo kapena sikelo zachilengedwe . Kalekale pakati pa maphokoso awiri oyandikana munjira yotereyi imatchedwa semitone.

Mtunda wa semitones awiri umapanga kamvekedwe kathunthu. Pakati pa mapeyala awiri okha a zolemba palibe kamvekedwe kathunthu, ndi pakati pa mi ndi fa, komanso si ndi do. Chifukwa chake, octave imakhala ndi ma semitone khumi ndi awiri ofanana.

Mayina ndi mayina a mawu

Pa mawu khumi ndi awiri a octave, asanu ndi awiri okha ali ndi mayina awo ( do, re, mi, fa, salt, la, si). Zisanu zotsalazo zili ndi mayina omwe amachokera ku zisanu ndi ziwiri zazikulu, zomwe zilembo zapadera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: # - lakuthwa ndi b - lathyathyathya. Kuthwa kumatanthawuza kuti phokoso liri pamwamba ndi semitone ya phokoso lomwe limamangiriridwa, ndipo lathyathyathya limatanthauza kutsika. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti pakati pa mi ndi fa, komanso pakati pa si ndi c, pali semitone yokha, choncho sipangakhale c flat kapena mi sharp.

Dongosolo lomwe lili pamwambapa la kutchula zolemba za mayina likuyenera kuoneka chifukwa cha nyimbo ya St. John, chifukwa mayina a manotsi asanu ndi limodzi oyamba, masilabi oyamba a mizere ya nyimboyo, yomwe idayimbidwa mu octave yokwera, idatengedwa.

Dongosolo lina lodziwika bwino la zolemba ndi Chilatini: zolemba zimatanthauzidwa ndi zilembo za zilembo za Chilatini C, D, E, F, G, A, H (werengani "ha").

Chonde dziwani kuti cholemba si sichikutchulidwa ndi chilembo B, koma ndi H, ndipo chilembo B chimatanthauza B-flat (ngakhale lamuloli likuphwanyidwa kwambiri m'mabuku a Chingelezi ndi mabuku ena a gitala). Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonjezera lathyathyathya pacholemba, -es amadziwika ndi dzina lake (mwachitsanzo, Ces - C-flat), ndikuwonjezera chakuthwa - ndi. Kupatulapo mayina omwe amatanthauza mavawelo: Monga, Es.

Ku United States ndi ku Hungary, mawu akuti si asinthidwa kukhala ti, kuti asasokonezedwe ndi mawu akuti C (“si”) m’mawu a Chilatini, pamene akuimira cholembedwa kale.