Yakov Izrailevich Zak (Yakov Zak) |

Yakov Zak

"N'zosakayikitsa kuti akuimira woimba wamkulu kwambiri." Mawu amenewa a Adam Wieniawski, tcheyamani wa bwalo lamilandu la Third International Chopin Competition, ananenedwa mu 1937 kwa woimba piyano wazaka 24 wa ku Soviet Yakov Zak. Mkulu wa oimba a ku Poland anawonjezera kuti: “Zak ndi mmodzi wa oimba piyano odabwitsa kwambiri amene ndinamvapo m’moyo wanga wautali.” (Soviet laureates of international music competitions. - M., 1937. P. 125.).

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… Yakov Izrailevich anakumbukira kuti: “Mpikisanowo unafunikira kuyesayesa kopanda umunthu. Kachitidwe komwe kampikisanoko kanakhala kosangalatsa kwambiri (kwapafupipafupi kwa omwe akupikisana nawo pano): mamembala a jury ku Warsaw adayikidwa pabwalo, pafupifupi pafupi ndi okamba. " Zak anali atakhala pa kiyibodi, ndipo kwinakwake pafupi kwambiri ndi iye ("Ndinamva kwenikweni mpweya wawo ...") anali ojambula omwe mayina awo ankadziwika ku dziko lonse la nyimbo - E. Sauer, V. Backhaus, R. Casadesus, E. Frey ndi ena. Atamaliza kusewera, adamva kuwomba m'manja - izi, mosiyana ndi miyambo ndi miyambo, mamembala a jury anawomba m'manja - poyamba sizinkawoneka kuti alibe chochita naye. Zach anapatsidwa mphoto yoyamba ndipo ina, yowonjezera - nkhata yamkuwa ya laurel.

Kupambana pampikisanowo kunali pachimake cha gawo loyamba la mapangidwe a wojambula. Zaka zambiri zogwira ntchito molimbika zinamutsogolera.

Yakov Izrailevich Zak anabadwira ku Odessa. Mphunzitsi wake woyamba anali Maria Mitrofanovna Starkova. (“Woyimba wolimba, woyeneretsedwa kwambiri,” Zach anakumbukira ndi mawu oyamikira, “yemwe ankadziŵa kupatsa ophunzira zimene mofala zimazindikiridwa monga sukulu.”) Mnyamata wamphatsoyo anayenda m’maphunziro ake a piyano ndi masitepe ofulumira ndi ngakhalenso. Mu maphunziro ake munali chipiriro, ndi cholinga, ndi kudziletsa; kuyambira ali mwana anali wolimbikira komanso wolimbikira. Ali ndi zaka 15, adapereka clavierabend yoyamba m'moyo wake, kuyankhula ndi okonda nyimbo za mzinda wake ndi ntchito za Beethoven, Liszt, Chopin, Debussy.

Mu 1932, mnyamatayo analowa sukulu ya Moscow Conservatory ku GG Neuhaus. "Maphunziro ndi Genrikh Gustavovich sanali maphunziro kutanthauzira mwachizolowezi mawu," adatero Zak. "Zinali zinanso: zochitika zaluso. "Anawotcha" ndi kukhudza kwawo ndi china chatsopano, chosadziwika, chosangalatsa ... Ife, ophunzira, tinkawoneka kuti tikulowetsedwa mu kachisi wa malingaliro apamwamba a nyimbo, malingaliro akuya ndi ovuta ... "Zak pafupifupi sanachoke m'kalasi la Neuhaus. Analipo pafupifupi pa phunziro lililonse la pulofesa wake (m’nthaŵi yaifupi kwambiri anadziŵa luso lodzipindulitsa yekha kuchokera ku uphungu ndi malangizo operekedwa kwa ena); anamvetsera mwachidwi masewera a anzake. Mawu ambiri ndi malingaliro a Heinrich Gustavovich adalembedwa ndi iye mu kope lapadera.

Mu 1933-1934, Neuhaus anadwala kwambiri. Kwa miyezi ingapo Zak anaphunzira m'kalasi Konstantin Nikolaevich Igumnov. Zambiri apa zinkawoneka mosiyana, ngakhale kuti sizinali zosangalatsa komanso zosangalatsa. "Igumnov anali ndi khalidwe lodabwitsa, losowa kwambiri: adatha kujambula ndikuyang'ana kamodzi kokha mawonekedwe a nyimbo zonse ndipo nthawi yomweyo adawona mbali iliyonse, "selo" iliyonse. Ndi anthu ochepa omwe ankakonda ndipo, chofunika kwambiri, ankadziwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito ndi wophunzira pa tsatanetsatane wa machitidwe, makamaka, monga iye. Ndipo ndi zinthu zofunika, zofunika chotani nanga zimene iye anakhoza kunena, izo zinachitika, mu malo opapatiza mu miyeso yochepa chabe! Nthawi zina mumayang'ana, kwa ola limodzi ndi theka kapena awiri a phunzirolo, masamba angapo adutsa. Ndipo ntchitoyo, ngati impso pansi pa dzuwa la masika, yodzazidwa ndi madzi ... "

Mu 1935, Zak adatenga nawo gawo mu mpikisano wachiwiri wa All-Union of Performing Oimba, kutenga malo achitatu pa mpikisano uwu. Ndipo patapita zaka ziwiri, kupambana Warsaw, amene tafotokozazi. Kupambana mu likulu la Poland kunakhala kosangalatsa kwambiri chifukwa, madzulo a mpikisanowo, wopikisana naye sanadzione kuti ndi mmodzi mwa okondedwa mu kuya kwa moyo wake. Ochepa kwambiri sachedwa kuchulukitsitsa luso lake, wochenjera kwambiri ndi wanzeru kuposa wodzikuza, iye wakhala akukonzekera mpikisano kwa nthawi yaitali pafupifupi mochenjera. “Poyamba ndinaganiza kuti ndisalole aliyense kuti andifotokozere zimene ndinakonza. Ndinaphunzitsa pulogalamuyi kwathunthu ndekha. Kenako anayesetsa kusonyeza Genrikh Gustavovich. Nthawi zambiri amavomereza. Anayamba kundithandiza kukonzekera ulendo wopita ku Warsaw. Izi, mwina, ndizo zonse. ”…

Kupambana pa mpikisano wa Chopin kunabweretsa Zak patsogolo pa piyano ya Soviet. Atolankhani anayamba kunena za iye; panali chiyembekezo chokopa cha maulendo. Zimadziwika kuti palibe mayeso ovuta komanso ovuta kuposa mayeso a ulemerero. Zak wachichepere adapulumukanso. Ulemu sunasokoneze maganizo ake omveka bwino, sunasokoneze chifuniro chake, sunawononge khalidwe lake. Warsaw inangokhala imodzi mwamasamba omwe adatembenuzidwa mu mbiri yake ya wantchito wamakani, wosatopa.

Gawo latsopano la ntchito linayambika, ndipo palibenso china. Zak panthawiyi amaphunzitsa zambiri, amabweretsa maziko okulirapo komanso olimba a nyimbo yake ya konsati. Pamene akulemekeza kasewero kake, amapanga kachitidwe kake, kachitidwe kake. Kutsutsa nyimbo za makumi atatu mwa munthu wa A. Alschwang akuti: "I. Zach ndi woyimba piyano wolimba, wokhazikika, wokhoza; kachitidwe kake sikozolowera kukulitsa zakunja, kuwonetseredwa kwachiwawa kwa kupsa mtima, kukhudzika, zokonda zosadziletsa. Uyu ndi wojambula wanzeru, wochenjera komanso wosamala. " (Alshwang A. Soviet Schools of Pianoism: Essay on the Second // Soviet Music. 1938. No. 12. P. 66.).

Chidwi chimakokedwa pakusankha matanthauzo: “olimba, olinganiza, okwanira. Wochenjera, wochenjera, wosamala…” Chithunzi chojambula cha Zach wazaka 25 chinapangidwa, chomwe ndi chosavuta kuwona, momveka bwino komanso motsimikizika. Tiyeni tiwonjeze - ndi chomaliza.

M'zaka za makumi asanu ndi makumi asanu ndi limodzi, Zak anali mmodzi wa oimira odziwika komanso ovomerezeka a ntchito ya piano ya Soviet. Amapita yekha muzojambula, ali ndi nkhope yosiyana, yokumbukiridwa bwino. Nkhope ndi chiyani okhwima, kwathunthu atakhazikitsidwa ambuye?

Iye anali ndipo akadali woimba amene mwachizolowezi amaikidwa m’gulu la “anzeru” m’gulu linalake la msonkhano. Pali akatswiri ojambula omwe mawonekedwe awo opanga amadzutsidwa makamaka ndi malingaliro amwayi, modzidzimutsa, makamaka mopupuluma. Kumlingo wina, Zach ndiye antipode yawo: zolankhula zake nthawi zonse zimaganiziridwa bwino pasadakhale, zowunikiridwa ndi kuwala kwa malingaliro owonera patali komanso ozindikira mwaluso. Kulondola, kutsimikizika, kusasinthika kosasinthika kwa kutanthauzira zolinga - komanso piyano yake incarnations ndi chizindikiro cha luso la Zach. Inu mukhoza kunena - mwambi wa luso limeneli. "Zolinga zake zogwirira ntchito ndizodalirika, zojambulidwa, zomveka ..." (Grimikh K. Concerts ya oimba piyano omaliza maphunziro a Moscow Conservatory // Sov. Music. 1933. No. 3. P. 163.). Mawu amenewa ananenedwa ponena za woimbayo mu 1933; ndi chifukwa chofanana - ngati sichoncho - atha kubwerezedwa zaka khumi, ndi makumi awiri, ndi makumi atatu pambuyo pake. Momwe Zach amaganizira mwaluso zidamupangitsa kuti asakhale wolemba ndakatulo kwambiri ngati womanga waluso pakuyimba. Iye “anazindanitsa” kwambiri zinthuzo, zomangira zake zinali zogwirizana nthawi zonse komanso zolondola mosalakwitsa powerengera. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake woyimba piyano adapambana pomwe ambiri, komanso odziwika bwino, a anzake adalephera, mu Concerto Yachiwiri ya Brahms, Sonata, op. 106 Beethoven, mu kuzungulira kovuta kwambiri kwa wolemba yemweyo, Makumi atatu ndi atatu Variations pa Waltz wolemba Diabelli?

Zak wojambula sanangoganiza mwachilendo komanso mochenjera; kusiyanasiyana kwa malingaliro ake aluso kunalinso kosangalatsa. Zimadziwika kuti malingaliro ndi malingaliro a munthu, ngati "zabisika", osalengezedwa kapena kuwonetseredwa, pamapeto pake amapeza kukopa kwapadera, mphamvu yapadera yachikoka. Momwemonso m'moyo, ndi momwe ziliri mu luso. "Ndi bwino kuti tisanene kusiyana ndi kubwereza," wojambula wotchuka wa ku Russia PP Chistyakov analangiza ophunzira ake. "Choyipa kwambiri ndikupereka zambiri kuposa zomwe zikufunika," KS Stanislavsky adathandizira lingaliro lomwelo, ndikuliyika muzochita zopanga zisudzo. Chifukwa cha zochitika za chikhalidwe chake ndi malo osungiramo malingaliro, Zak, akusewera nyimbo pa siteji, nthawi zambiri sankawononga kwambiri mavumbulutso apamtima; m'malo mwake, iye anali wotopa, wonyezimira pofotokoza zakukhosi; kugundana kwake kwauzimu ndi m'malingaliro nthawi zina kumatha kuwoneka ngati "chinthu chokha." Komabe, zolankhula za woyimba piyano, ngakhale zosamveka, zokhala ngati zosamveka, zinali ndi chithumwa chawochawo, chithumwa chawochawo. Apo ayi, zingakhale zovuta kufotokoza chifukwa chake adakwanitsa kutchuka potanthauzira ntchito monga Chopin's concerto mu F wamng'ono, Liszt's Petrarch's Sonnets, A major sonata, op. 120 Schubert, Forlan ndi Minuet ochokera ku Ravel's Tomb of Couperin, ndi zina zotero.

Pokumbukiranso mbali zowoneka bwino za piyano ya Zak, sitinganene koma zamphamvu yamphamvu yosasinthika, mphamvu yamkati yamasewera ake. Mwachitsanzo, titha kutchula ntchito yodziwika bwino ya wojambula wa Rhapsody ya Rakhmaninov pamutu wa Paganini: ngati chitsulo chogwedezeka, chopindika ndi manja amphamvu, amphamvu ... mwa maiko a kumasuka kwachikondi; kusinkhasinkha, kumveka "nirvana" - osati ntchito yake yandakatulo. Ndizodabwitsa, koma zoona: pa filosofi yonse ya Faustian ya malingaliro ake, adadziwonetsera yekha momveka bwino. kuchitapo - mumayendedwe anyimbo, osati ma statics a nyimbo. Mphamvu ya kuganiza, kuchulukitsidwa ndi mphamvu ya gulu logwira ntchito, lomveka bwino loimba - ndi momwe munthu angatanthauzire, mwachitsanzo, kutanthauzira kwake kwa Sarcasms, mndandanda wa Fleeting, Prokofiev Wachiwiri, Wachinayi, Wachisanu ndi Wachisanu ndi chiwiri Sonatas, Rachmaninov Wachinayi. Concerto, Doctor Gradus ad Parnassum kuchokera ku Debussy's Children's Corner.

Sizodabwitsa kuti woyimba piyano wakhala akukopeka ndi gawo la piyano toccato. Ankakonda kufotokozera kwa luso la magalimoto, kumveka kwamutu kwa "chitsulo chotambasula" mukuchita, matsenga othamanga, owuma mtima. Ndicho chifukwa chake, mwachiwonekere, pakati pa kupambana kwake kwakukulu monga womasulira kunali Toccata (kuchokera ku Tomb of Couperin), ndi concerto ya Ravel mu G yaikulu, ndi Prokofiev opus yomwe tatchula kale, ndi zambiri zochokera ku Beethoven, Medtner, Rachmaninoff.

Ndipo mawonekedwe ena a ntchito za Zak ndi kukongola kwawo, mitundu yambiri yamitundu, mitundu yokongola. Kale mu unyamata wake, woyimba piyano adadziwonetsa yekha kukhala mbuye wodziwika bwino pakuyimira phokoso, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zokongoletsa za piyano. Pothirira ndemanga pa kutanthauzira kwake kwa sonata ya Liszt "Atawerenga Dante" (opus iyi idawonetsedwa m'mapulogalamu a wosewera kuyambira zaka zisanachitike nkhondo), A. Alschwang sanatsimikizire mwangozi "chithunzi" cha kusewera kwa Zak: "Mwa mphamvu ya chithunzi chomwe chidapangidwa," adasilira, "I Zaka amatikumbutsa za kujambula kwaluso kwa zithunzi za Dante ndi wojambula waku France Delacroix ..." (Alshwang A. Soviet masukulu a piyano. P. 68.). M'kupita kwa nthawi, malingaliro amawu a wojambulayo adakhala ovuta kwambiri komanso osiyanitsidwa, ngakhale mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso yoyengedwa bwino idawala papalette yake ya timbre. Iwo anapereka chithumwa chapadera kwa manambala a konsati yake nyimbo monga "Children's Scenes" ndi Schumann ndi Sonatina Ravel, "Burlesque" ndi R. Strauss ndi Scriabin's Third Sonata, Medtner's Second Concerto ndi "Kusiyanasiyana pa Mutu wa Corelli" ndi Rachmaninoff.

Chinthu chimodzi chikhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku zomwe zanenedwa: chirichonse chimene Zack anachita pa kiyibodi ya chida chinali, monga lamulo, chodziwika ndi kukwanira kwathunthu ndi kopanda malire, kukwanira kwapangidwe. Palibe chilichonse "chogwira ntchito" mwachangu, mwachangu, popanda chisamaliro choyenera chakunja! Woyimba waluso losasunthika, sangalole kuti apereke chithunzi cha sewero kwa anthu; mawu aliwonse amene iye anaonetsa pabwaloli anali olondola mwachibadwa ndiponso mosamalitsa. Mwina sizithunzi zonse zomwe zinali ndi chidindo cholimbikitsa mwaluso kwambiri: Zach anali wokhazikika mopambanitsa, komanso woganiza mopambanitsa, komanso (nthawi zina) woganiza bwino. Komabe, mosasamala kanthu za mmene woimba konsati amayandikira limba, pafupifupi nthaŵi zonse anali wopanda tchimo mu luso lake loimba piyano. Iye akhoza kukhala "pa kugunda" kapena ayi; iye sakanakhoza kukhala wolakwa mu luso mapangidwe a malingaliro ake. Liszt nthawi ina anati: “Sikokwanira kuchita, tiyenera wathunthu“. Osati nthawi zonse ndipo si onse omwe ali pamapewa. Ponena za Zach, anali wa oimba omwe amadziwa komanso amakonda kumaliza chilichonse - mpaka mwatsatanetsatane - muzojambula. (Nthawi zina, Zak ankakonda kukumbukira mawu otchuka a Stanislavsky: "Mwanjira ina", "nthawi zambiri", "pafupifupi" ndizosavomerezeka muzojambula ... " (Stanislavsky KS Sobr. soch.-M., 1954. T 2. S. 81.). Chomwechonso chinali chikhulupiriro chake chochita.)

Chilichonse chomwe changonenedwa kumene - luso lalikulu la wojambula ndi nzeru zake, kuthwa kwa luntha la kuganiza kwake mwaluso, kuwongolera maganizo, nzeru zanzeru za kulenga - zinapangidwa mophatikizana mu mtundu wakale wa oimba (wotukuka kwambiri, wozoloŵera), "olemekezeka" ...), kwa amene palibe chinthu chofunika kwambiri mu ntchito yake kuposa chifaniziro cha chifuniro cha wolemba, ndipo palibe chodabwitsa kuposa kusamvera. Neuhaus, yemwe ankadziwa bwino luso la wophunzira wake, sanalembe mwangozi za Zak "mzimu wina wazinthu zapamwamba, luso lapadera lozindikira ndi kufotokoza zaluso "makamaka", popanda kutchula zambiri zake, zaumwini, zaumwini ... Ojambula monga Zak, Neuhaus anapitiriza, "osati munthu, koma wapamwamba," mu sewero lawo "Mendelssohn - Mendelssohn, Brahms - Brahms, Prokofiev - Prokofiev. Umunthu (wojambula - Bambo C.) … monga chinthu chodziwika bwino kwa wolemba, chimabwerera; mumawona wolembayo ngati kuti kudzera mugalasi lalikulu lokulitsa (pano ndilo, luso!), koma loyera, lopanda mitambo mwanjira iliyonse, losadetsedwa - galasi, lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito mu telescopes kuyang'ana zakuthambo ... " (Neigauz G. Kupanga kwa woyimba piyano // Oyimba piyano odziwika bwino-aphunzitsi okhudza luso la limba. – M .; L., 1966. P. 79.).

…Pakuchuluka kwa machitidwe a konsati ya Zach, ngakhalenso kufunikira kwake, zimangowonetsa mbali imodzi yokha ya moyo wake wopanga. Wina, wofunikira kwambiri, anali wa pedagogy, yomwe m'zaka za m'ma XNUMX ndi koyambirira kwa makumi asanu ndi awiri idafika maluwa ake apamwamba.

Zach wakhala akuphunzitsa kwa nthawi yaitali. Atamaliza maphunziro ake, poyamba anathandiza pulofesa wake, Neuhaus; patapita kanthawi adapatsidwa udindo wa kalasi yake. Zaka zoposa makumi anayi za "kupyolera" muzochitikira zophunzitsa… Ophunzira ambiri, omwe mwa iwo ali eni ake a maina a piano - E. Virsaladze, N. Petrov, E. Mogilevsky, G. Mirvis, L. Timofeeva, S. Navasardyan, V. .Bakk… Mosiyana ndi Zak sanakhale m'gulu la oimba anzake, titero kunena kwake, "kanthawi kochepa", sankaona kuti maphunziro ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri, chomwe kaimidwe pakati pa maulendo amadzadza. Ankakonda ntchito ya m'kalasi, mowolowa manja adayikamo mphamvu zake zonse zamaganizo ndi moyo wake. Pamene anali kuphunzitsa, sanasiye kuganiza, kufufuza, kupeza; maganizo ake ophunzitsa sanazizire ndi nthawi. Titha kunena kuti pamapeto pake adapanga dongosolo logwirizana, logwirizana dongosolo (kawirikawiri sanali wokonda kusagwirizana) nyimbo ndi didactic maganizo, mfundo, zikhulupiriro.

Cholinga chachikulu cha mphunzitsi wa piyano, Yakov Izrailevich ankakhulupirira kuti ndi kutsogolera wophunzira kumvetsetsa nyimbo (ndi kutanthauzira kwake) monga chiwonetsero cha zovuta za moyo wauzimu wamkati wa munthu. “… Osati kakale yamitundu yokongola ya piyano,” iye molimbikira anafotokozera achinyamatawo, “osati ndime zofulumira komanso zolondola, zoimbira zokongola za “fiortures” ndi zina zotero. Ayi, chenicheni ndi chinanso - muzithunzi, malingaliro, malingaliro, malingaliro, malingaliro ... "Monga mphunzitsi wake, Neuhaus, Zak anali wotsimikiza kuti" mu luso la mawu ... kupyola, kumapangidwa ndi kufotokozedwa ndikumumva munthuyo (Neigauz G. Pa luso loimba piyano. - M., 1958. P. 34.). Kuchokera m'maudindo awa, adaphunzitsa ophunzira ake kuti aganizire "luso lakumveka".

Chidziwitso cha wojambula wachinyamata wauzimu Akamanena za sewero n'zotheka pokhapokha, Zak ananenanso, pamene iye anafika pa mlingo mokwanira mkulu wa nyimbo, zokongoletsa ndi onse chitukuko chaluntha. Pamene maziko a chidziwitso chake ali olimba ndi olimba, masomphenya ake amakhala otakata, kuganiza mwaluso kumapangidwa, ndipo luso la kulenga limasonkhanitsidwa. Ntchito izi, Zak amakhulupirira, zinali zochokera m'gulu lazophunzitsa zanyimbo zambiri, komanso maphunziro a piyano makamaka. Kodi zinatheka bwanji m’zochita zake?

Choyamba, kudzera mu kuyambitsa kwa ophunzira ku chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha ntchito zomwe anaphunzira. Kupyolera mu kukhudzana kwa aliyense wa ophunzira a m'kalasi mwake ndi zochitika zambiri za nyimbo zosiyanasiyana. Vuto ndiloti achinyamata ambiri ochita masewera "atsekedwa kwambiri ... m'gulu la "moyo wa piyano" wodziwika bwino, Zak adanong'oneza bondo. “Kaŵirikaŵiri maganizo awo okhudza nyimbo amakhala ochepa! [Tiyenera] kuganizira za momwe tingasinthire ntchito m'kalasi kuti titsegule nyimbo zambiri kwa ophunzira athu ... chifukwa popanda izi, chitukuko chozama cha woimba sichingatheke. (Zak Ya. Pankhani zina zophunzitsa oimba piyano achinyamata // Mafunso okhudza kuimba kwa piyano. – M., 1968. Issue 2. P. 84, 87.). Pagulu la anzake, sanatope kubwereza: "Woyimba aliyense ayenera kukhala ndi "nkhokwe ya chidziwitso" chake, zosonkhanitsa zake zamtengo wapatali zomwe adamva, zomwe anachita, ndi zomwe adakumana nazo. Kuwunjika kumeneku kuli ngati chilimbikitso champhamvu chomwe chimadyetsa malingaliro opanga, omwe ndi ofunikira kuti apite patsogolo mosalekeza. (Ibid., tsamba 84, 87.).

Отсюда — установка Зака ​​на возможно более интенсивный широкий приток музыки в учебно-педагогический обиход его воспитанников. Так, наряду с обязательным репертуаром, в его классе нередко проходились ndi пьесы-спутники; они служили чем-то вроде вспомогательного материала, овладение которым, считал Зак, желательно, а то и просто необходимо для для которым основной части студенческих программ. «Pansi pa zinthu zonse zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino komanso zotsika mtengo kwambiri, sizili bwino komanso zimangogwira ntchito nthawi zonse,— говорил Яков Израилетьвич.— тих произведений, не зная, по крайней мере, „близлежащих…»»

Kukula kwa chidziwitso cha nyimbo, chomwe chinasiyanitsa ophunzira a Zach, chinafotokozedwa, komabe, osati chifukwa chakuti mu labotale yophunzitsa, motsogoleredwa ndi pulofesa wawo, kwambiri. Zinalinso zofunika as ntchito zinachitikira pano. Mchitidwe womwewo wa kaphunzitsidwe ka Zak, kaphunzitsidwe kake kanalimbikitsa kukwaniritsidwa kosalekeza komanso kofulumira kwa luso ndi luntha la oimba piyano achichepere. Malo ofunikira mkati mwa kalembedwe kameneka anali, mwachitsanzo, ku phwando generalizations (pafupifupi chinthu chofunika kwambiri pophunzitsa nyimbo - malinga ndi ntchito yake yoyenera). Makamaka, konkire imodzi mu kuyimba kwa piyano - komwe nsalu yeniyeni ya phunzirolo idalukidwa (phokoso, nyimbo, mphamvu, mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe amtundu, etc.), nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Yakov Izrailevich ngati chifukwa chopezera malingaliro otakata komanso omveka. zokhudzana ndi magulu osiyanasiyana a luso la nyimbo. Chifukwa chake zotsatira zake: muzochitika zakuchita piyano, ophunzira ake mosazindikira, paokha, adapanga chidziwitso chakuya komanso chosunthika. Kuphunzira ndi Zach kumatanthauza kuganiza: kusanthula, kufananiza, kusiyanitsa, kufika paziganizo zina. "Mverani izi "zosuntha" mafanizo ogwirizana (mipiringidzo yotsegulira ya concerto ya Ravel ku G-major. Bambo C.), anatembenukira kwa wophunzirayo. “Kodi sizowona mmene mamvekedwe achiwiriwa aliri okongola komanso odabwitsa! Mwa njira, mumadziwa chiyani za chilankhulo cha mochedwa Ravel? Nanga bwanji ndikakufunsani kuti mufananize zofananira, nenani, Reflections ndi The Tomb of Couperin?

Ophunzira a Yakov Izrailevich adadziwa kuti m'maphunziro ake nthawi iliyonse akhoza kuyembekezera kukhudzana ndi dziko la mabuku, zisudzo, ndakatulo, zojambula ... makalasi, mofunitsitsa ndi mwaluso ntchito maulendo oyandikana madera luso : anasonyeza mwa njira iyi mitundu yonse ya nyimbo ndi kuchita maganizo, analimbitsa ndi maumboni ndakatulo, zithunzi ndi analogues ena wapamtima pedagogical malingaliro ake, maganizo ndi mapulani. "Kukongola kwa luso limodzi ndi kukongola kwa wina, zinthu zokhazokha ndizosiyana," Schumann analemba kamodzi; Zach ananena kuti nthawi zambiri ankakhulupirira kuti mawu amenewa ndi oona.

Pothana ndi ntchito zophunzitsira za piyano zakumaloko, Zak adasankha zomwe adaziwona kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri: "Chinthu chachikulu kwa ine ndikuphunzitsa wophunzira m'makutu anyimbo odziwika bwino, "crystal"… adapanga lingaliro lake, lomwe limatha kujambula ma metamorphoses ovuta kwambiri, osiyanasiyana pamawu, kusiyanitsa mitundu yowoneka bwino komanso yowoneka bwino komanso yonyezimira. Wosewera wachinyamata alibe chidwi chotere cha zomverera, sizingakhale zopanda pake - Yakov Izrailevich adatsimikiza za izi - zidule za mphunzitsi, ngakhale "zodzola" zamaphunziro kapena "gloss" sizingathandize. M’mawu amodzi, “khutu liri kwa woimba piyano monga momwe diso liri kwa woimba…” (Zak Ya. Pankhani zina za maphunziro a oimba piyano achichepere. P. 90.).

Kodi ophunzira a Zak adakulitsa bwanji makhalidwe onsewa? Panali njira imodzi yokha: pamaso pa wosewera mpira, ntchito zomveka zotere zinayikidwa patsogolo sakanakhoza kukopa kuseri kwa kupsyinjika kwakukulu kwa zida zawo zamakutu, kungakhale insoluble pa kiyibodi kunja kwa nyimbo zosiyanitsidwa bwino, zokonzedwa bwino. Katswiri wabwino kwambiri wa zamaganizo Zak adadziwa kuti luso la munthu limapangidwa mu kuya kwa ntchitoyo, yomwe kuchokera kulikonse. zofunikira amafuna maluso awa - iwo okha, ndipo palibe china chilichonse. Zomwe ankafuna kuchokera kwa ophunzira m'maphunziro ake sizikanatheka popanda "khutu" loimba komanso lomvera; ichi chinali chimodzi mwa zidule za uphunzitsi wake, chimodzi mwa zifukwa za mphamvu zake. Ponena za njira zenizeni, "zogwira ntchito" zokulitsa kumva pakati pa oyimba piyano, Yakov Izrailevich adawona kuti ndizothandiza kwambiri kuphunzira nyimbo popanda chida, ndi njira yowonetsera makutu, monga akunena, "m'malingaliro." Nthawi zambiri ankagwiritsa ntchito mfundo imeneyi m’zochita zake, ndipo ankalangiza ophunzira ake kuti nawonso aziigwiritsa ntchito.

Pambuyo pa chithunzi cha ntchito yotanthauziridwa kupangidwa m'maganizo a wophunzira, Zak adawona kuti ndi bwino kumasula wophunzira uyu ku chisamaliro chowonjezera cha maphunziro. "Ngati, polimbikitsa kukula kwa ziweto zathu, tikhala ngati mthunzi wokhazikika pakuchita kwawo, izi ndizokwanira kuti ziwoneke ngati wina ndi mnzake, kubweretsa aliyense ku "chinthu chodziwika bwino"" (Zak Ya. Pankhani zina za maphunziro a oimba piyano achichepere. P. 82.). Kutha nthawi - osati kale, koma osati pambuyo pake (chachiwiri ndi chofunika kwambiri) - kuchoka kwa wophunzira, kumusiya yekha, ndi imodzi mwa nthawi zovuta komanso zovuta kwambiri pa ntchito ya mphunzitsi wa nyimbo, Zak adakhulupirira. Kwa iye nthaŵi zambiri munthu ankamva mawu a Arthur Schnabel akuti: “Ntchito ya mphunzitsi ndiyo kutsegula zitseko, osati kukankhira ophunzira kudutsamo.”

Wanzeru komanso wodziwa zambiri, Zak, osadzudzulidwa, adawunika zomwe zimachitika pa moyo wake wamasewera. Mipikisano yambiri, mitundu yonse ya mpikisano wanyimbo, adadandaula. Kwa ambiri mwa akatswiri odziwika bwino, ndi "malo oyeserera masewera" (Zak Ya. Oimba amafunsa mawu // Sov. nyimbo. 1957. No. 3. P 58.). M’lingaliro lake, chiŵerengero cha opambana m’nkhondo zampikisano zapadziko lonse chakula mokulira: “Maudindo ambiri, maudindo, zobvala zawonekera m’nyimbo. Tsoka ilo, izi sizinawonjezere kuchuluka kwa matalente. ” (Iwo.). Chiwopsezo chawonetsero cha konsati kuchokera kwa woimba wamba, woimba wamba, chikuchulukirachulukira, Zach adatero. Izi zidamudetsa nkhawa kwambiri kuposa china chilichonse: "Mochulukira," adadandaula, "kufanana" kwa oyimba piyano kudayamba kuwonekera, awo, ngakhale atakhala apamwamba, koma mtundu wa" kulenga mulingo… Kupambana mumipikisano, komwe makalendala azaka zaposachedwa ndi odzaza kwambiri, mwachiwonekere amaphatikiza ukulu wa luso kuposa malingaliro opanga. Kodi sipamene “kufanana” kwa opambana athu kumachokera? Ndi chiyani chinanso choyenera kuyang'ana chifukwa? (Zak Ya. Pankhani zina za maphunziro a oimba piyano achichepere. P. 82.). Yakov Izrailevich nayenso anali ndi nkhawa kuti ena oyambira pamasewera amasiku ano akuwoneka kuti alibe chinthu chofunikira kwambiri - malingaliro apamwamba aluso. Chifukwa chake, amalandidwa ufulu wamakhalidwe abwino wokhala wojambula. Woyimba piyano, monga mnzake wina aliyense muzojambula, "ayenera kukhala ndi zilakolako zopanga," Zak adatsindika.

Ndipo tili ndi oimba achichepere otere omwe adalowa m'moyo ndi zikhumbo zazikulu zaluso. Ndizolimbikitsa. Koma, mwatsoka, tili ndi oimba ochepa omwe alibe ngakhale lingaliro lamalingaliro opanga. Iwo samalingalira nkomwe za izo. Amakhala mosiyana (Zak Ya. Osewera amafunsa mawu. S. 58.).

M'modzi mwamawonekedwe ake atolankhani, Zach adati: "Zomwe m'mbali zina za moyo zimatchedwa "careerism" zimatchedwa "laureatism" pakuchita" (Iwo.). Nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi anayamba kukambirana nkhani imeneyi ndi achinyamata aluso. Nthawi ina, nthawi ina, adagwira mawu onyada a Blok mkalasi:

Wolemba ndakatulo alibe ntchito Wolemba ndakatulo ali ndi tsogolo…

G. Tsypin