Atatu |

italo. atatu, kuchokera lat. atatu, atatu

1) Gulu la oimba atatu. Malinga ndi mapangidwe a oimba, instr., wok. (onaninso Tercet) ndi wok.-instr. T.; molingana ndi mapangidwe a zida - zofanana (mwachitsanzo, zingwe zoweramira - violin, viola, cello) ndi zosakaniza (zingwe zokhala ndi chida chauzimu kapena piyano).

2) Nyimbo. prod. kwa 3 zida kapena mawu oyimba. Chida T. pamodzi ndi zingwe. quartet ndi yamitundu yodziwika bwino ya nyimbo zapachipinda ndipo imachokera ku trio sonata yakale (sonata a tre) yazaka 17-18, yomwe idapangidwira zida 3 zamakonsati (mwachitsanzo, 2 violin ndi viola da gamba), yomwe nthawi zambiri inkachitika. ophatikizidwa ndi mawu a 4 (piano, organ, etc.) akutsogolera gawo la basso continuo (A. Corelli, A. Vivaldi, G. Tartini). Classic chida mtundu T. zachokera sonata-cyclic. mawonekedwe. Malo otsogola amakhala ndi mtundu wa FP. T. (violin, cello, piyano), yomwe inayambira pakati. Zaka za m'ma 18 mu ntchito ya oimba a Mannheim School. Zitsanzo zoyambirira zoyambirira - fp. atatu a J. Haydn, m’mene kudziimira paokha kwa mawu sikunapezekebe. Mu utatu wa WA Mozart ndi atatu oyambirira a Beethoven (op. 1) ch. udindo ndi wa FP. maphwando; Beethoven atatu op. 70 ndi op. 97, zokhudzana ndi nthawi ya kukhwima kwa kulenga kwa woimbayo, amasiyanitsidwa ndi kufanana kwa mamembala onse a gululo, chitukuko cha zida. maphwando, kapangidwe kake. Zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri za fp. Theatre idapangidwa ndi F. Schubert, R. Schumann, I. Brahms, PI Tchaikovsky ("In Memory of the Great Artist", 1882), SV Rachmaninov ("Elegiac Trio" pokumbukira PI Tchaikovsky, 1893), DD Shostakovich ( op. 67, pokumbukira II Sollertinsky). Mtundu wa zingwe ndizochepa. T. (violin, viola, cello; mwachitsanzo, zingwe. trio ya Haydn, Beethoven; zingwe. atatu a Borodin pamutu wa nyimbo "Ndinakukhumudwitsa bwanji", zingwe. trio ya SI Taneyev). Zosakaniza zina zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito, mwachitsanzo. mu Glinka's Pathetic Trio ya piyano, clarinet ndi bassoon; atatu a 2 oboes ndi Chingerezi. lipenga, atatu a piyano, clarinet ndi cello wolemba Beethoven; Ma Brahms atatu a piyano, violin ndi lipenga, ndi zina zotero. Wok. T. - mmodzi wa waukulu. mawonekedwe a opera, komanso odziyimira pawokha. prod. kwa 3 mavoti.

3) Gawo lapakati (gawo) instr. zidutswa, kuvina (minuet), march, scherzo, ndi zina zotero, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimasiyana ndi zida zonyamulira. Dzina "T." idayamba m'zaka za zana la 17, mu orc. prod. mbali yapakati ya mawonekedwe a magawo atatu, mosiyana ndi ena onse, inkachitidwa ndi zida zitatu zokha.

4) Chidutswa cha magawo atatu pamabuku a 2 ndi pedal, chifukwa cha dec. Polembetsa makiyibodi, kusiyana kwa timbre kumapangidwa pakati pa mawu.

Zothandizira: Gaidamovich T., zida zoimbira, M., 1960, M., 1963; Raaben L., Instrumental Ensemble in Russian Music, M., 1961; Mironov L., Beethoven Trio wa piyano, violin ndi cello, M., 1974.

Ine Manukyan