Uzeir Hajibekov (Uzeyir Hajibeyov) |

Uzeyir Hajibeyov

"... Hajibeyov adapereka moyo wake wonse pakukula kwa chikhalidwe cha nyimbo cha Azerbaijani Soviet. … Iye anayala maziko a Azerbaijani opera luso kwa nthawi yoyamba mu dziko, bwino bungwe maphunziro nyimbo. Anagwiranso ntchito yaikulu pa chitukuko cha nyimbo za symphonic, "D. Shostakovich analemba za Gadzhibekov.

Gadzhibekov anabadwira m'banja la kalaliki wakumidzi. Uzeyir atangobadwa, banjali linasamukira ku Shusha, tauni yaing’ono ku Nagorno-Karabakh. Ubwana wa wopeka tsogolo wazunguliridwa ndi oimba wowerengeka ndi oimba, amene anaphunzira luso la mugham. Mnyamatayo ankaimba bwino kwambiri nyimbo za anthu, mawu ake ankajambulidwa pagalamafoni.

Mu 1899 Gadzhibekov analowa mu seminare Gori mphunzitsi. Apa iye analowa dziko, makamaka Russian, chikhalidwe, anadziwa nyimbo zakale. Ku seminare, nyimbo zidapatsidwa malo ofunikira. Ophunzira onse anafunika kuphunzira kuimba violin, kulandira luso la kuimba kwaya ndi kuimba pamodzi. Kudzijambula kwa nyimbo zamtundu wa anthu kunalimbikitsidwa. M'buku la nyimbo la Gadzhibekov, chiwerengero chawo chinakula chaka ndi chaka. Pambuyo pake, popanga opera yake yoyamba, adagwiritsa ntchito imodzi mwazojambula zamtunduwu. Nditamaliza maphunziro a seminare mu 1904, Gadzhibekov anatumizidwa ku mudzi wa Hadrut ndi ntchito monga mphunzitsi kwa chaka. Patatha chaka chimodzi, anasamukira ku Baku, kumene anapitiriza maphunziro ake, pa nthawi yomweyo ankakonda utolankhani. Zolemba zake zapamwamba komanso zolemba zake zimapezeka m'magazini ndi m'manyuzipepala ambiri. Maola opuma ochepa amathera pa maphunziro a nyimbo. Kupambana kunali kofunika kwambiri moti Gadzhibekov anali ndi lingaliro lolimba mtima - kupanga ntchito yopangira ntchito yomwe idzakhazikitsidwa pa luso la mugham. Januware 25, 1908 ndi tsiku la kubadwa kwa opera yoyamba ya dziko. Chiwembu chake chinali ndakatulo ya Fizuli "Leyli ndi Majnun". Wopeka wachinyamatayo adagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mbali za mughams mu opera. Mothandizidwa ndi anzake, mofanana mokhudzika okonda luso mbadwa, Gadzhibekov anachita opera mu Baku. Pambuyo pake, woimbayo anakumbukira kuti: "Panthawiyo, ine, wolemba opera, ndinkadziwa zoyambira za solfeggio, koma sindinkadziwa za mgwirizano, zotsutsana, nyimbo ... Komabe, kupambana kwa Leyli ndi Majnun kunali kwakukulu. Zikufotokozedwa, m'malingaliro anga, chifukwa chakuti anthu a ku Azerbaijan anali kuyembekezera kale kuti masewero awo a ku Azerbaijan awonekere pa siteji, ndipo "Leyli ndi Majnun" adaphatikiza nyimbo zamtundu weniweni komanso chiwembu chodziwika bwino.

Kupambana kwa "Leyli ndi Majnun" kumalimbikitsa Uzeyir Hajibeyov kuti apitirize ntchito yake mwamphamvu. Pazaka zotsatira za 5, adapanga mafilimu atatu: "Mwamuna ndi Mkazi" (3), "Ngati si uyu, ndiye uyu" (1909), "Arshin Mal Alan" (1910) ndi 1913 mugham operas: "Sheikh Senan" (4), "Rustam ndi Zohrab" (1909), "Shah Abbas ndi Khurshidbanu" (1910), "Asli ndi Kerem" (1912). Kale mlembi wa ntchito zingapo zotchuka pakati pa anthu, Gadzhibekov amafuna kubwezeretsa katundu wake akatswiri: mu 1912-1910. amachita maphunziro apadera pa Moscow Philharmonic Society, ndipo mu 12 ku St. Petersburg Conservatory. Pa October 1914, 25, sewero loyamba la sewero lanthabwala la "Arshin Mal Alan" linachitika. Gadzhibekov anachita pano monga sewero ndi wopeka. Anapanga ntchito yowonetsera siteji, yonyezimira mwanzeru komanso yodzaza ndi chisangalalo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ntchito yake ilibe zowawa za anthu, ndizodzaza ndi ziwonetsero zotsutsana ndi miyambo ya dziko, yonyozetsa ulemu waumunthu. Mu "Arshin Mal Alan" woimbayo akuwoneka ngati mbuye wokhwima: mutuwu umachokera ku nyimbo zamtundu wa Azerbaijani, koma palibe nyimbo imodzi yomwe imabwereka. "Arshin Mal Alan" ndi mwaluso weniweni. Operetta anayenda padziko lonse bwinobwino. Inachitikira ku Moscow, Paris, New York, London, Cairo ndi ena.

Uzeyir Hajibeyov anamaliza ntchito yake yomaliza - opera "Kor-ogly" mu 1937. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, operayo inachitikira ku Baku, ndi kutenga nawo mbali kwa Bul-Bul wotchuka pa udindo wa mutu. Pambuyo pa masewero opambana, wolembayo analemba kuti: "Ndinadziika ndekha ntchito yopanga opera yomwe ili mu mawonekedwe a dziko lonse, pogwiritsa ntchito zopambana za chikhalidwe chamakono chamakono ... Kyor-ogly ndi ashug, ndipo imayimbidwa ndi ashugs, kotero kalembedwe ka ashugs ndi kalembedwe kameneka mu opera ... ya Azerbaijan inamangidwa. Chachikulu ndi chopereka cha Uzeyir Gadzhibekov pa chitukuko cha National Music Theatre. Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo adalenga ntchito zambiri mumitundu ina, makamaka, anali woyambitsa mtundu watsopano - romance-gwalo; amenewa ndi “Sensiz” (“Popanda inu”) ndi “Sevgili janan” (“Wokondedwa”). Nyimbo zake "Imbani", "Mlongo wa Chifundo" adakondwera kwambiri pa Nkhondo Yaikulu Yokonda Dziko Lapansi.

Uzeyir Hajibeyov si wopeka chabe, komanso woimba komanso wodziwika kwambiri ku Azerbaijan. Mu 1931, iye analenga oimba woyamba wa zida wowerengeka, ndipo patapita zaka 5, woyamba Azerbaijani kwaya gulu. Gadzhibekov Gadzhibekov anathandizira pakupanga anthu oimba nyimbo. Mu 1922 adakonza sukulu yoyamba ya nyimbo za Azerbaijani. Kenako, iye anatsogolera nyimbo luso sukulu, ndiyeno anakhala mutu wa Baku Conservatory. Hajibeyov anafotokoza mwachidule zotsatira za maphunziro ake a nyimbo zamtundu wa dziko mu phunziro lalikulu lachiphunzitso la "Fundamentals of Azerbaijani Folk Music" (1945). Dzina la U. Gadzhibekov lazunguliridwa ku Azerbaijan ndi chikondi cha dziko ndi ulemu. Mu 1959, m'dziko lakwawo la wopeka, mu Shushani, nyumba yake Museum inatsegulidwa, ndipo mu 1975, ku Baku kutsegulidwa kwa Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale za Gadzhibekov.

N. Alekperova