Fugato |

italo. fugato, kwenikweni - fugue, fugue-ngati, ngati fugue

Mawonekedwe otsanzira, malinga ndi momwe mutuwo umasonyezera (nthawi zambiri komanso chitukuko) umagwirizana ndi fugue (1).

Mosiyana ndi fugue, ilibe polyphony yodziwika bwino. kubwereza; nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo lalikulu. Kufotokozera momveka bwino mutuwo, kutsanzira. kulowa kwa mawu komanso kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka polyphonic. mawonekedwe ndi zolengedwa. mawonekedwe a P. (P. angatchulidwe okhawo otengera omwe ali ndi mikhalidwe imeneyi; ngati palibe, mawu oti "fugue presentation" amagwiritsidwa ntchito), F. ndi mawonekedwe osakhwima kwambiri kuposa fugue: kuchuluka kwa mavoti pano kungakhale kosinthika. (1 - gawo la symphony ya Taneyev mu c-moll, nambala 12), mutuwo sungakhoze kuchitidwa m'mawu onse (chiyambi cha Credo kuchokera ku Beethoven's Soemn Mass) kapena kuperekedwa nthawi yomweyo ndi counterposition (21st Myaskovsky symphony, nambala 1). ); quarto-quint ratios of theme and answer is common, but digressions si zachilendo (mawu oyamba a 3rd act of the Wagner's opera The Nuremberg Mastersingers; 1st part of Shostakovich's 5th symphony, manambala 17-19). F. ndizosiyana kwambiri pamapangidwe. Mu ambiri Op. gawo lokhazikika la fugue, kufotokozera, limapangidwanso, komanso, mutu umodzi womveka bwino. chiyambi cha F., chomwe chimasiyanitsa momveka bwino ndi nyimbo zam'mbuyomu, zimasiyana ndi mapeto, omwe sasiyanitsidwa ndi c.-l. kupitiriza osiyana, nthawi zambiri sanali polyphonic (chomaliza cha piano sonata No. 6, 2 kayendedwe ka Beethoven a symphony No. 1; onaninso chitsanzo mu ndime 994).

Kuphatikiza pa kufotokozera, F. ikhoza kukhala ndi gawo lofanana ndi gawo lomwe likutukuka la fugue (chomaliza cha quartet ya Tchaikovsky No. 2, nambala 32), yomwe nthawi zambiri imasinthidwa kukhala chitukuko cha sonata (gawo loyamba la quartet ya Frank mu D. -nthawi). Nthawi zina, F. amatanthauzidwa ngati zomangamanga zosakhazikika (kawiri F. kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko cha gawo la 1 la symphony ya 1 ya Tchaikovsky: d-moll - a-moll - e-moll - h-moll). Kugwiritsa ntchito F. complex contrapuntal. njira sizimachotsedwa (F. ndi kutsutsidwa kosungidwa mu 6st gawo la 1 symphony ya Myaskovsky, nambala 5; stretta mu F. "Adziwitseni kuti mphamvu imatanthauza chiyani" kuchokera ku 13nd act of opera "May Night" ndi Rimsky-Korsakov. ; double F. mu gulu lachiwiri la symphony ya 2 ya Beethoven, katatu F. mu opera Die Meistersingers ya Nuremberg yolembedwa ndi Wagner, bar 2, five F. (fugue) mu coda ya mapeto a symphony ya Mozart C-dur Jupiter), ngakhale kutsanzira kosavuta. mafomu ndi okhazikika.

Ngati fugue imasiyanitsidwa ndi kukwanira kwa chitukuko ndi luso. kudziyimira pawokha kwa chithunzicho, ndiye F. imagwira ntchito yocheperako pazogulitsa, momwe "imakula".

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri F. mu chitukuko cha sonata: dynamic. mwayi wotsanzira umathandizira kukonzekera pachimake cha mutu kapena gawo latsopano; F. ikhoza kukhala poyambira (gawo loyamba la symphony ya 1 ya Tchaikovsky), komanso chapakati (gawo loyamba la symphony yoyamba ya Kalinnikov) kapena magawo oyambilira a chitukuko (gawo la 6 la 1 concerto ya piyano. ndi Beethoven Orchestra). ; Maziko a mutuwo ndi zolinga zomveka bwino za gawo lalikulu (mitu yomveka ya mbali yakumbali nthawi zambiri imasinthidwa movomerezeka).

AK Glazunov. 6 symphony. Gawo II.

Kawirikawiri, F. amapeza ntchito mu gawo lililonse la nyimbo. prod.: mu kuwonetsera ndi chitukuko cha mutuwo (Allegro mu kuyambika kwa opera "The Magic Flute" yolembedwa ndi Mozart; gawo lalikulu pakusintha kwa opera "The Bartered Bride" yolembedwa ndi Smetana), mu gawo (the mapeto a symphony ya 5 ya Prokofiev, nambala 93), reprise (fp sonata h-moll ndi Liszt), solo cadence (violin concerto yolembedwa ndi Glazunov), m'mawu oyamba (gawo loyamba la zingwe 1 za quartet ya Glazunov) ndi coda (gawo loyamba a Berlioz's symphony Romeo ndi Julia), gawo lapakati la mawonekedwe ovuta a magawo atatu (aria of Gryaznoy kuchokera ku 5st act of the opera The Tsar's Bride by Rimsky-Korsakov), mu rondo (No 1 kuchokera ku Bach's St. Chilakolako); mu mawonekedwe a F., operatic leitmotif anganenedwe ("mutu wa ansembe" poyambirira kwa opera "Aida" ndi Verdi), siteji ya opera ikhoza kumangidwa (No 1 s kuchokera ku 36rd act of " Prince Igor" ndi Borodin); nthawi zina F. ndi chimodzi mwazosiyana (No. 20 kuchokera ku Bach's Goldberg Variations; choyimba "The Wonderful Queen of Heaven" kuchokera ku 3rd act of the opera "The Legend of the Invisible City of Kitezh ndi Maiden Fevronia" ndi Rimsky-Korsakov , chiwerengero 22); F. monga wodziyimira pawokha. chidutswa (JS Bach, BWV 3; AF Gedicke, op. 171 No 962) kapena gawo la kuzungulira (36nd movement of Hindemith's symphoniette in E) ndizosowa. Fomu F. (kapena pafupi nayo) idawuka mukupanga. kalembedwe okhwima mogwirizana ndi chitukuko cha njira zotsanzira, kuphimba mawu onse.

Josquin Wokhumudwa. Missa sexti toni (super L'homme armé). Chiyambi cha Kyrie.

F. idagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu Op. olemba 17 - 1st floor. Zaka za zana la 18 (mwachitsanzo, mu gigues kuchokera ku instr. suites, m'magawo ofulumira a overtures). F. adagwiritsa ntchito JS Bach mosinthasintha, kufikira, mwachitsanzo. ku nyimbo zakwaya, kumveka kophiphiritsa kodabwitsa ndi masewero. mawu (mu No. 33 "Sind Blitze, sind Donner in Wolken verschwunden" ndi No. 54 "LaЯ ihn kreuzigen" kuchokera ku Matthew Passion). Chifukwa express. tanthawuzo la F. likuwululidwa momveka bwino poyerekeza ndi mafotokozedwe a homophonic, olemba a 2nd floor. 18 - pemphani. Zaka za m'ma 19 amagwiritsa ntchito kusiyana kwa "chiaroscuro" m'njira zosiyanasiyana. F. mkati. prod. Haydn - njira polyphonizing homophonic thematics (reprise wa 1 gawo la zingwe. Quartet op. 50 No 2); Mozart akuwona mu F. imodzi mwa njira zobweretsera sonata ndi fugue pafupi (chomaliza cha G-dur quartet, K.-V. 387); Udindo wa F. ukuwonjezeka kwambiri mu Op. Beethoven, amene ndi chifukwa cha chikhumbo wopeka kwa polyphonization ambiri a mawonekedwe (awiri F. mu reprise wa 2 gawo la symphony 3 kwambiri kumawonjezera ndi limafotokoza chisoni chiyambi). F. ku Mozart ndi Beethoven ndi membala wofunikira kwambiri mu dongosolo la polyphonic. zigawo zomwe zimapanga "mawonekedwe akuluakulu a polyphonic" pamlingo wa kayendetsedwe kamodzi (zigawo zazikulu ndi zam'mbali zowonetserako, mbali yachiwiri muzobwereza, chitukuko chotsanzira, stretta coda kumapeto kwa quartet ya G-dur, K.-V . 387 Mozart) kapena kuzungulira (F. mu 1st , 2 ndi 4 kayendedwe ka symphony 9, F. mu gulu 1, lolingana ndi fugue yomaliza, mu Beethoven a piano sonata No 29). Masters a m'zaka za zana la 19, mwachidwi kukulitsa zomwe oimira a classic Viennese akwaniritsa. masukulu, amatanthauzira F. m'njira yatsopano - potengera mapulogalamu ("Nkhondo" poyambitsa "Romeo ndi Julia" ndi Berlioz), mtundu (womaliza wa 1st act of opera "Carmen" by Bizet), pictorial ( blizzard kumapeto kwa 4. ya opera Ivan Susanin ndi Glinka) ndi chithunzithunzi chodabwitsa (chithunzi cha nkhalango yomwe ikukula mumasewero a 3 a opera The Snow Maiden ndi Rimsky-Korsakov, nambala 253), mudzaze F. tanthawuzo latsopano lophiphiritsa, kulimasulira kukhala chithunzithunzi cha ziwanda. chiyambi (gawo "Mephistopheles" kuchokera ku Liszt's Faust Symphony), monga mawu owonetsera (mawu oyamba a opera ya Faust yolembedwa ndi Gounod; mawu oyamba a sewero lachitatu la sewero la Die Meistersingers Nuremberg lolembedwa ndi Wagner), monga zenizeni. chithunzi cha moyo wa anthu (chiyambi cha gawo 3 la mawu oyamba a opera "Boris Godunov" Mussorgsky). F. amapeza ntchito zosiyanasiyana pakati pa olemba azaka za zana la 1. (R. Strauss, P. Hindemith, SV Rakhmaninov, N. Ya. Myaskovsky, DD Shostakovich ndi ena).

Zothandizira: onani pansi pa Art. Fugue.

VP Frayonov