Hermann Scherchen |

Herman Scherchen

Munthu wamphamvu wa Hermann Scherchen waima m'mbiri yochita zojambulajambula mofanana ndi zowunikira monga Knappertsbusch ndi Walter, Klemperer ndi Kleiber. Koma pa nthawi yomweyo, Sherchen ali ndi malo apadera kwambiri mndandanda. Woganiza zanyimbo, anali wokonda kuyesa komanso wofufuza moyo wake wonse. Kwa Sherhen, udindo wake monga wojambula unali wachiwiri, ngati kuti umachokera ku ntchito zake zonse monga woyambitsa, wotsogolera komanso mpainiya wa luso latsopano. Osati kokha komanso osati mochuluka kuti achite zomwe zadziwika kale, koma kuthandizira nyimbo kukonza njira zatsopano, kutsimikizira omvera za kulondola kwa njira izi, kulimbikitsa olemba nyimbo kuti atsatire njirazi ndiyeno pokhapo kuti afalitse zomwe zakwaniritsidwa, kunena. Izi zinali - izi zinali zovomerezeka za Sherhen. Ndipo adamamatira ku credo iyi kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wake wovuta komanso wamkuntho.

Sherchen ngati kondakitala adadziphunzitsa yekha. Anayamba ngati woyimba woyimba mu Berlin Bluthner Orchestra (1907-1910), kenako adagwira ntchito ku Berlin Philharmonic. Chikhalidwe chachangu cha woimbayo, wodzaza ndi mphamvu ndi malingaliro, adamufikitsa ku maimidwe a kondakitala. Zinachitika koyamba ku Riga mu 1914. Posakhalitsa nkhondo inayamba. Sherhen anali msilikali, anagwidwa ndipo anali m'dziko lathu m'masiku a October Revolution. Atachita chidwi kwambiri ndi zimene anaona, anabwerera kwawo mu 1918, kumene poyamba anayamba kuyendetsa makwaya ogwira ntchito. Ndipo ku Berlin, kwaya ya Schubert idachita nyimbo zosinthira ku Russia kwa nthawi yoyamba, zokonzedwa ndi zolemba zachijeremani ndi Hermann Scherchen. Ndipo kotero iwo akupitirizabe mpaka lero.

Kale m'zaka zoyambirira izi za ntchito ya wojambula, chidwi chake chamakono chamakono chikuwonekera. Sakhutira ndi zochitika zamakonsati, zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira. Sherchen anayambitsa New Musical Society ku Berlin, amasindikiza magazini ya Melos, yoperekedwa ku zovuta za nyimbo zamakono, ndipo amaphunzitsa ku Higher School of Music. Mu 1923 anakhala woloŵa m’malo wa Furtwängler ku Frankfurt am Main, ndipo mu 1928-1933 anatsogolera gulu la oimba ku Königsberg (tsopano Kaliningrad), panthaŵi imodzimodziyo kukhala mkulu wa Koleji ya Nyimbo ku Winterthur, imene ankaitsogolera mosalekeza mpaka 1953. atayamba kulamulira chipani cha Nazi, Scherchen anasamukira ku Switzerland, kumene pa nthawi ina anali wotsogolera nyimbo wailesi ku Zurich ndi Beromunster. M'zaka makumi angapo pambuyo pa nkhondo, adayendayenda padziko lonse lapansi, ndikuwongolera maphunziro omwe adayambitsa komanso situdiyo yoyeserera ya electro-acoustic mumzinda wa Gravesano. Kwa kanthawi Sherchen anatsogolera gulu la oimba la Vienna Symphony Orchestra.

Ndizovuta kutchula nyimbo, woimba woyamba amene anali Sherhen mu moyo wake. Ndipo osati woimba yekha, komanso wolemba nawo, wolimbikitsa olemba ambiri. Pakati pa masewero ambiri oyambilira omwe adatsogoleredwa ndi iye ndi nyimbo ya violin yolembedwa ndi B. Bartok, zidutswa za okhestra za "Wozzeck" zolembedwa ndi A. Berg, opera "Lukull" yolembedwa ndi P. Dessau ndi "White Rose" yolemba V. Fortner, "Amayi "Wolemba A. Haba ndi "Nocturne" wolemba A. Honegger, amagwira ntchito ndi olemba a mibadwo yonse - kuchokera ku Hindemith, Roussel, Schoenberg, Malipiero, Egk ndi Hartmann kupita ku Nono, Boulez, Penderecki, Maderna ndi oimira ena amakono a avant-garde.

Sherchen nthawi zambiri ankanyozedwa chifukwa chosawerengeka, poyesa kufalitsa chirichonse chatsopano, kuphatikizapo zomwe sizinapitirire kupitirira kuyesa. Zowonadi, sizinthu zonse zomwe zidachitika motsogozedwa ndi iye pambuyo pake zidapeza ufulu wokhala nzika pabwalo lamasewera. Koma Sherchen sananamizire kukhala. Chikhumbo chosowa cha chirichonse chatsopano, kukonzekera kuthandizira kufufuza kulikonse, kutenga nawo mbali, chikhumbo chopeza mwa iwo chinthu choyenera, chofunikira nthawi zonse chimasiyanitsa wotsogolera, kumupangitsa kukhala wokondedwa komanso pafupi ndi achinyamata oimba.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, Sherchen mosakayikira anali munthu wamalingaliro apamwamba. Anali ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi oyambitsa kusintha a Kumadzulo ndi nyimbo zachinyamata za Soviet. chidwi ichi anasonyeza kuti Sherkhen anali mmodzi wa zisudzo woyamba kumadzulo kwa angapo a olemba athu - Prokofiev, Shostakovich, Veprik, Myaskovsky, Shekhter ndi ena. Wojambulayo adapita ku USSR kawiri ndikuphatikizanso ntchito za olemba Soviet mu pulogalamu yake yoyendera. Mu 1927, atafika ku USSR kwa nthawi yoyamba, Sherhen anachita Seventh Symphony ya Myaskovsky, yomwe inakhala mapeto a ulendo wake. "Sewero la symphony ya Myaskovsky linakhala vumbulutso lenileni - ndi mphamvu yotereyi ndi kukopa koteroko kunaperekedwa ndi wotsogolera, yemwe anatsimikizira ndi ntchito yake yoyamba ku Moscow kuti iye ndi womasulira wodabwitsa wa ntchito za kalembedwe katsopano. ” analemba wotsutsa magazini ya Life of Art. , titero kunena kwake, mphatso yachilengedwe pakuyimba kwa nyimbo zatsopano, Scherchen nayenso ndi wochita chidwi kwambiri ndi nyimbo zachikale, zomwe adazitsimikizira ndikuchita mochokera pansi pamtima paukadaulo komanso mwaluso wovuta wa Beethoven-Weingartner fugue.

Sherchen anamwalira pa malo a kondakitala; masiku angapo imfa yake isanachitike, adachita konsati ya nyimbo zaposachedwa kwambiri za Chifalansa ndi Chipolishi ku Bordeaux, kenako adawongolera sewero la DF Malipiero la Orpheida ku Florence Music Festival.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek