Yuri Mazurok (Yuri Mazurok) |

Yuri Mazurok

Anabadwa July 18, 1931 mumzinda wa Krasnik, Lublin Voivodeship (Poland). Mwana - Mazurok Yuri Yuryevich (wobadwa mu 1965), woimba piyano.

Ubwana wa woimba m'tsogolo unadutsa ku Ukraine, umene wakhala wotchuka chifukwa cha mawu ake okongola. Yuri anayamba kuimba, monga ambiri anaimba, popanda kuganizira za ntchito ya woimba. Nditamaliza sukulu ya sekondale, iye analowa Lviv Polytechnic Institute.

M'zaka za ophunzira, Yuri adakondwera ndi zisudzo za nyimbo - osati monga owonerera, komanso ngati wochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kumene luso lake lapadera la mawu linawululidwa. Posakhalitsa, Mazurok adadziwika kuti "Premier" wa studio ya opera ya Institute, yomwe adachita mbali za Eugene Onegin ndi Germont.

Osati aphunzitsi okha a situdiyo amateur anali chidwi ndi luso la mnyamatayo. Iye mobwerezabwereza anamva malangizo mwaukadaulo kuchita vocals ambiri, makamaka, kwa munthu wolemekezeka kwambiri mu mzinda, soloist wa Lviv Opera House, People's Artist wa USSR P. Karmalyuk. Yuri anazengereza kwa nthawi yaitali, chifukwa anali atatsimikizira kale ngati injiniya petroleum (mu 1955 anamaliza maphunziro a Institute ndipo analowa sukulu). Mlandu unagamula mlanduwo. Mu 1960, ali paulendo wamalonda ku Moscow, Mazurok anaika pangozi "kuyesera mwayi wake": anadza ku audition ku Conservatory. Koma sizinangochitika mwangozi: adabweretsedwa ku Conservatory ndi chilakolako cha luso, nyimbo, kuimba ...

Kuyambira masitepe oyambirira luso luso Yuri Mazurok anali ndi mwayi ndi mphunzitsi wake. Pulofesa SI Migai, m'mbuyomu mmodzi wa baritones wotchuka, yemwe adachita ndi zowunikira za siteji ya opera ya ku Russia - F. Chaliapin, L. Sobinov, A. Nezhdanova - poyamba ku Mariinsky, ndiyeno kwa zaka zambiri - ku Bolshoi Zisudzo. Wokangalika, tcheru, wokondwa kwambiri munthu SERGEY Ivanovich anali wopanda chifundo mu ziweruzo zake, koma ngati anakumana ndi talente woona, ankawasamalira ndi chisamaliro osowa ndi chidwi. Atamvetsera zimene Yuri ananena, iye anati: “Ndikuona kuti ndiwe katswiri wa zomangamanga. Koma ndikuganiza kuti mutha kusiya chemistry ndi mafuta pakadali pano. Tengani mawu. ” Kuyambira tsiku limenelo, maganizo a SI Blinking adatsimikiza njira ya Yuri Mazurok.

SI Migai anamutengera ku kalasi yake, akumazindikira mwa iye kuti ndi woyenerera wolowa m’malo mwa oimba abwino kwambiri a opera. Imfa inalepheretsa Sergei Ivanovich kubweretsa wophunzira wake ku dipuloma, ndipo alangizi ake otsatirawa anali - mpaka kumapeto kwa Conservatory, Pulofesa A. Dolivo, ndi kusukulu yomaliza maphunziro - Pulofesa AS Sveshnikov.

Poyamba, Yuri Mazurok anali ndi nthawi yovuta ku Conservatory. Kumene, iye anali wamkulu ndi odziwa zambiri kuposa ophunzira anzake, koma mwaukadaulo kwambiri zochepa wokonzeka: analibe maziko a chidziwitso nyimbo, maziko ongopeka anapeza, monga ena, pa sukulu nyimbo, pa koleji.

Nature adapatsa Yu. Mazurok okhala ndi baritone okhala ndi kukongola kwapadera kwa timbre, mitundu yayikulu, ngakhale m'marejista onse. Zoseweredwa m'masewera a opera amateur zidamuthandiza kukhala ndi chidwi ndi siteji, kuphatikiza maluso amasewera, komanso kulumikizana ndi omvera. Koma sukulu imene iye anadutsa mu makalasi Conservatory, maganizo ake kwa ntchito ya wojambula opera, kusamala, khama ntchito, tcheru kukwaniritsa zofunika zonse aphunzitsi anatsimikiza njira yake ya kusintha, kugonjetsa utali wovuta wa luso.

Ndipo apa khalidwe linakhudzidwa - kupirira, khama komanso, chofunika kwambiri, kukonda kwambiri nyimbo ndi nyimbo.

N'zosadabwitsa kuti patapita nthawi yochepa kwambiri anayamba kulankhula za iye monga dzina latsopano, amene anaonekera pa mlengalenga opera. Pazaka 3 zokha, Mazurok adapambana mphoto pamipikisano ya mawu 3 yovuta kwambiri: akadali wophunzira, ku Prague Spring mu 1960 - yachiwiri; chaka chotsatira (kale mu "udindo") pa mpikisano wotchedwa George Enescu ku Bucharest - chachitatu ndipo, potsiriza, pa mpikisano wa II All-Union wotchedwa MI Glinka mu 1962, adagawana malo achiwiri ndi V. Atlantov. ndi M. Reshetin. Lingaliro la aphunzitsi, otsutsa nyimbo, ndi mamembala a jury anali, monga lamulo, mofanana: kufewa ndi kulemera kwa timbre, elasticity ndi kukongola kosowa kwa mawu ake - nyimbo za baritone, cantilena innate - zinadziwika makamaka.

M'zaka za Conservatory, woimbayo adathetsa ntchito zingapo zovuta. Ngwazi zake zinali Figaro wanzeru, waluso mu Rossini's The Barber of Seville ndi wokonda kwambiri Ferdinando (Prokofiev a Duenna), wojambula wosauka Marcel (Puccini's La bohème) ndi Tchaikovsky's Eugene Onegin - chiyambi cha mbiri yaukadaulo ya Yuri Mazurok.

"Eugene Onegin" adagwira ntchito yapadera pa moyo wa woimba ndi mapangidwe ake kulenga umunthu. Kwa nthawi yoyamba iye anaonekera pa siteji mu mutu gawo la opera izi mu zisudzo ankachita masewera; ndiye iye anachita mu situdiyo Conservatory ndipo, potsiriza, pa siteji ya Bolshoi Theatre (Mazurok analandiridwa mu gulu wophunzira mu 1963). Gawoli lidachitidwa bwino ndi iye pazigawo za nyumba zotsogola zapadziko lonse lapansi - ku London, Milan, Toulouse, New York, Tokyo, Paris, Warsaw ... nyimbo, tanthauzo la mawu aliwonse, gawo lililonse.

Ndipo Onegin yosiyana kwambiri ku Mazurok - mumasewero a Bolshoi Theatre. Apa wojambulayo amasankha chithunzicho mwanjira ina, kufika kukuya kwachilendo kwamaganizo, kubweretsa masewero a kusungulumwa omwe amawononga umunthu waumunthu. Onegin Wake ndi umunthu wapadziko lapansi, prosaic, ndi khalidwe losinthika ndi lotsutsana. Mazurok akuwonetsa zovuta zonse za kugunda kwauzimu kwa ngwazi yake modabwitsa komanso modabwitsa, moona, palibe komwe kumagwera mu melodramatism ndi njira zabodza.

Pambuyo pa udindo wa Onegin, wojambulayo adapambana mayeso ena akuluakulu komanso odalirika pa Bolshoi Theatre, akugwira ntchito ya Prince Andrei mu Prokofiev War and Peace. Kuphatikiza pazovuta zamagulu onse, zovuta zamasewera, pomwe anthu ambiri amachitapo kanthu motero luso lapadera loyankhulana ndi abwenzi limafunikira, chithunzichi chokha chimakhala chovuta kwambiri mu nyimbo, mawu komanso siteji. . Kumveka bwino kwa mimba ya wosewera, kulamulira kwaufulu kwa mawu, kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya mawu ndi kusasinthika kwa siteji kunathandiza woimbayo kujambula chithunzi chamaganizo cha ngwazi ya Tolstoy ndi Prokofiev.

Y. Mazurok adagwira ntchito ya Andrei Bolkonsky mu sewero loyamba la Nkhondo ndi Mtendere paulendo wa Bolshoi Theatre ku Italy. Atolankhani ambiri yachilendo anayamikira luso lake ndipo anamupatsa, pamodzi ndi woimba wa Natasha Rostova - Tamara Milashkina, kutsogolera malo.

Imodzi mwa "korona" udindo wa wojambula anali chifaniziro cha Figaro mu "Barber wa Seville" ndi Rossini. Ntchitoyi idachitidwa ndi iye mosavuta, wanzeru, wanzeru komanso wachisomo. Cavatina wotchuka wa Figaro adawoneka ngati wowopsa pakuchita kwake. Koma mosiyana ndi oimba ambiri, omwe nthawi zambiri amasandutsa nambala yomveka bwino yosonyeza luso la virtuoso, cavatina ya Mazurok inavumbulutsa khalidwe la ngwaziyo - khalidwe lake lachangu, kutsimikiza mtima, mphamvu zakuthwa zowonera ndi nthabwala.

Zolemba za Yu.A. Mazurok ndi otambalala kwambiri. M'zaka za ntchito mu gulu la Bolshoi Theatre, Yuri Antonovich anachita pafupifupi mbali zonse baritone (onse m'nyimbo ndi chidwi!) amene anali mu repertoire zisudzo. Ambiri a iwo ndi chitsanzo cha luso la sewero ndipo anganenedwe chifukwa cha kupambana kwabwino kwa sukulu ya opera ya dziko.

Kuwonjezera pa masewera omwe tawatchula pamwambapa, ngwazi zake zinali Yeletsky mu Tchaikovsky's The Queen of Spades, ndi chikondi chake chopambana; Germont ku Verdi's La Traviata ndi wolemekezeka olemekezeka, omwe, komabe, ulemu ndi mbiri ya banja ndizoposa zonse; wonyada, wodzikuza Count di Luna mu Verdi's Il trovatore; Demetrius wouma khosi sloth, yemwe amadzipeza ali m'mitundu yonse ya nthabwala ("A Midsummer Night's Dream" ndi Britten); m'chikondi ndi dziko lake ndi mochititsa chidwi kunena za mayesero chozizwitsa cha chilengedwe ku Venice, Vedenets mlendo ku Sadko Rimsky-Korsakov; Marquis di Posa - wamkulu wonyada, wolimba mtima wa ku Spain, mopanda mantha kupereka moyo wake chifukwa cha chilungamo, chifukwa cha ufulu wa anthu ("Don Carlos" ndi Verdi) ndi antipode yake - mkulu wa apolisi Scarpia ("Tosca" ndi Puccini); womenyana ndi ng'ombe wokongola kwambiri Escamillo (Carmen wolembedwa ndi Bizet) ndi woyendetsa ngalawa Ilyusha, kamnyamata kakang'ono yemwe anapanga kusintha (October ndi Muradeli); achichepere, osasamala, opanda mantha Tsarev (Prokofiev a Semyon Kotko) ndi duma kalaliki Shchelkalov (Mussorgsky a Boris Godunov). Mndandanda wa maudindo Yu.A. The mazurok inapitilizidwa ndi Albert (“Werther” Massenet), Valentin (“Faust” ndi Gounod), Guglielmo (“All Women Do It” ndi Mozart), Renato (“Un ballo in maschera” by Verdi), Silvio (“Pagliacci” ” by Leoncavallo), Mazepa (“ Mazepa by Tchaikovsky), Rigoletto (Verdi’s Rigoletto), Enrico Aston (Donizetti’s Lucia di Lammermoor), Amonasro (Verdi’s Aida).

Chilichonse mwa maphwandowa, kuphatikizanso maudindo achidule a episodic, chimadziwika ndi luso lathunthu la lingaliro, kulingalira ndi kukonzanso kwa sitiroko iliyonse, tsatanetsatane uliwonse, zimadabwitsa ndi mphamvu zamaganizidwe, kukwaniritsidwa kwathunthu. Woimbayo samagawanitsa gawo la opera mu ziwerengero zosiyana, ma arias, ensembles, koma amakwaniritsa kutambasula kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto kwa mzere wa kupyolera mu chitukuko cha chithunzicho, potero kuthandizira kupanga chidziwitso cha kukhulupirika, kukwanira kokwanira kwa chithunzi cha ngwazi, kufunikira kwa zochita zake zonse, zochita zake, kaya ndi ngwazi yamasewera a opera kapena katchulidwe kakang'ono ka mawu.

Luso lake lapamwamba kwambiri, kulamulira kwabwino kwa mawu kuchokera pamasitepe oyambirira pa siteji kunayamikiridwa osati ndi okonda zojambula za opera, komanso ndi ojambula anzake. Irina Konstantinovna Arkhipovna analembapo kuti: “Nthaŵi zonse ndimaona kuti Y. Mazurok ndi woimba waluso, zoimba zake zimakhala zokometsera za sewero lililonse, pagawo lililonse lodziwika bwino la zisudzo padziko lonse lapansi. Onegin wake, Yeletsky, Prince Andrei, mlendo wa Vedenets, Germont, Figaro, di Posa, Demetrius, Tsarev ndi zithunzi zina zambiri zimadziwika ndi khalidwe lamkati lamkati, lomwe limadziwonetsera kunja mopanda malire, lomwe ndi lachibadwa kwa iye. zovuta zonse maganizo, maganizo ndi woimba akufotokoza zochita za ngwazi zake ndi njira mawu. M'mawu a woimba, zotanuka ngati chingwe, phokoso lokongola, mumayendedwe ake onse pali kale ulemu, ulemu ndi makhalidwe ena ambiri a ngwazi zake za opera - owerengera, akalonga, omenyana. Izi zikutanthauza kuti iye ali ndi luso lopanga zinthu.”

Ntchito zopanga za Yu.A. Mazurok sanagwire ntchito ku Bolshoi Theatre. Iye anachita mu zisudzo za nyumba zina za opera wa dziko, anatenga gawo mu kupanga makampani achilendo Opera. Mu 1975, woimbayo adasewera Renato mu Verdi's Un ballo mu maschera ku Covent Garden. Mu nyengo ya 1978/1979, adayambanso ku Metropolitan Opera monga Germont, komwe adachitanso gawo la Scarpia ku Tosca ya Puccini mu 1993. Scarpia Mazuroka amasiyana m'njira zambiri ndi kutanthauzira kwachizolowezi kwa chithunzichi: nthawi zambiri, ochita zisudzo amatsindika kuti mkulu wa apolisi ndi munthu wopanda mzimu, wankhanza, wopondereza. Yu.A. Mazurok, nayenso ndi wanzeru, ndipo ali ndi mphamvu zazikulu, zomwe zimamupangitsa kubisala chilakolako, chinyengo pansi pa kuswana kwabwino kwabwino, kupondereza malingaliro ndi kulingalira.

Yuri Mazurok anayendera dziko ndi kunja ndi zoimbaimba payekha kwambiri ndi bwino. Chipinda chokulirapo cha woimbayo chimaphatikizapo nyimbo ndi zachikondi za olemba aku Russia ndi Western Europe - Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninov, Rimsky-Korsakov, Schubert, Schumann, Grieg, Mahler, Ravel, maulendo anyimbo ndi zachikondi za Shaporin, Khrennikov, Kabalevsky, nyimbo zachi Ukraine. Nambala iliyonse ya pulogalamu yake ndi mawonekedwe athunthu, zojambulajambula, chithunzi, dziko, khalidwe, maganizo a ngwazi. “Amayimba modabwitsa… Ngati ayimba Monteverdi kapena Mascagni, ndiye kuti nyimboyi idzakhala ya Chitaliyana nthawi zonse ku Mazurok ... Ku Tchaikovsky ndi Rachmaninov nthawi zonse kudzakhala "mfundo yaku Russia" yosathawika komanso yapamwamba ... mu Schubert ndi Schumann zonse zidzatsimikiziridwa ndi chikondi chenicheni ... limasonyeza luntha loona ndi luntha la woimba " (IK Arkhipova).

Lingaliro la kalembedwe, kumvetsetsa bwino kwa chikhalidwe cha zolemba za nyimbo za wolemba mmodzi kapena wina - makhalidwe awa adawonekera mu ntchito ya Yuri Mazurok kale kumayambiriro kwa ntchito yake yoimba. Umboni woonekeratu wa izi ndi kupambana pa mpikisano wapadziko lonse wa mawu ku Montreal mu 1967. Mpikisano ku Montreal unali wovuta kwambiri: pulogalamuyi inaphatikizapo ntchito zochokera ku sukulu zosiyanasiyana - kuchokera ku Bach kupita ku Hindemith. Nyimbo yovuta kwambiri ya wolemba nyimbo wa ku Canada Harry Sommers "Cayas" (yotanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Indian - "Kale"), kutengera nyimbo ndi zolemba zenizeni za Amwenye aku Canada, adaperekedwa ngati lamulo kwa onse omwe akupikisana nawo. Mazurok ndiye adakwanitsa kuthana ndi zovuta zamatchulidwe ndi ma lexical, zomwe zidamupatsa ulemu komanso nthabwala dzina loti "Indian waku Canada" kuchokera kwa anthu. Anazindikiridwa ndi oweruza kuti ndi opambana kwambiri mwa opikisana nawo 37 omwe akuyimira mayiko 17 padziko lapansi.

Yu.A. Mazurok - People's Artist wa USSR (1976) ndi RSFSR (1972), Wolemekezeka Wojambula wa RSFSR (1968). Anapatsidwa ma Orders awiri a Red Banner of Labor. Mu 1996, adalandira "Firebird" - mphoto yapamwamba kwambiri ya International Union of Musical Figures.