Njira yowonera mgwirizano wanyimbo

Tikamalankhula za nyimbo, timakhala ndi mthandizi wabwino kwambiri - ndodo.

Kuyang'ana chithunzichi, ngakhale munthu amene sadziwa bwino nyimbo amatha kudziwa mosavuta pamene nyimboyo ikukwera mmwamba, pamene ikutsika, pamene kayendedwe kameneka kamakhala kosalala, komanso kadumpha. Timawona kuti ndi zolemba ziti zomwe zili pafupi kwambiri ndi zomwe zili patali.

Koma m'munda wa mgwirizano, chirichonse chikuwoneka chosiyana kwambiri: zolemba zapafupi, mwachitsanzo, ku и ре zimamveka zosagwirizana, komanso zakutali, mwachitsanzo, ku и E - zambiri zomveka. Pakati pa consonant kwathunthu chachinayi ndi chachisanu ndi tritone kwathunthu dissonant. Lingaliro la mgwirizano limakhala mwanjira ina "yopanda mzere".

Kodi n'zotheka kutenga chithunzi chowoneka chotere, kuyang'ana momwe tingathere mosavuta momwe "harmonically" zolemba ziwiri zili pafupi wina ndi mzake?

 "Valences" ya phokoso

Tiyeni tikumbukirenso momwe phokoso limapangidwira (mkuyu 1).

Mzere uliwonse woyimirira pa graph umayimira ma harmonics a phokoso. Onsewa ndi machulukitsidwe a kamvekedwe koyambira, ndiko kuti, ma frequency awo ndi 2, 3, 4 … (ndi zina zotero) kuwirikiza kawiri kamvekedwe ka mawu oyambira. Aliyense harmonic ndi otchedwa mawu a monochrome, ndiko kuti, phokoso lomwe limakhala ndi ma frequency a oscillation.

Tikamaimba cholemba chimodzi, timakhala tikupanga phokoso lalikulu la monochrome. Mwachitsanzo, ngati cholemba chikuseweredwa kwa octave yaying'ono, omwe mafupipafupi ake ndi 220 Hz, nthawi yomweyo monochromatic amamveka pafupipafupi 440 Hz, 660 Hz, 880 Hz ndi zina zotero (pafupifupi phokoso la 90 mkati mwa makutu a anthu).

Podziwa mawonekedwe a ma harmonics, tiyeni tiyese kulingalira momwe tingagwirizanitse mawu awiri m'njira yosavuta.

Njira yoyamba, yosavuta, ndikutenga mawu awiri omwe ma frequency amasiyana ndendende nthawi ziwiri. Tiyeni tiwone momwe zikuwonekera potsata ma harmonics, ndikuyika phokoso pansi pa chimzake (mkuyu 2).

Tikuwona kuti pakuphatikiza uku, mawuwo amakhala ndi ofanana sekondi iliyonse (ma harmonics amawonetsedwa mofiira). Phokoso ziwirizi zimafanana kwambiri - 50%. Adzakhala "mogwirizana" pafupi kwambiri wina ndi mzake.

Kuphatikiza kwa mawu awiri, monga mukudziwa, kumatchedwa interval. Nthawi yomwe ikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 2 imatchedwa octave.

Ndikoyenera kutchula padera kuti nthawi yotereyi "yogwirizana" ndi octave si mwangozi. Ndipotu, mbiriyakale, ndondomekoyi, ndithudi, inali yosiyana: poyamba anamva kuti mawu awiri otere amamveka pamodzi bwino komanso mogwirizana, anakonza njira yopangira nthawiyi, ndiyeno amatchedwa "octave". Njira yomangira ndiyo yoyamba, ndipo dzina ndi yachiwiri.

Njira yotsatira yolankhulirana ndiyo kutenga maphokoso awiri, mafupipafupi omwe amasiyana ndi maulendo atatu (mkuyu 3).

Tikuwona kuti apa mawu awiriwa ali ndi zofanana zambiri - ma harmonic atatu aliwonse. Phokoso ziwirizi zidzakhalanso zoyandikana kwambiri, ndipo nthawiyo, motero, idzakhala consonant. Pogwiritsa ntchito chilinganizo kuchokera pacholemba cham'mbuyomu, mutha kuwerengera kuti kuchuluka kwa ma consonance pafupipafupi ndi 33,3%.

Nthawi imeneyi imatchedwa duodecima kapena chachisanu kupyolera mu octave.

Ndipo potsirizira pake, njira yachitatu yolankhulirana, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nyimbo zamakono, ndikutenga mawu awiri ndi kusiyana kwa macheza a 5 nthawi (mkuyu 4).

Nthawi yotereyi ilibe ngakhale dzina lake, imatha kutchedwa gawo lachitatu pambuyo pa ma octave awiri, komabe, monga tikuwonera, kuphatikiza uku kulinso ndi mulingo wokulirapo wa consonance - wachisanu chilichonse chimagwirizana.

Chifukwa chake, tili ndi zolumikizana zitatu zosavuta pakati pa zolemba - octave, duodecim ndi lachitatu kudzera pama octave awiri. Tizitcha izi zoyambira. Tiye timve mmene akumvekera.

Audio 1. Octave

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Audio 2. Duodecima

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Audio 3. Chachitatu kupyolera mu octave

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Konsonanti ndithu. Pakapita nthawi, phokoso lapamwamba limakhala ndi ma harmonics pansi ndipo silimawonjezera phokoso la monochrome pa phokoso lake. Kuti tifananize, tiyeni timvetsere momwe cholemba chimodzi chikumvekera ku ndi zolemba zinayi: ku, phokoso la octave, phokoso la duodecimal, ndi phokoso lapamwamba ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a octave aŵiri aliwonse.

Audio 4. Kumveka kwa

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Audio 5. Chord: CCSE

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Monga tikumvera, kusiyana kuli kochepa, ma harmonics ochepa chabe a mawu oyambirira "amakulitsa".

Koma kubwerera ku zoyambira intervals.

Malo ambiri

Ngati tisankha zolemba zina (mwachitsanzo, ku), ndiye zolemba zomwe zili gawo limodzi lofunikira kutali ndi izo zidzakhala "harmonically" pafupi kwambiri ndi izo. Yapafupi kwambiri idzakhala octave, patsogolo pang'ono ndi duodecimal, ndipo kumbuyo kwawo - yachitatu kupyolera mu ma octave awiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, pa nthawi iliyonse yoyambira, titha kuchita zingapo. Mwachitsanzo, titha kupanga phokoso la octave, kenako ndikutenga gawo lina la octave kuchokera pamenepo. Kuti tichite izi, pafupipafupi phokoso loyambirira liyenera kuchulukitsidwa ndi 2 (timalandira phokoso la octave), ndiyeno kuchulukitsa ndi 2 kachiwiri (timalandira octave kuchokera ku octave). Chotsatira chake ndi phokoso lomwe liri lokwera maulendo 4 kuposa oyambirira. Pachithunzichi, zidzawoneka ngati izi (mkuyu 5).

Zitha kuwoneka kuti ndi sitepe iliyonse yotsatira, phokoso limakhala lochepa kwambiri. Tikupita kutali ndi consonance.

Mwa njira, apa tiwona chifukwa chomwe tidatengera kuchulukitsa ndi 2, 3 ndi 5 ngati magawo oyambira, ndikudumpha kuchulukitsa ndi 4. Kuchulukitsa ndi 4 sinthawi yoyambira, chifukwa titha kuyipeza pogwiritsa ntchito magawo omwe alipo kale. Pamenepa, kuchulukitsa ndi 4 ndi masitepe awiri octave.

Zinthu ndizosiyana ndi magawo oyambira: ndizosatheka kuwapeza kuchokera kumagawo ena oyambira. Ndikosatheka, pochulukitsa 2 ndi 3, kuti musapeze nambala 5 yokha, kapena mphamvu zake zilizonse. Mwanjira ina, magawo oyambira amakhala "perpendicular" wina ndi mnzake.

Tiyeni tiyese kuzijambula.

Tiyeni tijambule nkhwangwa zitatu perpendicular (mkuyu 6). Kwa aliyense wa iwo, tidzakonza kuchuluka kwa masitepe pa nthawi iliyonse yoyambira: pa axis yolunjika kwa ife, chiwerengero cha masitepe a octave, pamtunda wopingasa, masitepe a duodecimal, ndi pamtunda woyimirira, masitepe apamwamba.

Tchati choterocho chidzatchedwa danga la kuchulukana.

Kuwona malo okhala ndi mbali zitatu pa ndege kumakhala kovutirapo, koma tiyesetsa.

Pa axis, yomwe yalunjika kwa ife, timayika pambali ma octaves. Popeza zolemba zonse zomwe zili motalikirana ndi octave zimatchulidwa chimodzimodzi, mzerewu udzakhala wosasangalatsa kwambiri kwa ife. Koma ndegeyo, yomwe imapangidwa ndi duodecimal (chachisanu) ndi tertian nkhwangwa, tidzayang'anitsitsa (mkuyu 7).

Pano zolembazo zikuwonetsedwa ndi zowomba, ngati n'koyenera, zikhoza kutchulidwa ngati enharmonic (ndiko kuti, mofanana ndi phokoso) ndi ma flats.

Tiyeni tibwerezenso momwe ndegeyi imapangidwira.

Titasankha cholemba chilichonse, sitepe imodzi kumanja kwake, timayika cholemba chomwe chili pamwamba pa duodecime, kumanzere - duodecim imodzi pansi. Kutenga masitepe awiri kumanja, timapeza duodecyma kuchokera ku duodecyma. Mwachitsanzo, kutenga masitepe awiri a duodecimal pacholembacho ku, timapeza chidziwitso ре.

Sitepe imodzi motsatira mbali yoyimirira ndi yachitatu kupyolera mu ma octave awiri. Tikakwera masitepe motsatira axis, iyi ndi gawo lachitatu kupyola ma octave awiri mmwamba, tikatsika masitepe, nthawiyi imayikidwa.

Mutha kuchoka pa cholemba chilichonse komanso mbali iliyonse.

Tiyeni tiwone momwe dongosololi limagwirira ntchito.

Timasankha cholemba. Kupanga masitepe kuchokera zolemba, timapeza cholemba pang'ono komanso chocheperako ndi choyambirira. Choncho, pamene zolembazo zimachokera kumtunda wina ndi mzake mu danga ili, nthawi yochepa ya makonsonanti imapanga. Zolemba zapafupi kwambiri ndi oyandikana nawo pafupi ndi octave axis (yomwe, titero, imalunjika kwa ife), patsogolo pang'ono - oyandikana nawo pafupi ndi duodecimal, komanso kupitirira - motsatira terts.

Mwachitsanzo, kuti mutenge kuchokera ku cholembacho ku mpaka pano anu, tiyenera kutenga gawo limodzi la duodecimal (tipeza mchere), ndiyeno imodzi imatchula, motsatira, nthawi yotsatila kuchita-inde adzakhala ma consonant ochepa kuposa duodecime kapena lachitatu.

Ngati "mtunda" mu PC ndi wofanana, ndiye kuti ma consonances a nthawi yofanana adzakhala ofanana. Chinthu chokhacho chomwe sitiyenera kuiwala za octave axis, yomwe ilipo mosawoneka muzomanga zonse.

Ndichithunzichi chomwe chikuwonetsa momwe zolembazo ziliri pafupi "harmonically". Ndi pa chiwembu ichi kuti n'zomveka kuganizira zomanga zonse harmonic.

Mutha kuwerenga zambiri za momwe mungachitire izi mu "Building Musical Systems"Chabwino, tidzakambirana za izo nthawi ina.

Wolemba - Roman Oleinikov