Kodi kusewera gitala ndi mkhalapakati?

Pali zida zambiri zoimbira, zomwe zimamveka zomveka ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana: ndodo zamatabwa, nyundo, mauta, nthiti, ndi zina zotero. Koma posewera magitala acoustic ndi magetsi, mbale zapadera za mawonekedwe a mtima kapena katatu, otchedwa "picks", amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Tizigawo tating'onoting'ono timeneti tothandizira kupanga zokuzira mawu kudayamba mbiri yawo nthawi zakale poyimba zida zanyimbo zambiri m'madera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Koma mkhalapakati adatchuka kwambiri ndi kubwera kwa magitala amagetsi, omwe akufotokozedwa ndi mfundo yakuti palibenso njira yabwino yowasewera, kupatula ngati mkhalapakati.

Kale kwambiri, mkhalapakati ankatchedwa "plectrum", ndipo inali fupa la mafupa. Anagwiritsidwa ntchito poyimba zeze, zither, cithara. Pambuyo pake, plectrum inagwiritsidwa ntchito kutulutsa mawu kuchokera ku lute, vihuela (woyambitsa gitala yamakono) ndi mandolin. Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 18, zida zambiri za zingwe, kuphatikizapo gitala, zinkaimbidwa ndi zala. Ndiyenera kunena kuti dzina lakuti "plectrum" lakhalapo mpaka lero. Pakati pa oimba magitala a rock, dzina la mkhalapakati wokhala ndi mawu oti “peak” lazika mizu.

Mkhalapakati wamakono amawoneka ngati mbale yaying'ono, yomwe mawonekedwe ake amatha kusiyana kwambiri. Tsopano chinthu chachikulu chopangira gitala ichi ndi pulasitiki ndi zitsulo, ndipo poyamba plectrums zinalengedwa kuchokera ku nyanga, mafupa a nyama, zikopa zakuda. Kawirikawiri, komabe pali magulu a zipolopolo za kamba omwe amagulitsidwa, omwe amaonedwa kuti ndi ofunika kwambiri pakati pa oimba magitala.

Kuti phokoso la zingwe posewera ndi chosankha likhale lapamwamba kwambiri, komanso kuti likhale lotetezeka komanso lokhazikika m'manja mwanu, muyenera kuphunzira momwe mungagwirire bwino. Zachidziwikire, magitala ambiri ali ndi zida zawo zapadera, koma muyenera kudziwa kuti pali njira zabwino zokhazikitsira dzanja lamanja posankha njira yosewera gitala, komanso malamulo ovomerezeka oti mugwire ndi zala zanu. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka pamlingo woyambira kusewera, pomwe woyimba gitala akungophunzira kugwiritsa ntchito chidacho ndi zina zowonjezera.

The plectrum mu mawonekedwe a makona atatu amatengedwa ndi kupinda chikhatho cha dzanja lamanja ngati n'koyenera kugwira chikho ndi chogwirira. Mbaleyo ili pamphepete mwa chala cholozera ndi pakati mwachindunji pamalire a phalanges otsiriza ndi penultimate, ndipo kuchokera pamwamba pake amapanikizidwa ndi chala chachikulu. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mapeto akuthwa (ogwira ntchito) a mkhalapakati amatembenuzidwa kumbali yamkati ya kanjedza pamtunda wa madigiri 90 mpaka mzere wautali wa dzanja. Ponena za zala zonse, potenga ndikukonza mkhalapakati, ndi bwino kuziwongola kuti zisakhudze zingwe.

Kugwira chosankha poyimba gitala yoyimba sikusiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe tafotokozazi. Ndikofunika kuti chosankhacho chisatulukire kwambiri, koma nthawi yomweyo chimagwira bwino zingwe. Njira iyi yogwirizira plectrum ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito pa gitala lachikale, koma ndi bwino kuti musachite izi - zingwe za nayiloni sizidzapirira nkhanza zoterezi kwa nthawi yaitali: zidzatha kukhala zosagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa cha kuphulika mofulumira.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti poyimba gitala, dzanja lokha ndiloyenera kugwira ntchito ngati chosankha. Mbali yotsala ya mkono imasiyidwa kuti isatope. Pamalo oyenera, ndikofunikira kuyika dzanja (kumbuyo) pathupi la chida pamwamba pa zingwe. Pankhaniyi, mkhalapakati ayenera kufika mosavuta iliyonse ya zingwe zisanu ndi chimodzi. Monga lamulo, ndege ya plectrum imagwiridwa pamtunda wina pokhudzana ndi zingwe kuti zisawonongeke ndi nsonga yake. Iwo samasewera ndi mfundo, koma ndi m'mphepete mwa mbale: kugunda pa chingwe pansi kumapangidwa chifukwa cha m'mphepete mwa kunja kwa chojambulacho, ndipo kuwombera kuchokera pansi kumachitidwa ndi m'mphepete mwamkati (pafupi ndi gitala. ).

Pamalo awa, mutha kusewera kwa nthawi yayitali ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana. Ndikoyenera kukhala ndi chizolowezi ndikusunga dzanja lanu momwemo kuti mupewe kutopa kwachangu kwa mkono ndi dzanja, zolakwika, ndi phokoso losafunika.

Dzanja likangozolowera kusankha bwino, mutha kuyamba kuchita masewera osiyanasiyana. Kuti muchite izi, ndikofunikira kupeza malo opanda phokoso pomwe palibe chomwe chingasokoneze. Ziyenera kumveka kuti nthawi yoyamba kusewera ndi chosankha pa gitala kudzakhala kovuta kwambiri. Zidzatengera kuchuluka kwa masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi kubwerezabwereza kubweretsa zonse ku automatism . Muyenera kumvetsera izi, osadandaula za luso lanu pasadakhale.

Musanaphunzire kuimba gitala ndi chala (arpeggio), choyamba muyenera kuphunzira momwe mungatengere plectrum m'manja mwanu, konzani dzanja lanu motetezeka ndikuphunzitsa kupanga mawu pazingwe. Ndikofunikira kugunda kanayi ndi mkhalapakati pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kenako pang'ono, ndi zotsatira zabwino, ndi stroke alternating (pansi-mmwamba). Zochita izi ziyenera kubwerezedwa pa chingwe chilichonse, kuyambira pansi. Zochita izi ziyenera kubwerezedwa mpaka zonse zikuyenda zokha komanso popanda zolakwika. Zotsatira zake, muyenera kuphunzira kusewera mwa kuwerengera, ndiye kuti, kusewera bwino komanso osayimitsa kamodzi pa chingwe chilichonse, mosinthana komanso mosasunthika. Pang'onopang'ono onjezerani liwiro, ndipo kuti mukhale kosavuta, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito metronome.

Mukatha kukonza bwino gawoli, mutha kulumikiza dzanja lamanzere. Tsopano mutha kuyang'ana kwambiri nyimboyo, koma nthawi yomweyo tcherani khutu kutulutsa kolondola kwa mawu. Ntchito ina ndikumenya ndi mkhalapakati osati pa chingwe chilichonse, koma kudzera m'modzi. Izi zimathandiza kuti minofu ikumbukire malo a chingwe china, chomwe pakapita nthawi chidzathandiza dzanja kuti liziwapeza mosavuta ngakhale ndi maso otsekedwa.

Pambuyo podziwa mbedza ina ya chingwe, mukhoza kupita ku njira zovuta kwambiri. Kuti brute atuluke wokongola, muyenera kuphunzira kuphatikiza zovuta za ndowe - kusinthana kwa zingwe zomwe zaphunziridwa kale zithandizira apa. Pang'onopang'ono, m'pofunika kuwonjezera osati liwiro, komanso mtunda. Pankhaniyi, ndi bwino kuyamba ndi chords zosavuta.

Masewera ogwiritsira ntchito mawerengero amafunikira kuti adziwe bwino ndi njira yosinthira sitiroko. Zikuoneka kuti kugunda kotsatira pa chingwe kuyenera kuchitidwa mbali ina. Simungathe kumamatira chingwecho pansi nthawi zonse kapena mmwamba. Mwachitsanzo, ngati chingwe choyamba chinamenyedwa pansi, chotsatiracho chidzamenyedwa kuchokera pansi mpaka pansi, kenako pansi, kenako mmwamba. Masewera ayenera kuyambika ndikugunda chingwe pansi.

Posewera ndi mphamvu yankhanza, mayendedwe amayenera kupangidwa ndi burashi. Matalikidwe ayenera kukhala ochepa, ndipo dzanja likhale lomasuka. Moyenera, iyenera kupumula motsutsana ndi thupi la gitala kuti mupumule bwino. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti phokosolo liri losalala komanso lomveka bwino, popanda kusokoneza kapena kupuma.

Kusankha zingwe ndi chosankha kumaonedwa kuti ndi kovuta kuposa kumenya. Ndi njira iyi, sizingagwire ntchito kunyalanyaza dzanja lanu lamanja posewera. Ndikofunikira nthawi zonse kuyang'ana momwe zilili komanso zomwe zala zikuchita. Mbaleyo isapatukire cham’mbali kapena kukhala yofanana ndi mizere ya zingwezo, osatchulanso kuichotsa pa zala.

Kuti muwonjezere liwiro la kutola ndi plectrum, mutha kuphunzira njira yapadera. Zili mu mfundo yakuti chingwe choyamba chimamatirira kuchokera pansi, ndipo chotsatira - kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi. Kuphatikiza apo, izi zimawonedwa pamitundu yonse yazakudya. Pankhaniyi, mayendedwe ochepa amapangidwa, ndipo kuthamanga kwa masewera kumawonjezeka.

Kulimbana ndi gitala yosankha pazingwe za gitala kuli ndi zosankha zambiri. Kwa oyamba kumene, zikwapu zosavuta zokwera ndi zotsika ndizoyenera. Pang'onopang'ono, muyenera kuonjezera liwiro, kumenyana ndi liwiro lotsika kapena mmwamba. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kusamutsa dzanja mosamalitsa ku chingwe chogwirira ntchito kuti dzanja lipange kusuntha kwa semicircle. Zochita zogwiritsidwa ntchito ziyenera kukhazikika mpaka phokoso limveke bwino, popanda phokoso losafunikira, popanda kugwedeza mwachisawawa, popanda mkhalapakati kugwa m'manja.

Kulimbana ndi chosankha pafupifupi sikusiyana ndi kumenyana ndi zala zanu. Chokhacho chokha ndichoti plectrum imayenda mmwamba ndi pansi popanda "othandizira" owonjezera (palibe kugawanika kumenyedwa kwa chala chachikulu ndi zala zina za dzanja lamanja). Zikwapu zonse zomwe zimadziwika zimatha kupangidwanso mosavuta ndi mbale. Pankhaniyi, chofunikira kwambiri ndikuchigwira bwino.

Pakati pa nkhondoyi pali mtundu wapadera wotchedwa "downstroke". Zimasiyana chifukwa ndikofunikira kumenya kokha. Njirayi imafuna kuyika mawu omveka ngati kumenya mwamphamvu pazingwe. Izi zikuthandizani kuti mukhalebe ndi rhythm komanso kumva bwino nyimboyo.

Posewera pankhondo, ndikofunikira kulingalira kuti ndikofunikira kumenya osati pamapewa, koma kuchokera pamanja. M'pofunika kuyesa kusunga zosafunika mayendedwe ang'onoang'ono ngati n'kotheka. Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kusankha mphamvu yokhuza yokwanira. Mukamasewera bwino, mkonowo uyenera kukhala wosasunthika. Ndi bwino kuchita luso limeneli nthawi yomweyo pa nyimbo.

Njira zomenyera nkhondo zimachitidwa ndi zala kapena kanjedza ndi zovuta pang'ono. Poyamba, wosankhayo amatha kusankha zingwe zowonjezera kapena kuchedwetsa, koma poyeserera izi zimatha. Mukasuntha dzanja lanu pansi, ndi bwino kuti mukweze pang'ono nsonga ya mbaleyo kuti imayenda motsatira zingwezo pakona. Pamene burashi ikukwera - nsonga ya mkhalapakati iyenera kusintha malo ake mosiyana. Muyenera kusuntha ngati mafunde, ndikutulutsa mawu ogwirizana.

Kuti mumve zambiri za momwe mungasewere gitala ndikusankha, onani kanema pansipa.