Momwe mungasankhire gitala lamayimbidwe

Gitala wamayimbidwe ndi chingwe kuzula zida zoimbira (zamitundu yambiri zokhala ndi zingwe zisanu ndi chimodzi) zochokera kubanja la gitala. Mapangidwe mawonekedwe a magitala otere ndi: kawirikawiri zingwe zitsulo, yopapatiza khosi ndi kukhalapo kwa a nangula (chitsulo ndodo) mkati mwa khosi kukonza kutalika kwa zingwe.

M'nkhaniyi, akatswiri a sitolo "Wophunzira" adzakuuzani momwe mungasankhire ndendende gitala lacoustic lomwe mukufuna, osati kulipira nthawi yomweyo. Kuti mutha kufotokozera bwino ndikulumikizana ndi nyimbo.

Kupanga gitala

Pomvetsetsa zoyambira za gitala lamayimbidwe, mudzatha kuwona ndikuzindikira ma nuances omwe angakuthandizeni kusankha chida choyenera kwambiri.

Kupanga gitala la acoustic

1. Zikhomo (peg mawonekedwe )  ndi zida zapadera zomwe zimayang'anira kulimba kwa zingwe pa zoimbira za zingwe, ndipo, choyamba, ndizomwe zimakhala ndi udindo wowongolera ngati china chilichonse. Zikhomo ndizofunika kukhala nazo pa chida chilichonse cha zingwe.

gitala zikhomo

2.  mtedza - tsatanetsatane wa zoimbira za zingwe (zoweramira ndi zina zodulira) zomwe zimakweza chingwe pamwamba pa chala mpaka kutalika kofunikira.

mtedza _

mtedza _

3. Kutuluka ndi zigawo zomwe zili m'mbali mwa utali wonse wa gitala khosi , zomwe zimatuluka zitsulo zopingasa zomwe zimathandiza kusintha phokoso ndi kusintha mawu. Komanso chisoni ndi mtunda pakati pa zigawo ziwirizi.

4.  bolodi pansi - gawo lamatabwa lalitali, lomwe zingwe zimakanikizidwa pamasewera kuti zisinthe.

gitala khosi

5. Chidendene cha khosi ndi malo amene khosi ndipo thupi la gitala limalumikizidwa . Kawirikawiri lingaliro ili ndilofunika kwa magitala a bawuti. Chidendene chokhacho chikhoza kugwedezeka kuti chifike bwino kumasula . Opanga magitala osiyanasiyana amachita mwanjira yawoyawo.

khosi chidendene

6. Nkhono - (kuchokera ku Ch. kukulunga mozungulira, kukulunga china chake) - mbali ya thupi (yopindika kapena yophatikizika) muses. zida. N'zosavuta kunena kuti chipolopolo ndi makoma a mbali.

chipolopolo

7. Chapamwamba sitimayo - mbali yathyathyathya ya thupi la chida choimbira cha zingwe, chomwe chimathandizira kukweza mawu.

Zomwe zimakhudza mawu

Ngakhale kuti amamanga ndi mapangidwe ofanana, magitala amayimba amasiyana zinthu zofunika zomwe zimakhudza kamvekedwe, magwiridwe antchito, ndi kamvekedwe ka chidacho. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• mtundu wa chipolopolo
• zakuthupi
• khosi m'lifupi ndi kutalika
• zingwe - nayiloni kapena zitsulo
• mtundu wamayimbidwe nkhuni

Kudziwa ma nuances m'magulu onsewa kudzakuthandizani kusankha bwino pogula gitala lamayimbidwe.

Mitundu Yampanda: Chitonthozo ndi Sonority

Musanagule gitala, ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti, choyamba, ndinu kwathunthu kukhutitsidwa ndi phokoso cha chida ichi, ndipo kachiwiri , ndi yabwino kuti mugwire izo zonse kukhala ndi kuyimirira.

Thupi lalikulu la gitala ndi zokuzira mawu . Ambiri, a chachikulu ndi sitimayo , kumveka komveka bwino kwambiri. Kuphatikiza kwa thupi lalikulu ndi chiuno chopapatiza kumapangitsa gitala kukhala yabwino. Miyeso yeniyeni yamitundu yosiyanasiyana imatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera wopanga, koma pali mitundu ingapo yodziwika bwino yamagitala:

1. Wopanda mantha  ( Kusadandaula ) - muyezo Kumadzulo . Magitala okhala ndi thupi lotere amadziwika ndi zambiri kutchulidwa bass ndi “kubangula” kwachilendo. Gitala yotere ndi yabwino kusewera mu gulu limodzi ndikusewera mabimbi mu ami, koma pazigawo zaumwini sizingakhale zabwino nthawi zonse.
2. Mtundu wa Orchestral . Mtundu wa thupi la "orchestra model" umakhala ndi a mawu osalala ndi "ofewa". - kulinganiza bwino pakati pa zingwe zapansi ndi zapamwamba. Magitala awa ndi abwino kutola. Choyipa chachikulu ndichakuti chiwongola dzanja chochepa kwambiri, ngati, mwachitsanzo, mumasewera gitala ngati gulu loyimba. Komabe nthawi zambiri kulibe ma bass okwanira, makamaka ndimasewera ovuta.
3. jumbo - " jumbo ” (kukulitsa thupi). Mtundu wa gitala wamtundu uwu ndi wamtundu wa kunyengerera pakati ziwiri zam'mbuyo. Ubwino wake waukulu ndi thupi lalikulu lomwe limakulitsa phokoso mpaka mlingo wa muyezo Kumadzulo (nthawi zina zochulukirapo), komanso kusinthika kwake kofananira kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera komanso yoyandikana ndi mtundu wanyimbo wokhala ndi kamvekedwe kake ka "juwisi". ” jumbo ” magitala ndi oyenera nyimbo zosiyanasiyana, makamaka akamayimba pa siteji. Jumbo ya zingwe 12 ndiwotchukanso kwambiri .

Mitundu iwiri yoyambirira ya zomangamanga, zomwe zikadali zodziwika kwambiri komanso zofala mpaka pano, zidapangidwa ndi Martin. Chizungu ndi mitundu ya okhestra ndi Martin D-28 ndi Martin OM-28. Mapangidwe amtundu wachitatu, kapena m'malo mwake, ndi a kampani ya Gibson, momwe chitsanzo cha Gibson J-200 chikadali chachikhalidwe cha ku America " jumbo ” gitala.

Gitala thupi zakuthupi

Phokoso lopangidwa ndi zingwe za gitala limafalikira kudzera mu zomangira pa bolodi la mawu, lomwe limagwira ntchito ngati amplifier. Mtengo wopangira pamwamba uli ndi a chikoka choyambirira pa khalidwe la phokoso la chida. Ichi ndichifukwa chake, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, ndizokulirapo sitimayo , m’pamenenso amamveka mokweza.

Pamwamba sitimayo wa gitala wamayimbidwe akhoza kukhala olimba kapena laminated. Chokhazikika zokuzira mawu kaŵirikaŵiri amapangidwa kuchokera ku matabwa aŵiri amtundu umodzi wokhala ndi njere zofananira pakati. A laminated zokuzira mawu amapangidwa kuchokera ku matabwa angapo opanikizidwa palimodzi, ndipo pamwamba pake amapangidwa kuchokera kumitengo yamtengo wapatali kwambiri.

Laminate imagwedezeka kwambiri kuposa bolodi lolimba, kotero phokoso liri mofuula komanso wolemera . Komabe, gitala laminated ndi chisankho chabwino kwa oyamba kumene omwe akupeza chida chawo choyamba.

Zingwe: nayiloni kapena zitsulo

Pali malingaliro olakwika omwe anthu ambiri amati gitala loyamba la woyambitsa liyenera kukhala ndi zingwe za nayiloni chifukwa ndizosavuta kuyimba. Komabe, kusintha zingwe za nayiloni ndi zitsulo ndi mosemphanitsa ndi chida chomwecho ndi zosavomerezeka , ndipo kwenikweni n’kulakwa kuganiza kuti kusintha kuchokera ku mtundu wina wa chingwe kupita ku mtundu wina ndi luso ndiponso luso.

Kusankha kwanu ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi nyimbo zomwe mukufuna kuyimba. Phokoso lochokera ku zingwe za nayiloni ndi lofewa, losamveka. Zingwezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa magitala akale. Gitala lachikale lili ndi lalifupi, lalitali khosi (ndipo motero zingwe zotalikirana) kuposa gitala loyimba lachitsulo.

Zingwe zachitsulo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, makamaka mumitundu yanyimbo monga rock, pop, ndi dziko . Iwo amapereka a mawu okweza ndi olemera , mawonekedwe a gitala lamayimbidwe.

Miyezo ya khosi

Makulidwe ndi m'lifupi mwake khosi ndipo gitala zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi kukula kwa thupi. Makhalidwewa samakhudza kwambiri mawu ngati kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa chida. Pa magitala omvera, si ma frets onse omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala pakati pa mutu , koma 12 kapena 14 okha.

Poyamba, 13 ndi 14 kumasula zili pathupi ndipo zimakhala zovuta kuzifika. Ngati muli ndi manja ang'onoang'ono, sankhani gitala lamayimbidwe ndi ang'onoang'ono khosi m'mimba mwake.

Mitundu yamitengo yamagitala

Mukamagula gitala lamayimbidwe, Khalani tcheru kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhuni imapangidwira mbali zina za chidacho. Kudziwa momwe gitala yanu iyenera kumvekera kudzakuthandizani kusankha. Pansipa pali chidule cha mitundu yayikulu yamitengo yamayimbidwe ndi yawo zomveka .

Mkungudza

Mitengo yofewa ndi mawu olemera komanso kumva bwino, komwe kumathandizira luso lamasewera. Mkungudza pamwamba ndi njira yodziwika kwambiri mu magitala akale ndi flamenco, ndipo imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kumbali ndi kumbuyo. 

ebone

Mitengo yolimba kwambiri, yosalala mpaka kukhudza. Zogwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka chifukwa zokopa .

Cocobolo

Wobadwira ku Mexico, imodzi mwamitengo yolemera kwambiri m'banja la rosewood, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mbali ndi kumbuyo. Zatero kumva bwino komanso mawu owala .

Mtengo Wofiira

Wood wandiweyani, womwe umadziwika ndi kuyankha pang'onopang'ono. Monga zinthu zapamwamba, ili ndi a mawu olemera zomwe zimatsindika zapamwamba zosiyanasiyana , ndipo ndiyoyenera kusewera dziko ndi nyimbo za blues .

Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zipolopolo ndi ma decks akumbuyo, chifukwa. imawonjezera kumveka kwa midrange ndipo amachepetsa kuphulika kwa bass. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zinthu makosi ndi zonyamula zingwe.

Mapulo

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zipolopolo ndi kumbuyo, chifukwa ali ndi mphamvu yochepa komanso kuyamwa kwakukulu kwamkati. Kuthamanga kwapang'onopang'ono kumapangitsa kuti nkhaniyi ikhale yabwino zisudzo zamoyo , makamaka mu bandi, monga magitala a mapulo amamveka ngakhale atachulukitsidwa.

Rosewood

Kuchepa kwa mitengo ya rosewood yaku Brazil m'misika yambiri kwapangitsa kuti alowe m'malo ndi Indian rosewood. Chimodzi mwazinthu zachikhalidwe komanso zodziwika bwino zamitengo popanga magitala omvera. Kuyamikiridwa chifukwa chake kuyankha mwachangu komanso sonority zimathandizira kutulutsa mawu omveka bwino komanso olemera. Komanso otchuka popanga zokopa ndi tailpieces.

Spruce

Zida zapamwamba zapamwamba. Mitengo yopepuka koma yolimba imapereka mawu abwino popanda kupereka kumveka bwino .

Momwe mungasankhire gitala lamayimbidwe

Zitsanzo za magitala omvera

Yamaha F310	FENDER SQUIER SA-105
Chithunzi cha J977	Hohner HW-220
Parkwood P810	EPIPHONE EJ-200CE

Chidule cha opanga magitala akuluakulu

Strunal

Misonkhano yanyimbo yaku Czech yotchedwa "Cremona" yakhala ikugwira ntchito kuyambira 1946, panali oposa mazana awiri ndi makumi asanu onse. Zida zoyamba zomwe zinapangidwa pansi pa chizindikiro cha Cremona zinali violin (kuyambira m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu). Magitala omvera adawonjezedwa kale m'zaka za zana la makumi awiri.

Ku Soviet Union, gitala yamtundu wa Kremona nthawi zonse imawonedwa ngati chida chapamwamba kwambiri. Zinali zosiyana kwambiri ndi zida zomwe zinapangidwa, mwachitsanzo, ku Leningrad Musical Instruments Plant, koma zinali zotsika mtengo. Ndipo tsopano, pambuyo pa kukonzanso fakitale, pamene magitala amapangidwa pansi pa dzina lakuti "Strunal", dzina lakuti "Cremona" limagwirizanitsidwa ndi khalidwe.

Malinga ndi akatswiri ena, magitala a fakitale iyi sali otsika kwa a ku Spain, koma amakhala olimba kwambiri, chifukwa nyengo ya kwawo - Czech Republic - ili pafupi ndi nyengo ya ku Russia kusiyana ndi Spanish. Kukhalitsa ndi mphamvu zinapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kukhazikitsa zingwe zachitsulo pa magitala akale.

Pambuyo kugwa kwa USSR fakitale inapulumuka, mzerewo unasinthidwa. Tsoka ilo, dzina lodziwika bwino komanso lodziwika bwino "Cremona" liyenera kusiyidwa, popeza ili ndi dzina la chigawo chimodzi cha ku Italy, chodziwika bwino chifukwa cha opanga violin. Tsopano fakitale imatchedwa "Strunal".

Kumanga kwa khosi ndipo magitala a fakitaleyi amapangidwa molingana ndi zomwe zimatchedwa "Austrian" chiwembu, chomwe chimapatsa chida mphamvu zowonjezera. Chifukwa cha kusiyana kwamapangidwe, phokoso la "Strunal" limasiyana ndi ma acoustic a magitala achisipanishi.

Tsopano mitundu yopitilira khumi ndi iwiri ya magitala akale "Strunal" akupangidwa, kuwonjezera apo, fakitale imapanga magitala omvera " Kumadzulo "Ndipo" jumbo ” (pafupifupi mitundu khumi ndi theka). Pakati pa magitala "Strunal" mungapeze zitsanzo zisanu ndi chimodzi, zisanu ndi zinayi ndi khumi ndi ziwiri. Strunal imapanga magitala opitilira 50,000, ma violin 20,000, ma cello 3,000 ndi mabasi 2,000 owirikiza kawiri pachaka.

Gibson

Gibson ndi wopanga zida zoimbira ku America. Wodziwika kwambiri ngati wopanga magitala amagetsi.

Anakhazikitsidwa mu 1902 ndi Orville Gibson, anali mmodzi mwa oyamba kupanga magitala olimba, omwe lero amadziwika kuti "gitala lamagetsi". Mfundo za kupanga magitala olimba ndi ma pickups anabweretsedwa ku kampani ndi woimba Les Paul (dzina lonse - Lester William Polfus), yemwe pambuyo pake adatchedwa imodzi mwa magitala otchuka kwambiri.

M'zaka za m'ma 60 - 70s za zaka za m'ma XNUMX, idatchuka kwambiri chifukwa chakukula kwa nyimbo za rock. Gibson Les Paul ndi magitala a Gibson SG akhala otchuka kwambiri pakampaniyi. Mpaka pano, iwo amakhalabe amodzi mwa magitala amagetsi ogulitsa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.

Magitala oyambilira a Gibson Les Paul Standard kuyambira m'ma 1950s tsopano ndi amtengo woposa madola zikwi zana limodzi ndipo amafunidwa ndi otolera.

Ena Gibson / Players Artists: Jimmy Page, Jimi Hendrix, Angus Young, Chet Atkins, Tony Iommi, Johnny Cash, BB King, Gary Moore, Kirk Hammett, Slash, Zack Wylde, Armstrong, Billy Joe, Malakian, Daron.

Hohner

Kampani ya ku Germany HOHNER yakhalapo kuyambira 1857. Komabe, m'mbiri yake yonse, yakhala ikudziwika ngati wopanga zida zamphepo za bango - makamaka harmonicas.

Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 90, gitala ya Hohner HC-06 "inasinthanso" msika wa nyimbo ku Russia, ndikuthetsa kuperekedwa kwa magitala otsika kwambiri ochokera ku China. Zinakhala zopanda pake kuzigulitsa kunja: HC-06 idakwera mtengo womwewo, ndipo ponena za ma acoustics ngakhale Czech Strunal idakwera kuchokera pansi.

Pambuyo pa maonekedwe a chitsanzo HC-06, ambuye Russian mwapadera disssed gitala kuti amvetse chifukwa amasewera bwino. Palibe zinsinsi zomwe zidapezeka, zida zosankhidwa bwino (zotsika mtengo) ndi mlandu wosonkhanitsidwa bwino.

Pafupifupi magitala onse otchedwa Hohner amapangidwa ku China. Ukadaulo ndi kuwongolera kwaubwino ndizabwino kwambiri. Hohner wolakwika ndi wosatheka kukumana.

Martínez

Martinez amapangidwa ku China motsogozedwa ndi anzathu aku Russia. Amapangidwa mufakitale imodzi ngati mitundu yotsika mtengo ya Ibanez ndi Fender, ndikugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje omwewo. Mwachitsanzo, W-801 ndi analogue yeniyeni ya Fender DG-3, kusiyana kuli kokha pamapangidwe apangidwe ndi zomata. Martinez ndi wotchipa chifukwa wogula salipira chizindikiro chokwezedwa.

Chizindikirocho chakhalapo kwa zaka pafupifupi 10, ziwerengero zakhala zambiri. Wopanga amakhala ndi khalidwe lokhazikika, pali madandaulo ochepa. Zambiri mwazinthu za Martinez ndizo dreadnoughts , yokhala ndi zida zabwino kwambiri komanso zomaliza. Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya bajeti - W-701, 702, 801 - ndi magitala aku China ophunzirira pulayimale. zitsanzo akale amasangalala ndi khalidwe ndi mapeto, makamaka W-805. Ndipo zonsezi zimakhala bwino mu nyengo yathu, zomwe ndizofunikira.

Mwambiri, Martinez ndi imodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino komanso zofunikira m'gulu lamasewera. Yakhala ikupezeka pamsika waku Russia kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo yadzikhazikitsa yokha mwanjira yoyenera kwambiri.

Yamaha

Kampani yaku Japan yomwe imapanga pafupifupi chilichonse padziko lapansi. Kuyambira 1966, magitala amapangidwanso. Palibe luso lapadera pazida izi, koma mtundu wamapangidwe komanso njira yoyambira yaku Japan yopangira zinthu zimagwira ntchito yawo.