Andrey Melytonovich Balanchivadze (Andrey Balanchivadze) |

Andrey Balanchivadze

Ntchito ya A. Balanchivadze, wolemba nyimbo wotchuka wa ku Georgia, yakhala tsamba lowala kwambiri pakukula kwa chikhalidwe cha nyimbo za dziko. Ndi dzina lake, zambiri za nyimbo zaluso zaku Georgia zidawonekera koyamba. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito kumitundu ngati ballet, konsati ya piyano, "m'ntchito yake, malingaliro a symphonic a Chijojiya kwa nthawi yoyamba adawonekera mu mawonekedwe angwiro, ndi kuphweka kwachikale" (O. Taktakishvili). A. Balanchivadze analera mlalang’amba wonse wa olemba nyimbo a dziko la Republic, pakati pa ophunzira ake R. Lagidze, O. Tevdoradze, A. Shaverzashvili, Sh. Milorava, A. Chimakadze, B. Kvernadze, M. Davitashvili, N. Mamisashvili and others.

Balanchivadze anabadwira ku St. “Bambo anga, Meliton Antonovich Balanchivadze, anali katswiri woimba… Ndinayamba kupeka ndili ndi zaka eyiti. Komabe, iye anaphunzira kwambiri nyimbo mu 1918, atasamukira ku Georgia. Mu 1918, Balanchivadze adalowa Kutaisi Musical College, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ndi abambo ake. Mu 1921-26. maphunziro ku Tiflis Conservatory mu kalasi yolemba ndi N. Cherepnin, S. Barkhudaryan, M. Ippolitov-Ivanov, amayesa dzanja lake polemba zidutswa zing'onozing'ono. M'zaka zomwezo, Balanchivadze adagwira ntchito monga wojambula nyimbo zowonetsera zisudzo za Proletcult Theatre ya Georgia, Satire Theatre, Tbilisi Workers Theatre, ndi zina zotero.

Mu 1927, monga m’gulu la oimba, Balanchivadze anatumizidwa ndi People’s Commissariat of Education of Georgia kuti akaphunzire ku Leningrad Conservatory, kumene anaphunzira mpaka 1931. Apa A. Zhitomirsky, V. Shcherbachev, M. Yudina anakhala aphunzitsi ake. . Atamaliza maphunziro awo ku Leningrad Conservatory, Balanchivadze anabwerera ku Tbilisi, kumene Kote Marjanishvili anamuitana kuti akagwire ntchito m’bwalo la zisudzo limene ankatsogolera. Panthawi imeneyi, Balanchivadze analembanso nyimbo za mafilimu oyambirira a Chijojiya.

Balanchivadze adalowa mu luso la Soviet kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 20 ndi 30s. pamodzi ndi gulu lonse la mlalang'amba wa oimba Chijojiya, amene mwa iwo anali Gr. Kiladze, Sh. Mshvelidze, I. Tuskia, Sh. Azmaiparashvili. Unali mbadwo watsopano wa oimba a dziko omwe adatenga ndi kupitiriza mwa njira yawo zomwe oimba akale kwambiri - omwe adayambitsa nyimbo za akatswiri a dziko: Z. Paliashvili, V. Dolidze, M. Balanchivadze, D. Arakishvili. Mosiyana ndi akalambula awo, amene ankagwira ntchito makamaka m'munda wa opera, kwaya ndi chipinda-mawu nyimbo, m'badwo wamng'ono wa oimba Chijojiya anatembenukira makamaka kwa zida nyimbo, ndi nyimbo Chijojiya anayamba mbali imeneyi mu zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zotsatira.

Mu 1936, Balanchivadze analemba ntchito yake yoyamba yofunika kwambiri - "Piano Concerto Yoyamba," yomwe inakhala chitsanzo choyamba cha mtundu uwu mu luso la nyimbo za dziko. Nkhani zowoneka bwino za konsatiyi zimalumikizidwa ndi nthano zadziko: zimayimira nyimbo zoguba kwambiri, zovina mokoma, ndi nyimbo zamanyimbo. M'bukuli, zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi chikhalidwe cha Balanchivadze m'tsogolomu zimamveka kale: njira yosinthika ya chitukuko, kugwirizana kwambiri kwa mitu yamphamvu ndi nyimbo zamtundu wamtundu wamtundu, ubwino wa piyano, zomwe zimakumbukira kuyimba kwa piyano. F. Lizt. The ngwazi pathos chibadwidwe mu ntchito imeneyi, woipeka adzakhala mu njira yatsopano mu Second Piano Concerto (1946).

Chochitika chofunika kwambiri m'moyo wanyimbo wa Republic chinali nyimbo ya ballet "Mtima wa Mapiri" (kope loyamba la 1, kope lachiwiri 1936). Chiwembucho chimachokera pa chikondi cha mlenje wamng'ono Dzhardzhi kwa mwana wamkazi wa Prince Manizhe ndi zochitika za alimi akulimbana ndi kuponderezedwa kwa feudal m'zaka za 2. Zithunzi zachikondi zamanyimbo, zodzaza ndi kukopa kodabwitsa komanso ndakatulo, zaphatikizidwa pano ndi zotsatizana, zamtundu wapakhomo. Chinthu cha kuvina kwa anthu, kuphatikizapo choreography chapamwamba, chinakhala maziko a masewero ndi nyimbo za ballet. Balanchivadze amagwiritsa ntchito kuvina kozungulira perkhuli, sachidao wamphamvu (kuvina komwe kunachitika panthawi ya nkhondo ya dziko), mtiuluri wankhondo, tseruli wokondwa, heroic horumi, ndi zina zotero. Shostakovich anayamikira kwambiri ballet: "... palibe chaching'ono mu nyimbo iyi, chirichonse chiri chozama ... zabwino komanso zapamwamba, njira zambiri zowopsa zomwe zimachokera ku ndakatulo zazikulu. Ntchito yomaliza ya wolemba nyimbo isanayambe nkhondo inali nyimbo yanyimbo ya Mziya, yomwe idapangidwa mu 1938. Zimatengera chiwembu cha moyo watsiku ndi tsiku wa mudzi wa socialist ku Georgia.

Mu 1944, Balanchivadze analemba symphony yake yoyamba ndi yoyamba mu nyimbo za Chijojiya, zoperekedwa ku zochitika zamakono. “Ndinalemba nyimbo yanga yoyamba yoimbira m’zaka zoopsa za nkhondo… Ndinkafuna kusonyeza zochitika zambiri mu symphony iyi: osati chisoni ndi chisoni cha akufa, komanso chikhulupiriro mu chigonjetso, kulimba mtima, kulimba mtima kwa anthu athu.

M'zaka za nkhondo pambuyo pa nkhondo, pamodzi ndi choreographer L. Lavrovsky, wopeka anagwira ntchito pa ballet Ruby Stars, ambiri amene kenako anakhala mbali yofunika ya ballet Masamba a Moyo (1961).

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa ntchito ya Balanchivadze chinali Third Concerto for Piano and String Orchestra (1952), yoperekedwa kwa achinyamata. Kapangidwe kake ndi kachitidwe mwachilengedwe, kamakhala ndi nyimbo za Marichi zomwe zimakhala ndi nyimbo zaupainiya. N. Mamisashvili analemba kuti: “M’msonkhano wa Third for Piano and String Orchestra, Balanchivadze ndi mwana wosadziŵa zambiri, wansangala, ndiponso wonyada. Concerto iyi inaphatikizidwa mu repertoire ya oimba piyano otchuka a Soviet - L. Oborin, A. Ioheles. The Fourth Piano Concerto (1968) ili ndi magawo 6, momwe wolembayo akufuna kujambula mawonekedwe a zigawo zosiyanasiyana za Georgia - chikhalidwe chawo, chikhalidwe chawo, moyo wawo: 1 ora - "Jvari" (kachisi wotchuka wa zaka za m'ma 2 Kartli), maola 3 - "Tetnuld" (nsonga yamapiri ku Svaneti), maola 4 - "Salamuri" (mtundu wa chitoliro cha dziko), maola 5 - "Dila" (M'mawa, nyimbo za nyimbo za Gurian zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pano), maola 6 - "Rion Forest" (amajambula maonekedwe okongola a Imeretin), maola a 2 - "Tskhratskaro" (Magwero asanu ndi anayi). M'mitundu yoyambirira, kuzunguliraku kunali ndi zigawo zina XNUMX - "Vine" ndi "Chanchkeri" ("Waterfall").

Konsati yachinayi ya piano idatsogozedwa ndi ballet Mtsyri (1964, yotengera ndakatulo ya M. Lermontov). Mu ndakatulo iyi ya ballet, yomwe ili ndi mpweya weniweni wa symphonic, chidwi chonse cha wolembayo chimakhazikika pa chithunzi cha protagonist, chomwe chimapereka mawonekedwe a monodrama. Ndi chithunzi cha Mtsyra kuti 3 leitmotifs kugwirizana, amene ali maziko a sewero la nyimbo za zikuchokera. "Lingaliro lolemba ballet pogwiritsa ntchito chiwembu cha Lermontov linabadwa ndi Balanchivadze kalekale," analemba motero A. Shaverzashvili. "M'mbuyomu, adakhazikika pa Chiwanda. Komabe, dongosololi silinakwaniritsidwe. Pomaliza, chisankho chinagwera pa "Mtsyri" ... "

"Kufufuza kwa Balanchivadze kunathandizidwa ndi kufika ku Soviet Union kwa mchimwene wake George Balanchine, yemwe luso lake lalikulu la choreographic linatsegula mwayi watsopano pa chitukuko cha ballet ... amafufuza. Izi zinatsimikizira tsogolo la ballet yake yatsopano. "

70-80s yodziwika ndi ntchito yapadera ya Balanchivadze. Anapanga nyimbo zachitatu (1978), Chachinayi ("Forest", 1980) ndi Fifth ("Youth", 1989); ndakatulo-symphonic "Obelisks" (1985); opera-ballet "Ganga" (1986); Piano Trio, Fifth Concerto (onse 1979) ndi Quintet (1980); Quartet (1983) ndi nyimbo zina zoimbira.

"Andrey Balanchivadze ndi m'modzi mwa omwe adalenga omwe adasiya chizindikiro chosaiwalika pakukula kwa chikhalidwe cha nyimbo za dziko. …M'kupita kwa nthawi, mawonekedwe atsopano amatseguka pamaso pa wojambula aliyense, zinthu zambiri m'moyo zimasintha. Koma kumva kuyamikira kwakukulu, kulemekeza moona mtima kwa Andrei Melitonovich Balanchivadze, nzika yokhazikika komanso Mlengi wamkulu, amakhalabe ndi ife mpaka kalekale” (O. Taktakishvili).

N. Aleksenko