Meliton Antonovich Balanchivadze (Meliton Balanchivadze) |

Meliton Balanchivadze

M. Balanchivadze anali ndi chisangalalo chosowa - kuyika mwala woyamba pa maziko a nyimbo zaluso za Chijojiya ndiyeno monyadira kuyang'ana momwe nyumbayi inakulirakulira ndikukula pazaka 50. D. Arakishvili

M. Balanchivadze adalowa m'mbiri ya chikhalidwe cha nyimbo monga mmodzi mwa omwe adayambitsa sukulu ya ku Georgian wolemba nyimbo. Munthu wokangalika pagulu, wonyezimira wowala komanso wamphamvu wa nyimbo zamtundu wa Chijojiya Balanchivadze adapereka moyo wake wonse kulenga luso la dziko.

Wopeka nyimbo wam’tsogoloyo anali ndi mawu abwino atangoyamba kumene, ndipo kuyambira ali mwana anayamba kuimba m’makwaya osiyanasiyana, choyamba ku Kutaisi, kenako ku Tbilisi Theological Seminary, kumene anaikidwa mu 1877. kukopa woimba wamng'ono ndipo mu 1880 analowa gulu loimba la Tbilisi Opera House. Panthawi imeneyi, Balanchivadze anali kale chidwi ndi Chijojiya zoimbaimba folklore, n'cholinga kulimbikitsa izo, iye anakonza kwaya Ethnographic. Ntchito mu kwaya inali yogwirizana ndi kaimbidwe ka nyimbo zamtundu wa anthu, ndipo inkafunika luso la woimbayo. Mu 1889, Balanchivadze analowa ku St. Petersburg Conservatory, kumene N. Rimsky-Korsakov (wolemba nyimbo), V. Samus (woimba), Y. Ioganson (mgwirizano) anakhala aphunzitsi ake.

Moyo ndi kuphunzira ku St. Maphunziro ndi Rimsky-Korsakov, ubwenzi ndi A. Lyadov ndi N. Findeisen anathandiza kukhazikitsa malo ake kulenga mu maganizo a woimba Chijojiya. Zinali zozikidwa pa kukhudzika kwa kufunikira kwa ubale wapakatikati pakati pa nyimbo zachi Georgian ndi njira zofotokozera zomwe zimawonekera muzoimba zoimba za ku Europe. Ku St. Petersburg, Balanchivadze akupitiriza kugwira ntchito pa opera ya Darejan Insidious (zidutswa zake zidachitidwa kale mu 1897 ku Tbilisi). Operayi idachokera mu ndakatulo ya "Tamara the Insidious" yolembedwa ndi mabuku achijojiya A. Tsereteli. Kupanga kwa opera kunachedwa, ndipo adawona kuwala kwa njanji mu 1926 ku Georgian Opera ndi Ballet Theatre. Maonekedwe a "Darejan wonyenga" anali kubadwa kwa Georgia dziko opera.

Pambuyo pa October Revolution, Balanchivadze amakhala ndikugwira ntchito ku Georgia. Apa, luso lake monga kulinganiza moyo nyimbo, chithunzi pagulu ndi mphunzitsi anali okhutitsidwa. Mu 1918 adayambitsa sukulu ya nyimbo ku Kutaisi, ndipo kuyambira 1921 adatsogolera dipatimenti ya nyimbo ya People's Commissariat of Education ya Georgia. Ntchito ya wolembayo inali ndi mitu yatsopano: makonzedwe a nyimbo zachisinthiko, cantata "Ulemerero ku ZAGES". Kwa zaka khumi za mabuku ndi luso la Georgia ku Moscow (1936) kope latsopano la opera "Darejan the Insidious" linapangidwa. Ntchito zochepa za Balanchivadze zidakhudza kwambiri m'badwo wotsatira wa oimba achijojiya. Mitundu yotsogola ya nyimbo zake ndi opera ndi zachikondi. Zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri za nyimbo za m'chipinda cham'mwamba-mawu a woimbayo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi pulasitiki ya nyimboyo, momwe mungamve mgwirizano wamagulu a nyimbo za tsiku ndi tsiku za Chijojiya ndi chikondi chachi Russia ("Ndikayang'ana pa inu", "Ndimalakalaka kwa inu kwamuyaya", "Osandimvera chisoni", nyimbo yotchuka " Spring, etc.).

Malo apadera mu ntchito ya Balanchivadze ali ndi nyimbo ya Darejan the Insidious, yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi nyimbo zake zowala, chiyambi cha zobwerezabwereza, kuchuluka kwa ma melos, ndi zosangalatsa zomwe zimapeza. Wolembayo samangogwiritsa ntchito nyimbo zenizeni zachi Georgian, koma m'nyimbo zake zimadalira machitidwe a chikhalidwe cha Chijojiya; izi zimapereka kutsitsimuka kwa opera ndi chiyambi cha mitundu yanyimbo. Kukonzekera kokwanira kwa siteji kumathandizira kuti pakhale kukhulupirika kwa magwiridwe antchito, omwe sanataye tanthauzo lake ngakhale lero.

L. Rapatskaya