Antonio Vivaldi |

Antonio Vivaldi

Mmodzi mwa oimira akuluakulu a nthawi ya Baroque, A. Vivaldi adalowa m'mbiri ya chikhalidwe cha nyimbo monga mlengi wa mtundu wa concerto, yemwe anayambitsa nyimbo za orchestral. Ubwana wa Vivaldi ukugwirizana ndi Venice, kumene bambo ake ankagwira ntchito ngati violinist ku Cathedral of St. Mark. Banjali linali ndi ana 6, ndipo Antonio anali wamkulu. Palibe pafupifupi tsatanetsatane wa zaka zaubwana wa wolembayo. Zimangodziwika kuti adaphunzira kusewera violin ndi harpsichord.

Pa September 18, 1693, Vivaldi anaikidwa kukhala wansembe, ndipo pa March 23, 1703, anadzozedwa kukhala wansembe. Pa nthawi yomweyi, mnyamatayo anapitirizabe kukhala kunyumba (mwinamwake chifukwa cha matenda aakulu), zomwe zinamupatsa mwayi woti asasiye maphunziro a nyimbo. Chifukwa cha mtundu wa tsitsi lake, Vivaldi adatchedwa "monk wofiira." Zikuganiziridwa kuti kale m'zaka izi sanali wachangu kwambiri pa ntchito yake monga mtsogoleri wachipembedzo. Magwero ambiri amafotokozanso nkhaniyo (mwina yosadalirika, koma yowulula) za momwe tsiku lina pautumiki, "monki wa tsitsi lofiira" adachoka mofulumira paguwa kuti alembe mutu wa fugue, womwe unamuchitikira mwadzidzidzi. Mulimonsemo, maubwenzi a Vivaldi ndi mabwalo achipembedzo anapitirizabe kutentha, ndipo posakhalitsa iye, ponena za kudwala kwake, anakana poyera kukondwerera misa.

Mu Seputembara 1703, Vivaldi adayamba kugwira ntchito ngati mphunzitsi (maestro di violino) m'malo osungira ana amasiye a Venetian "Pio Ospedale delia Pieta". Ntchito zake zinaphatikizapo kuphunzira kuimba violin ndi viola d'amore, komanso kuyang'anira kusunga zida za zingwe ndi kugula violin yatsopano. "Mautumiki" pa "Pieta" (akhoza kutchedwa makonsati) anali pakati pa chidwi cha anthu aunikiridwa a Venetian. Chifukwa cha chuma, mu 1709 Vivaldi anachotsedwa ntchito, koma mu 1711-16. anabwezeretsedwanso m'malo omwewo, ndipo kuyambira May 1716 anali kale konsati wa gulu la oimba Pieta.

Ngakhale asanakhazikitsidwe kwatsopano, Vivaldi adadzipanga yekha ngati mphunzitsi, komanso wolemba nyimbo (makamaka wolemba nyimbo zopatulika). Mogwirizana ndi ntchito yake ku Pieta, Vivaldi akuyang'ana mipata yofalitsa mabuku ake akudziko. 12 sonatas atatu op. 1 inasindikizidwa mu 1706; mu 1711 gulu lodziwika kwambiri la violin concertos "Harmonic Inspiration" op. 3; mu 1714 - gulu lina lotchedwa "Extravagance" op. 4. Posachedwapa, nyimbo za violin za Vivaldi zinadziwika kwambiri ku Western Europe makamaka ku Germany. Chidwi chachikulu mwa iwo chinasonyezedwa ndi I. Quantz, I. Mattheson, the Great JS Bach “kuti azisangalala ndi malangizo” anakonza yekha ma concerto 9 a violin ndi Vivaldi a clavier ndi organ. M'zaka zomwezo, Vivaldi analemba nyimbo zake zoyamba Otto (1713), Orlando (1714), Nero (1715). Mu 1718-20. amakhala ku Mantua, komwe amalemba makamaka zisudzo zanyengo ya carnival, komanso nyimbo zoimbira za khothi la Mantua ducal.

Mu 1725, imodzi mwa nyimbo zotchuka kwambiri za wolembayo zinatuluka, zomwe zili ndi mutu wakuti "The Experience of Harmony and Invention" (op. 8). Monga zam'mbuyomu, zosonkhanitsira zimapangidwa ndi ma concerto a violin (pali 12 mwa iwo pano). Nyimbo 4 zoyamba za opus iyi zimatchedwa "Spring", "Spring", "Summer", "Autumn" ndi "Zima". M'machitidwe amakono, nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa mu "Nyengo" (palibe mutu wotere pachiyambi). Mwachionekere, Vivaldi sanakhutire ndi ndalama zimene analandira kuchokera m’kufalitsidwa kwa makonsati ake, ndipo mu 1733 anauza munthu wina wapaulendo wachingelezi E. Holdsworth za cholinga chake chosiya zofalitsa zina, popeza kuti, mosiyana ndi malembo apamanja osindikizidwa, makope olembedwa pamanja anali okwera mtengo. M'malo mwake, kuyambira pamenepo, palibe ma opus atsopano a Vivaldi omwe adawonekera.

Chakumapeto kwa 20s - 30s. nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "zaka zakuyenda" (zokonda ku Vienna ndi Prague). Mu August 1735, Vivaldi anabwerera ku udindo wa mkulu wa gulu la oimba la Pieta, koma komiti yolamulira sinasangalale ndi chidwi chofuna kuyenda, ndipo mu 1738 woimbayo anachotsedwa ntchito. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, Vivaldi anapitirizabe kugwira ntchito mwakhama mu mtundu wa opera (mmodzi mwa omasulira ake anali wotchuka C. Goldoni), pamene ankakonda kutenga nawo mbali pakupanga. Komabe, machitidwe a opera a Vivaldi sanachite bwino makamaka, makamaka wolembayo atalandidwa mwayi wokhala ngati wotsogolera zisudzo zake pabwalo lamasewera la Ferrara chifukwa cha kuletsa kwa kadinala kulowa mumzinda (wolemba nyimboyo adatsutsidwa kuti ali pachibwenzi ndi Anna Giraud, wophunzira wake wakale, ndikukana "monki watsitsi lofiira" kukondwerera misa). Zotsatira zake, sewero loyamba la opera ku Ferrara linalephera.

Mu 1740, atatsala pang’ono kumwalira, Vivaldi anapita paulendo wake womaliza wopita ku Vienna. Zifukwa zomwe adachoka mwadzidzidzi sizikudziwika. Iye anafera m’nyumba ya mkazi wamasiye wa ku Viennese woyenda m’chishalo dzina lake Waller ndipo anaikidwa m’manda mopemphapempha. Atangomwalira, dzina la mbuye wamkuluyo linaiwalika. Pafupifupi zaka 200 pambuyo pake, mu 20s. Zaka za m'ma 300 katswiri wanyimbo wa ku Italy A. Gentili adapeza zolemba zapadera za wolembayo (19 concertos, 1947 operas, nyimbo zauzimu ndi zadziko). Kuyambira nthawi ino kumayamba chitsitsimutso chenicheni cha ulemerero wakale wa Vivaldi. Mu 700, nyumba yosindikizira nyimbo ya Ricordi inayamba kufalitsa ntchito zonse za wolemba nyimboyo, ndipo kampani ya Philips posachedwapa inayamba kukhazikitsa dongosolo lofanana kwambiri - kusindikiza "onse" Vivaldi pa mbiri. M'dziko lathu, Vivaldi ndi m'modzi mwa olemba nyimbo omwe amakonda komanso okondedwa kwambiri. Cholowa chopanga cha Vivaldi ndichabwino. Malinga ndi kabuku kovomerezeka ka Peter Ryom (matchulidwe apadziko lonse lapansi - RV), ili ndi maudindo opitilira 500. Malo akuluakulu pa ntchito ya Vivaldi adagwidwa ndi konsati yothandiza (zokwana 230 zosungidwa). Chida chokonda kwambiri cha woimbayo chinali violin (pafupifupi ma concerto 60). Komanso, iye analemba concertos awiri, atatu ndi anayi violin ndi oimba ndi basso kupitiriza, concertos kwa viola d'amour, cello, mandolin, longitudinal ndi zopingasa zitoliro, oboe, bassoon. Ma concerto opitilira 40 a orchestra ya zingwe ndi basso akupitiliza, ma sonata a zida zosiyanasiyana amadziwika. Mwa ma opera opitilira XNUMX (olemba a Vivaldi omwe adakhazikitsidwa motsimikizika), theka laiwo lapulumuka. Zochepa kwambiri (komanso zosangalatsa) ndi nyimbo zake zambiri - cantatas, oratorios, ntchito pa malemba auzimu (masalmo, litanies, "Gloria", etc.).

Zambiri mwazolemba za Vivaldi zili ndi mawu am'munsi mwadongosolo. Ena a iwo amatchula woimba woyamba (Carbonelli Concerto, RV 366), ena ku chikondwerero pamene izi kapena zikuchokera anayamba anachita (Pa Phwando la St. Lorenzo, RV 286). Malemba angapo ang'onoang'ono amalozera kutsatanetsatane wachilendo wa njira yochitira (mu concerto yotchedwa "L'ottavina", RV 763, ma violin onse ayenera kuyimba mu octave yapamwamba). Mitu yodziwika bwino yomwe imadziwika ndi zomwe zikuchitika ndi "Mpumulo", "Nkhawa", "Kukayikitsa" kapena "Harmonic Inspiration", "Zither" (awiri omaliza ndi mayina a magulu a violin concertos). Pa nthawi yomweyi, ngakhale muzolemba zomwe mitu yawo ikuwoneka kuti ikuwonetsa mphindi zakunja ( "Mkuntho pa Nyanja", "Goldfinch", "Hunting", ndi zina zotero), chinthu chachikulu kwa woimbayo nthawi zonse ndi kufalitsa kwa nyimbo zambiri. maganizo. Zotsatira za Four Seasons zaperekedwa ndi pulogalamu yatsatanetsatane. Kale pa moyo wake Vivaldi adadziwika ngati katswiri wodziwika bwino wa oimba, woyambitsa wamitundu yambiri, adachita zambiri kuti apange luso loyimba violin.

S. Lebedev

Ntchito zodabwitsa za A. Vivaldi ndi zotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Magulu otchuka amakono amapereka madzulo kuntchito yake (Moscow Chamber Orchestra yoyendetsedwa ndi R. Barshai, Roman Virtuosos, etc.) ndipo, mwinamwake, pambuyo pa Bach ndi Handel, Vivaldi ndi wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa olemba nyimbo za nyimbo za baroque. Lero zikuwoneka kuti walandira moyo wachiwiri.

Anasangalala kutchuka kwambiri m'moyo wake, anali mlengi wa solo instrumental concerto. Kukula kwa mtundu uwu m'mayiko onse pa nthawi yonse ya preclassical kumagwirizana ndi ntchito ya Vivaldi. Ma concerto a Vivaldi anali chitsanzo cha Bach, Locatelli, Tartini, Leclerc, Benda ndi ena. Bach adakonza ma concerto 6 a Vivaldi a clavier, adapanga ma concerto a organ pa 2 ndikukonzanso imodzi ya 4 claviers.

"Panthawi yomwe Bach anali ku Weimar, dziko lonse lanyimbo lidachita chidwi ndi zoimbaimba zomaliza (ie, Vivaldi - LR). Bach adalemba ma concerto a Vivaldi kuti asawapangitse kupezeka kwa anthu wamba, komanso kuti asaphunzire kwa iwo, koma chifukwa zimamusangalatsa. Mosakayikira, anapindula ndi Vivaldi. Anaphunzira kwa iye kumveka bwino ndi kugwirizana kwa zomangamanga. njira yabwino kwambiri ya violin yotengera kumveka bwino. ”…

Komabe, pokhala wotchuka kwambiri m'zaka zoyambirira za m'ma XNUMX, Vivaldi pambuyo pake adatsala pang'ono kuyiwalika. Pencherl analemba kuti: “Corelli atamwalira, kumukumbukira kunakhala kolimba komanso kukongoletsedwa kwambiri m’kupita kwa zaka, Vivaldi, yemwe sanali wotchuka kwambiri m’moyo wake, anazimiririka patatha zaka zisanu n’kuziwalitsa mwakuthupi ndi mwauzimu. . Zolengedwa zake zimasiya mapulogalamu, ngakhale mawonekedwe ake amachotsedwa pamtima. Za malo ndi tsiku la imfa yake, panali zongopeka chabe. Kwa nthawi yayitali, otanthauzira mawu amangobwereza zidziwitso zochepa chabe za iye, zodzazidwa ndi malo wamba komanso zodzaza ndi zolakwika ..».

Mpaka posachedwa, Vivaldi ankangokonda akatswiri a mbiri yakale. M'sukulu za nyimbo, pa gawo loyamba la maphunziro, 1-2 ya makonsati ake adaphunzira. Pakatikati mwa zaka za zana la XNUMX, chidwi pa ntchito yake chidakula kwambiri, ndipo chidwi pazambiri za mbiri yake chidakula. Komabe tikudziwabe zochepa kwambiri za iye.

Malingaliro okhudza cholowa chake, chomwe ambiri mwa iwo adakhalabe osadziwika, anali olakwika kotheratu. Pokhapokha mu 1927-1930, wolemba nyimbo wa Turin ndi wofufuza Alberto Gentili anatha kupeza pafupifupi 300 (!) Vivaldi autographs, zomwe zinali za banja la Durazzo ndipo zinasungidwa m'nyumba yawo ya Genoese. Pakati pa zolembedwa pamanja izi pali ma opera 19, oratorio ndi mavoliyumu angapo a tchalitchi ndi zida za Vivaldi. Zosonkhanitsazi zinakhazikitsidwa ndi Prince Giacomo Durazzo, wothandiza anthu, kuyambira 1764, nthumwi ya ku Austria ku Venice, komwe, kuwonjezera pa ndale, adatenga zitsanzo za zojambulajambula.

Malinga ndi chifuniro cha Vivaldi, sakanasindikizidwa, koma Gentili adateteza kuti asamutsidwe ku National Library ndipo potero adawadziwitsa anthu. Wasayansi wa ku Austria Walter Kollender anayamba kuwaphunzira, akutsutsa kuti Vivaldi anali zaka makumi angapo patsogolo pa chitukuko cha nyimbo za ku Ulaya pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi njira zamakono zogwiritsira ntchito violin.

Malinga ndi zomwe zachitika posachedwa, zimadziwika kuti Vivaldi adalemba ma operas 39, 23 cantatas, 23 symphonies, nyimbo zambiri zatchalitchi, 43 arias, 73 sonatas (trio ndi solo), 40 concerti grossi; 447 solo concerto za zida zosiyanasiyana: 221 za violin, 20 za cello, 6 za viol damour, 16 za chitoliro, 11 za oboe, 38 za bassoon, concerto za mandolin, lipenga, lipenga ndi nyimbo zosiyanasiyana: matabwa ndi violin, 2 -x zitoliro ndi zitoliro, 2 zitoliro, oboe, English horn, 2 malipenga, violin, 2 viola, quartet uta, 2 cembalos, etc.

Tsiku lenileni lobadwa la Vivaldi silidziwika. Pencherle amapereka tsiku lokhalokha - pang'ono pang'ono kuposa 1678. Bambo ake Giovanni Battista Vivaldi anali violinist mu ducal chapel ya St. Mark ku Venice, ndi woimba kalasi yoyamba. Mwachidziwikire, mwanayu adaphunzira za violin kuchokera kwa abambo ake, pomwe adaphunzira nyimbo ndi Giovanni Legrenzi, yemwe adatsogolera sukulu ya violin ku Venetian m'zaka za zana la XNUMX, anali woyimba kwambiri, makamaka pankhani yanyimbo za orchestra. Mwachiwonekere kuchokera kwa iye Vivaldi adatengera chilakolako choyesera zida zoimbira.

Ali wamng'ono, Vivaldi adalowa m'tchalitchi chomwecho kumene abambo ake ankagwira ntchito monga mtsogoleri, ndipo kenako adalowa m'malo mwake.

Komabe, ntchito yoimba nyimbo posakhalitsa inawonjezeredwa ndi zauzimu - Vivaldi anakhala wansembe. Izi zidachitika pa Seputembara 18, 1693. Mpaka 1696, anali mgulu laling'ono lauzimu, ndipo adalandira ufulu wansembe wathunthu pa Marichi 23, 1703. moyo wake.

Atalandira unsembe, Vivaldi sanasiye maphunziro ake oimba. Ambiri, iye anali kuchita utumiki wa tchalitchi kwa nthawi yochepa - chaka chimodzi chokha, kenako analetsedwa kutumikira misa. Olemba mbiri ya moyo wa munthu akupereka mafotokozedwe oseketsa a mfundo imeneyi: “Nthaŵi ina Vivaldi anali kutumikira Misa, ndipo mwadzidzidzi mutu wa fugue unabwera m’maganizo mwake; pochoka pa guwa la nsembe, amapita ku kachisi kukalemba mutu uwu, ndiyeno nkubwerera ku guwa. Chidzudzulo chinatsatira, koma Bwalo la Inquisition, likumuona ngati woimba, ndiko kuti, ngati wopenga, linangodziletsa kumletsa kupitiriza kutumikira misa.

Vivaldi anakana milandu yoteroyo ndipo anafotokoza kuletsedwa kwa mautumiki a tchalitchi ndi mkhalidwe wake woŵaŵa. Pofika m'chaka cha 1737, atatsala pang'ono kufika ku Ferrara kuti akachite imodzi mwa zisudzo zake, mkulu wa apapa Ruffo anamuletsa kulowa mumzindawo, ndipo zina mwa zifukwa zina zinali zoti iye sanatumikire Misa. Kenako Vivaldi anatumiza kalata (November). 16, 1737) kwa woyang’anira wake, a Marquis Guido Bentivoglio: “Kwa zaka 25 tsopano sindinatumikire Misa ndipo sindidzatumikirako m’tsogolomu, koma osati mwa chiletso, monga momwe zinganenedwere ku chisomo chanu, koma chifukwa cha chikhulupiriro changa. chosankha changa, chifukwa cha matenda omwe akhala akundipondereza kuyambira tsiku lomwe ndinabadwa. Pamene ndinadzozedwa kukhala wansembe, ndinachita Misa kwa chaka chimodzi kapena pang’ono, kenaka ndinasiya, kukakamizidwa kuchoka paguwa la nsembe katatu, osaimaliza chifukwa cha matenda. Zotsatira zake, pafupifupi nthawi zonse ndimakhala kunyumba ndipo ndimayenda m'ngolo kapena gondola, chifukwa sinditha kuyenda chifukwa cha matenda a pachifuwa, kapena kuti pachifuwa. Palibe mfulu ngakhale mmodzi amene amandiyitana kunyumba kwake, ngakhale mwana wa mfumu yathu, popeza aliyense amadziwa za matenda anga. Pambuyo pa chakudya, nthawi zambiri ndimatha kuyenda, koma osayenda wapansi. Ndicho chifukwa chake sindimatumiza Misa.” Kalatayo ndi yochititsa chidwi chifukwa ili ndi tsatanetsatane wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa moyo wa Vivaldi, zomwe zikuwoneka kuti zidayenda motsekeka m'malire a nyumba yake.

Anakakamizika kusiya ntchito yake ya tchalitchi, mu September 1703 Vivaldi adalowa m'gulu la Venetian conservatories, lotchedwa Musical Seminary of the Hospice House of Piety, chifukwa cha udindo wa "violin maestro", wokhala ndi ma ducats 60 pachaka. M’masiku amenewo, nyumba za ana amasiye (zipatala) za m’matchalitchi zinkatchedwa nyumba zosungira ana amasiye. Ku Venice kunali anayi kwa atsikana, ku Naples anayi kwa anyamata.

Wapaulendo wotchuka waku France de Brosse adasiya malongosoledwe otsatirawa a zosungirako zaku Venetian: "Nyimbo za zipatala ndizabwino kwambiri kuno. Alipo anayi, ndipo amadzazidwa ndi atsikana apathengo, komanso ana amasiye kapena amene sangathe kulera makolo awo. Amaleredwa ndi ndalama za boma ndipo amaphunzitsidwa makamaka nyimbo. Amayimba ngati angelo, amaimba violin, chitoliro, organ, oboe, cello, bassoon, m'mawu amodzi, palibe chida chokulirapo chomwe chingawapangitse mantha. Atsikana 40 amatenga nawo mbali mu konsati iliyonse. Ndikulumbirira kwa inu, palibe chinthu chokongola kuposa kuwona sisitere wamng'ono ndi wokongola, atavala zovala zoyera, ndi maluwa a makangaza m'makutu ake, akumenya nthawi ndi chisomo chonse ndi molondola.

Iye analemba mokondwera za nyimbo za conservatories (makamaka pansi pa Mendicanti - mpingo wa mendicant) J.-J. Rousseau: “Lamlungu m’matchalitchi a lililonse la Scuoles zinayi zimenezi, m’kati mwa Vespers, ndi kwaya ndi okhestra yathunthu, nyimbo zoimbidwa ndi opeka opambana a ku Italy, motsogozedwa ndi iwo aumwini, zimaimbidwa kokha ndi asungwana achichepere, okulirapo omwe alibe ngakhale zaka makumi awiri. Iwo ali m'malo oima kuseri kwa zitsulo. Ine kapena Carrio sindinaphonyepo ma Vespers awa ku Mendicanti. Koma ndinathedwa nzeru ndi mipiringidzo yotembereredwa imeneyi, imene inkatulutsa mawu okha ndi kubisa nkhope za angelo okongola oyenerera mamvekedwe ameneŵa. Ndinangolankhula za izo. Nthawi ina ndinanena zomwezo kwa Bambo de Blond.

De Blon, yemwe anali m'gulu la oyang'anira Conservatory, adayambitsa Rousseau kwa oimba. "Bwera, Sophia," anali woyipa kwambiri. “Bwera, Kattina,” anali wokhotakhota m’diso limodzi. "Bwera, Bettina," nkhope yake idawonongeka ndi nthomba. Komabe, “kuipa sikumapatula chithumwa, ndipo anali nacho,” Rousseau akuwonjezera.

Polowa mu Conservatory of Piety, Vivaldi adapeza mwayi wogwira ntchito ndi gulu la oimba (ndi mkuwa ndi limba) lomwe linkapezeka kumeneko, lomwe linkaonedwa kuti ndilopambana kwambiri ku Venice.

Ponena za Venice, moyo wake wanyimbo ndi zisudzo ndi malo osungiramo zinthu zakale zitha kuweruzidwa ndi mizere yochokera pansi pamtima ya Romain Rolland: "Venice panthawiyo inali likulu lanyimbo la Italy. Kumeneko, pa nthawi ya carnival, madzulo aliwonse kunali zisudzo m'nyumba zisanu ndi ziwiri za zisudzo. Madzulo aliwonse a Academy of Music amakumana, ndiko kuti, kunali msonkhano wanyimbo, nthawi zina madzulo kunali misonkhano iwiri kapena itatu. Zikondwerero zanyimbo zinkachitika m’mipingo tsiku lililonse, makonsati otenga maola angapo ndi kutenga nawo mbali kwa oimba angapo, ziwalo zingapo ndi makwaya angapo otsatizana. Loweruka ndi Lamlungu, ma vespers otchuka ankatumizidwa m'zipatala, malo osungira akazi, kumene ana amasiye, atsikana opeza, kapena atsikana omwe ali ndi mawu okongola ankaphunzitsidwa nyimbo; adapereka nyimbo zoyimba ndi mawu, zomwe Venice yonse idapenga ..».

Kumapeto kwa chaka choyamba cha utumiki wake Vivaldi analandira udindo wa "maestro wa kwaya", kukwezedwa kwina sikudziwika, n'zosakayikitsa kuti anatumikira monga mphunzitsi wa violin ndi kuimba, komanso, intermittently. monga mtsogoleri wa orchestra ndi wolemba.

Mu 1713 analandira tchuthi ndipo, malinga ndi olemba mbiri ya anthu angapo, anapita ku Darmstadt, kumene anagwira ntchito kwa zaka zitatu m'tchalitchi cha Duke wa Darmstadt. Komabe, Pencherl akunena kuti Vivaldi sanapite ku Germany, koma anagwira ntchito ku Mantua, m’nyumba yopemphereramo mfumu, osati mu 1713, koma kuyambira 1720 mpaka 1723. Pencherl akutsimikizira zimenezi mwa kunena kalata yochokera kwa Vivaldi, yemwe analemba kuti: “Ku Mantua Ndinakhala muutumiki wa Kalonga wopembedza wa Darmstadt kwa zaka zitatu, "ndipo amatsimikizira nthawi yomwe anakhala kumeneko chifukwa chakuti mutu wa tchalitchi cha Duke umapezeka pamasamba a mutu wa mabuku osindikizidwa a Vivaldi pambuyo pa 1720. chaka.

Kuyambira 1713 mpaka 1718, Vivaldi ankakhala ku Venice pafupifupi mosalekeza. Panthawi imeneyi, zisudzo zake zinkachitika pafupifupi chaka chilichonse, ndi woyamba mu 1713.

Pofika mu 1717, kutchuka kwa Vivaldi kunali kodabwitsa. Woyimba vayoni wotchuka wa ku Germany Johann Georg Pisendel amabwera kudzaphunzira naye. Kawirikawiri, Vivaldi ankaphunzitsa makamaka oimba a oimba a Conservatory, osati oimba okha, komanso oimba.

Zokwanira kunena kuti anali mphunzitsi wa oimba akuluakulu monga Anna Giraud ndi Faustina Bodoni. "Anakonza woimba wina dzina lake Faustina, yemwe adamukakamiza kutsanzira ndi mawu ake chilichonse chomwe chikanatheka pa nthawi yake pa violin, chitoliro, oboe."

Vivaldi anakhala wochezeka kwambiri ndi Pisendel. Pencherl akutchula nkhani yotsatirayi ya I. Giller. Tsiku lina Pisendel akuyenda motsatira Stamp ya St. ndi "Redhead". Mwadzidzidzi anasokoneza zokambiranazo ndipo mwakachetechete analamula kuti abwerere kunyumba nthawi yomweyo. Atafika kunyumba, adalongosola chifukwa chake adabwerera mwadzidzidzi: kwa nthawi yayitali, misonkhano inayi inatsatira ndikuyang'ana Pisendel wamng'onoyo. Vivaldi anafunsa ngati wophunzira wakeyo ananena mawu odzudzula kulikonse, ndipo anamuuza kuti asachoke m’nyumbamo mpaka ataganizira yekha nkhaniyo. Vivaldi anaona wofufuzayo ndipo anazindikira kuti Pisendel anaganiziridwa molakwika ndi munthu wina wokayikitsa amene anali wofanana naye.

Kuyambira 1718 mpaka 1722, Vivaldi sanalembedwe m'mabuku a Conservatory of Piety, omwe amatsimikizira kuti akhoza kupita ku Mantua. Pa nthawi yomweyo, iye nthawi anaonekera mu mzinda kwawo, kumene zisudzo ake anapitiriza kuchitidwa. Anabwerera ku Conservatory mu 1723, koma kale monga wopeka wotchuka. Pansi pamikhalidwe yatsopanoyi, adakakamizika kulemba ma concerto 2 pamwezi, ndi mphotho ya sequin pa concerto, ndikuwachitira masewera 3-4. Pokwaniritsa ntchitozi, Vivaldi adaziphatikiza ndi maulendo ataliatali komanso akutali. Vivaldi analemba mu 14 kuti: “Kwa zaka 1737, ndakhala ndikuyenda ndi Anna Giraud m’mizinda yambiri ku Ulaya. Ndinakhala nyengo zitatu za carnival ku Rome chifukwa cha zisudzo. Ndinaitanidwa ku Vienna.” Ku Roma, ndiye wolemba nyimbo wotchuka kwambiri, kalembedwe kake kamene kamatsanzira aliyense. Ku Venice mu 1726 iye anachita monga wochititsa okhestra pa Theatre ya St. Angelo, mwachionekere mu 1728, amapita ku Vienna. Kenako patapita zaka zitatu, popanda deta iliyonse. Apanso, mawu oyamba okhudza zomwe adapanga ku Venice, Florence, Verona, Ancona amawunikira mozama za moyo wake. Mofananamo, kuyambira 1735 mpaka 1740, anapitiriza utumiki wake ku Conservatory of Piety.

Tsiku lenileni la imfa ya Vivaldi silidziwika. Zambiri zikuwonetsa 1743.

Zithunzi zisanu za wolemba nyimbo wamkulu zatsala. Zakale kwambiri komanso zodalirika, mwachiwonekere, ndi za P. Ghezzi ndipo zimatanthawuza 1723. "Popu yatsitsi lofiira" ikuwonetsedwa mozama pachifuwa. Pamphumi pamakhala kutsetsereka pang'ono, tsitsi lalitali limapindika, chibwano chili cholozera, mawonekedwe owoneka bwino amadzaza ndi kufuna komanso chidwi.

Vivaldi anali kudwala kwambiri. M'kalata yopita kwa Marquis Guido Bentivoglio (November 16, 1737), akulemba kuti akukakamizika kuyenda maulendo ake pamodzi ndi anthu a 4-5 - ndipo zonse chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chowawa. Komabe, matenda sanamulepheretse kukhala wokangalika kwambiri. Iye ali pa maulendo osatha, amatsogolera nyimbo za opera, amakambirana ndi oimba, amalimbana ndi zofuna zawo, amalembera makalata ambiri, amatsogolera ochestra ndipo amatha kulemba ntchito zambiri. Ndiwothandiza kwambiri ndipo amadziwa kukonza zinthu zake. De Brosse akunena modabwitsa kuti: “Vivaldi anakhala mmodzi wa mabwenzi anga apamtima kuti andigulitse makonsati ake okwera mtengo kwambiri.” Iye amagwada pamaso pa amphamvu a dziko lino, akusankha mwanzeru omsungitsa, achipembedzo mopatulika, ngakhale kuti samakhoterera konse kudzimana zokondweretsa zadziko. Pokhala wansembe wa Katolika, ndipo, malinga ndi malamulo a chipembedzo ichi, analandidwa mwayi wokwatira kwa zaka zambiri, anali m'chikondi ndi wophunzira wake, woimba Anna Giraud. Kuyandikira kwawo kudadzetsa vuto lalikulu Vivaldi. Motero, nthumwi ya apapa ku Ferrara mu 1737 anakana kuti Vivaldi alowe mumzindawo, osati chifukwa chakuti analetsedwa kupita ku misonkhano ya tchalitchi, koma makamaka chifukwa cha kuyandikira koipa kumeneku. Wolemba sewero wotchuka wa ku Italy Carlo Goldoni analemba kuti Giraud anali wonyansa, koma wokongola - anali ndi chiuno chochepa kwambiri, maso okongola ndi tsitsi, pakamwa pabwino, anali ndi mawu ofooka komanso luso losakayikira la siteji.

Kufotokozera bwino za umunthu wa Vivaldi kumapezeka mu Goldoni's Memoirs.

Tsiku lina, Goldoni anafunsidwa kuti asinthe malemba a libretto ya opera Griselda ndi nyimbo za Vivaldi, zomwe zinkachitika ku Venice. Pachifukwa ichi, anapita ku nyumba ya Vivaldi. Wopeka nyimboyo anam’landira ndi buku la mapemphero m’manja mwake, m’chipinda chodzala ndi manotsi. Anadabwa kwambiri kuti m'malo mwa Lalli wakale wa librettist, zosintha ziyenera kupangidwa ndi Goldoni.

"- Ndikudziwa bwino, bwana wanga wokondedwa, kuti muli ndi luso la ndakatulo; Ndidawona Belisarius wanu, yemwe ndimakonda kwambiri, koma izi ndizosiyana kwambiri: mutha kupanga tsoka, ndakatulo yamphamvu, ngati mukufuna, koma osalimbana ndi quatrain kuti mupange nyimbo. Ndipatseni chisangalalo chodziwa masewera anu. “Chonde, chonde, ndikusangalala. Ndinayika kuti Griselda? Iye anali pano. Deus, mu adjutorium meum intende, Domine, Domine, Domine. (Mulungu, tsikirani kwa ine! Ambuye, Ambuye, Ambuye). Iye anali pafupi. Domine adjuvandum (Ambuye, thandizo). Ah, ndi izi, tawonani, bwana, chochitika ichi pakati pa Gualtiere ndi Griselda, ndi chochitika chochititsa chidwi kwambiri, chokhudza mtima. Wolembayo anamaliza ndi aria wachisoni, koma signorina Giraud sakonda nyimbo zosasangalatsa, akufuna chinachake chofotokozera, chosangalatsa, chosonyeza chilakolako m'njira zosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, mawu omwe amasokonezedwa ndi kuusa moyo, ndi zochita, kuyenda. Sindikudziwa ngati mwandimva? "Inde, bwana, ndamvetsetsa kale, kupatulapo, ndinali ndi mwayi womva Signorina Giraud, ndipo ndikudziwa kuti mawu ake sali amphamvu. "Bwana, mukunyoza mwana wanga bwanji?" Chilichonse chilipo kwa iye, amayimba chilichonse. “Inde, bwana, mukulondola; ndipatseni bukulo ndipite kuntchito. “Ayi, bwana, sindingathe, ndikumufuna, ndili ndi nkhawa kwambiri. "Chabwino, ngati, bwana, mwatanganidwa kwambiri, ndipatseni kwa mphindi imodzi ndipo ndikukhutiritsani nthawi yomweyo." - Nthawi yomweyo? “Inde, bwana, nthawi yomweyo. Abbot, akuseka, amandipatsa sewero, pepala ndi inki, atenganso bukhu la mapemphero ndikuyenda, kuwerenga masalmo ndi nyimbo zake. Ndinawerenga zochitika zomwe ndazidziwa kale, ndinakumbukira zokhumba za woimbayo, ndipo pasanathe kotala la ola ndinajambula mavesi 8 papepala, ogawidwa m'magawo awiri. Ndimayitana munthu wanga wauzimu ndikuwonetsa ntchito. Vivaldi amawerenga, mphumi yake imayenda bwino, amawerenganso, amafuula mokondwera, amaponya mpweya wake pansi ndikuyitana Signorina Giraud. Iye akuwoneka; chabwino, akuti, apa pali munthu wosowa, apa pali wolemba ndakatulo wabwino: werengani izi aria; wosayinayo adachipanga popanda kudzuka pamalo ake mu kotala la ola; Kenako anatembenukira kwa ine: Ah, bwana, pepani. "Ndipo amandikumbatira, kulumbira kuti kuyambira pano ndikhala wolemba ndakatulo wake yekha."

Pencherl amamaliza ntchito yoperekedwa kwa Vivaldi ndi mawu otsatirawa: "Umu ndi momwe Vivaldi amasonyezedwera kwa ife tikaphatikiza chidziwitso chonse cha munthu payekha: opangidwa kuchokera ku zosiyana, ofooka, odwala, komabe ali ndi moyo ngati mfuti, wokonzeka kukwiyitsidwa ndi kukwiya. nthawi yomweyo bata, kusuntha kuchokera pachabe zapadziko ku kukhulupirira malaulo, amakani ndi pa nthawi yomweyo accommodating ngati n'koyenera, wachinsinsi, koma wokonzeka kupita kudziko lapansi pankhani zofuna zake, ndipo osati chitsiru kulinganiza zinthu zake.

Ndipo zonse zimagwirizana bwanji ndi nyimbo zake! Mmenemo, njira zapamwamba za kalembedwe ka tchalitchi zimaphatikizidwa ndi moyo wosatopetsa wa moyo, wapamwamba umasakanizidwa ndi moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku, wosamvetsetseka ndi konkire. M’makonsati ake, anthu oimba nyimbo zaukali, maadagio akulira maliro, limodzinso ndi nyimbo za anthu wamba, mawu ochokera pansi pa mtima, ndi kuvina kosangalatsa. Amalemba ntchito zamapulogalamu - kuzungulira kodziwika bwino "Nyengo" ndipo amapereka konsati iliyonse ndi ma stanza opusa a abbot:

Spring yafika, akulengeza mwaulemu. Kuvina kwake kozungulira kosangalatsa, ndipo nyimbo ya m'mapiri imamveka. Ndipo mtsinjewo ukung'ung'udza kwa iye mwachikondi. Mphepo ya Zephyr imasamalira chilengedwe chonse.

Koma mwadzidzidzi kunada, mphezi zinawala, Kasupe ndi chizindikiro - bingu linadutsa m'mapiri Ndipo posakhalitsa adatonthola; ndi nyimbo ya anyani, Omwazika mu buluu, iwo amathamangira m'zigwa.

Kumene kapeti wa maluwa a m’chigwa amakuta, Kumene mitengo ndi masamba zimanjenjemera ndi mphepo, Galu ali pa mapazi ake, m’busa akulota.

Ndipo kachiwiri Pan akhoza kumvetsera chitoliro chamatsenga Kumveka kwa iye, nymphs kuvina kachiwiri, Kulandira Wamatsenga-kasupe.

M'chilimwe, Vivaldi amapanga khwangwala, kamba kulira, kulira kwa goldfinch; mu “Mphukira” konsati imayamba ndi nyimbo ya anthu akumudzi akubwerera kuchokera kumunda. Amapanganso zithunzi zandakatulo za chilengedwe mumasewero ena a pulogalamu, monga "Storm at Sea", "Night", "Abusa". Amakhalanso ndi zoimbaimba zomwe zimasonyeza mkhalidwe wamaganizo: "Kukayikira", "Mpumulo", "Nkhawa". Ma concerto ake awiri pamutu wakuti "Usiku" akhoza kuonedwa kuti ndi nyimbo zoyamba za symphonic mu nyimbo za dziko.

Zolemba zake zimadabwitsa ndi kuchuluka kwa malingaliro. Pokhala ndi oimba omwe ali nawo, Vivaldi amayesa nthawi zonse. Zida zoimbira payekha m'zolemba zake zimakhala zolimba kwambiri kapena zowoneka bwino kwambiri. Kuimba nyimbo mowolowa manja m'makonsati ena kumapangitsa kuti anthu aziimba mowolowa manja, mokoma mtima mwa ena. Zowoneka bwino, kusewera kwa timbres, monga pakati pa Concerto kwa ma violin atatu okhala ndi phokoso lokongola la pizzicato, pafupifupi "zowoneka bwino".

Vivaldi adapanga ndi liwiro lodabwitsa: "Ali wokonzeka kubetcha kuti atha kupanga konsati ndi ziwalo zake zonse mwachangu kuposa momwe mlembi angalembenso," adalemba de Brosse. Mwina apa ndipamene nyimbo za Vivaldi zimachokera, zomwe zasangalatsa omvera kwa zaka zoposa mazana awiri.

L. Raaben, 1967