Arrigo Boito (Arrigo Boito) |

Arrigo Boito

Boito amadziwika makamaka ngati wolemba nyimbo - wolemba nawo nyimbo zaposachedwa kwambiri za Verdi, ndipo kachiwiri monga wolemba nyimbo. Posakhala wolowa m'malo mwa Verdi kapena wotsanzira Wagner, yemwe amamuyamikira kwambiri, Boito sanalowe nawo pa verismo yomwe inali kutuluka ku Italy kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XNUMX ndi chidwi chake pa moyo watsiku ndi tsiku komanso mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono. Ngakhale kutalika kwa njira yake yolenga, sanangokhalabe m'mbiri ya nyimbo monga wolemba opera yekhayo, koma ndithudi, mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wake, sanamalize yachiwiri.

Arrigo Boito anabadwa pa February 24, 1842 ku Padua, m'banja la miniaturist, koma analeredwa ndi amayi ake, a ku Poland, omwe adasiya mwamuna wake panthawiyo. Ndi chidwi oyambirira nyimbo, iye analowa ku Milan Conservatory ali ndi zaka khumi ndi chimodzi, kumene anaphunzira kwa zaka zisanu ndi zitatu mu kalasi zikuchokera Alberto Mazukato. Kale m'zaka izi, talente yake iwiri idadziwonetsera yokha: mu cantata ndi zinsinsi zolembedwa ndi Boito, zolembedwa ku Conservatory, anali ndi malemba ndi theka la nyimbo. Anayamba kuchita chidwi ndi nyimbo za Chijeremani, zomwe sizinali zofala kwambiri ku Italy: poyamba Beethoven, pambuyo pake Wagner, kukhala wotetezera wake ndi propagandist. Boito anamaliza maphunziro awo ku Conservatory ndi mendulo ndi mphotho ya ndalama, zomwe anathera paulendo. Anapita ku France, Germany ndi kwawo kwa amayi ake ku Poland. Ku Paris, msonkhano woyamba, wosakhalitsa, wolenga ndi Verdi unachitika: Boito adakhala mlembi wa nyimbo yake ya National Anthem, yomwe idapangidwira chiwonetsero ku London. Kubwerera ku Milan kumapeto kwa 1862, Boito adayamba ntchito yolemba. Mu theka loyamba la zaka za m'ma 1860, ndakatulo zake, zolemba za nyimbo ndi zisudzo, komanso mabuku ena amtsogolo adasindikizidwa. Amakhala pafupi ndi olemba achichepere omwe amadzitcha okha "Disheveled". Ntchito yawo ili ndi mikhalidwe yachisoni, malingaliro osweka, opanda pake, malingaliro a chiwonongeko, kupambana kwa nkhanza ndi zoipa, zomwe zinawonekera m'masewero onse a Boito. Malingaliro awa a dziko lapansi sanamulepheretse mu 1866 kulowa nawo kampeni ya Garibaldi, yemwe adamenyera ufulu ndi kugwirizana kwa Italy, ngakhale sanachite nawo nkhondo.

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa Boito ndi 1868, pamene kuyamba kwa opera Mephistopheles kunachitika ku La Scala Theatre ku Milan. Boito adachitapo nthawi imodzi ngati woyimba nyimbo, woyimba nyimbo zaulere komanso wowongolera - ndipo adalephera kwambiri. Atakhumudwitsidwa ndi zomwe zidachitika, adadzipereka ku librettism: adalemba libretto ya Gioconda ya Ponchielli, yomwe idakhala nyimbo yabwino kwambiri ya woimbayo, yomwe idatembenuzidwa m'Chitaliyana Armida ya Gluck, The Free Gunner ya Weber, Ruslan wa Glinka ndi Lyudmila. Amadzipereka kwambiri kwa Wagner: amamasulira Rienzi ndi Tristan und Isolde, nyimbo za mawu a Matilda Wesendonck, komanso pokhudzana ndi kuyamba kwa Lohengrin ku Bologna (1871) akulemba kalata yotseguka kwa wokonzanso ku Germany. Komabe, chilakolako cha Wagner ndi kukana kwa zisudzo zamakono za ku Italy monga chikhalidwe ndi chizolowezi zimasinthidwa ndi kumvetsetsa tanthauzo lenileni la Verdi, lomwe limasandulika kukhala mgwirizano wolenga ndi ubwenzi womwe unatha mpaka mapeto a moyo wa maestro otchuka (1901) ). Izi zinathandizidwa ndi wofalitsa wotchuka wa ku Milanese Ricordi, yemwe anapereka Verdi Boito ngati womasulira bwino kwambiri. Malinga ndi lingaliro la Ricordi, kumayambiriro kwa 1870, Boito adamaliza kumasulira kwa Nero ku Verdi. Otanganidwa ndi Aida, wolembayo adakana, ndipo kuyambira 1879 Boito adayamba kugwira ntchito pa Nero, koma sanasiye kugwira ntchito ndi Verdi: kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1880 adakonzanso libretto ya Simon Boccanegra, kenako adalenga ma librettos awiri ku Shakespeare - Iago " , yomwe Verdi adalemba opera yake yabwino kwambiri Othello, ndi Falstaff. Anali Verdi amene adalimbikitsa Boito mu May 1891 kuti atengenso Nero, yomwe inaimitsidwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Zaka 10 pambuyo pake, Boito adasindikiza libretto yake, yomwe inali chochitika chachikulu m'moyo wolemba mabuku ku Italy. Mu 1901 yemweyo, Boito adachita bwino kwambiri monga wolemba nyimbo: kupanga kwatsopano kwa Mephistopheles ndi Chaliapin mu udindo wa Toscanini, womwe unachitikira ku La Scala, pambuyo pake masewerowa adazungulira dziko lonse lapansi. Wopeka ntchito "Nero" mpaka mapeto a moyo wake, mu 1912 anatenga Act V, anapereka udindo waukulu Caruso, amene anaimba Faust mu masewero otsiriza a Milan "Mephistopheles", koma sanamalize opera.

Boito anamwalira pa June 10, 1918 ku Milan.

A. Koenigsberg