Pyotr Ivanovich Slovtsov (Pyotr Slovtsov) |

Pyotr Slovtsov

Ubwana. Zaka za maphunziro.

Woimba wodabwitsa wa ku Russia Pyotr Ivanovich Slovtsov anabadwa pa July 12 (June 30 wa kalembedwe kakale) mu 1886 m'mudzi wa Ustyansky, m'chigawo cha Kansky, m'chigawo cha Yenisei, m'banja la dikoni wa tchalitchi.

Ali mwana, ali ndi zaka 1,5, bambo ake anamwalira. Pamene Petya zaka 5, mayi ake anasamukira ku Krasnoyarsk, kumene Slovtsov wamng'ono anakhala ubwana ndi unyamata.

Malingana ndi mwambo wa banja, mnyamatayo anatumizidwa kukaphunzira kusukulu ya zaumulungu, ndiyeno ku seminare ya zaumulungu (yomwe tsopano ndi nyumba ya chipatala cha asilikali), kumene mphunzitsi wake wa nyimbo anali PI Ivanov-Radkevich (kenako pulofesa ku Moscow Conservatory). ). Ngakhale paubwana wake, kukongola kwake komanso kusiyanasiyana kwa mnyamatayo kunakopa chidwi cha aliyense womuzungulira.

Kusukulu ndi seminare, chidwi chapadera chinali kuyimba, ndipo Pyotr Slovtsov anaimba kwambiri mu kwaya. Mawu ake adamveka bwino pakati pa mawu a aseminale, ndipo machitidwe aumwini anayamba kupatsidwa kwa iye.

Aliyense amene amamumvera adanena kuti woimbayo akuyembekezera ntchito yojambula bwino, ndipo pokhapokha ngati mawu a Slovtsov adayikidwa bwino, m'tsogolomu akhoza kutenga malo a mtsogoleri wa nyimbo pa siteji iliyonse yayikulu ya opera.

Mu 1909, Slovtsov wamng'ono anamaliza maphunziro a maphunziro a zaumulungu ndipo, kusiya ntchito yake yapabanja monga mtsogoleri wachipembedzo, adalowa ku yunivesite ya Warsaw. Koma miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pambuyo pake, kukopeka kwake ndi nyimbo kunamufikitsa ku Moscow Conservatory, ndipo analowa m’kalasi ya Pulofesa I.Ya.Gordi.

Nditamaliza maphunziro a Conservatory mu 1912, Slovtsov anakhala soloist pa Kyiv Opera Theatre. Liwu lodabwitsa - nyimbo yanyimbo, yofewa komanso yolemekezeka mu timbre, chikhalidwe chapamwamba, kuwona mtima kwakukulu ndi kuwonetseratu kwa machitidwe, mwamsanga kunabweretsa woimbayo chikondi cha omvera.

Chiyambi cha ntchito yolenga.

Kale kumayambiriro kwa ntchito yake yojambula, Slovtsov anachita ndi zisudzo zambiri ndi chipinda chojambula, cholembedwa ndi makampani angapo. M'zaka zimenezo, oimba ambiri a kalasi yoyamba ankaimba pa siteji ya opera ya ku Russia: L. Sobinov, D. Smirnov, A. Davydov, A. Labinsky ndi ena angapo. Young Slovtsov nthawi yomweyo analowa mu mlalang'amba wodabwitsa wa ojambula ngati ofanana.

Koma izi ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuti omvera ambiri a nthawiyo adagwirizana pa lingaliro lomwelo kuti Slovtsov anali ndi mawu osowa kwambiri mu makhalidwe ake, ovuta kufotokoza. Nyimbo yanyimbo, kusisita kwa mawu, osakhudzidwa, atsopano, apadera mu mphamvu ndi phokoso la velvety, adagonjetsa ndi kugonjetsa omvera omwe amaiwala za chirichonse ndipo ali mu mphamvu ya mawu awa.

Kukula kwamtunduwu ndi kupuma kodabwitsa kumalola woimbayo kuti apereke phokoso lonse ku holo ya zisudzo, osabisa kanthu, osabisa kanthu ndi malo olakwika opuma.

Malinga ndi owerengera ambiri, mawu a Slovtsov amagwirizana ndi a Sobinovsky, koma ochulukirapo komanso ofunda. Momasuka mofanana, Slovtsov adachita masewera a Lensky ndi Alyosha Popovich aria kuchokera ku Dobrynya Nikitich wa Grechaninov, zomwe zikanatheka kokha ndi tenor yodabwitsa kwambiri.

Anthu a m'nthawi ya Pyotr Ivanovich nthawi zambiri ankatsutsana kuti ndi iti mwa mitundu ya Slovtsov yomwe inali yabwino: nyimbo za chipinda kapena opera. Ndipo nthawi zambiri iwo sakanakhoza kufika pa mgwirizano, chifukwa aliyense wa iwo Slovtsov anali mbuye wamkulu.

Koma wokondedwa uyu wa siteji m'moyo anali wodzichepetsa kwambiri, kukoma mtima, komanso kusadzikuza kulikonse. Mu 1915, woimba anaitanidwa ku gulu la Petrograd People's House. Apa iye mobwerezabwereza anachita ndi FI Chaliapin mu zisudzo "Prince Igor", "Mermaid", "Faust", Mozart ndi Salieri, "The Barber wa Seville".

Wojambula wamkulu adalankhula mwachikondi za talente ya Slovtsov. Anamupatsa chithunzi chake chomwe chinali ndi mawu akuti: "Ndikukumbukira bwino ndikulakalaka kuchita bwino pantchito zaluso." PISlovtsov kuchokera ku F.Chaliapin, December 31, 1915 St.

Ukwati ndi MN Rioli-Slovtsova.

Patatha zaka zitatu nditamaliza maphunziro a Conservatory, kusintha kwakukulu kunachitika pa moyo wa PI Slovtsov, mu 1915 anakwatira. Mkazi wake, nee Anofrieva Margarita Nikolaevna, ndipo kenako Rioli-Slovtsova nayenso anamaliza maphunziro a Moscow Conservatory mu 1911 m'kalasi loyimba la Pulofesa VM Zarudnaya-Ivanova. Pamodzi ndi iye, m'kalasi ya Pulofesa UA Mazetti, woimba wodabwitsa NA Obukhova anamaliza maphunzirowo, omwe adakhala nawo paubwenzi wolimba kwa zaka zambiri, zomwe zinayambira ku Conservatory. 'Mukakhala wotchuka,' Obukhova analemba m'chithunzi chake choperekedwa kwa Margarita Nikolaevna, 'musataye abwenzi akale'.

M'mafotokozedwe operekedwa kwa Margarita Nikolaevna Anofrieva ndi Pulofesa VM Zarudnaya-Ivanova ndi mwamuna wake, wolemba nyimbo ndi mkulu wa Conservatory MM Ippolitov-Ivanov, osati kuchita kokha, komanso talente yophunzitsa ya wophunzira diploma. Iwo analemba kuti Anofrieva akanakhoza kuchita ntchito pedagogical osati sekondale nyimbo maphunziro, komanso conservatories.

Koma Margarita Nikolaevna ankakonda siteji ya zisudzo ndipo akwaniritsa ungwiro pano, kuchita maudindo kutsogolera mu opera nyumba za Tiflis, Kharkov, Kyiv, Petrograd, Yekaterinburg, Tomsk, Irkutsk.

Mu 1915, MN Anofrieva anakwatira P.

Margarita Nikolaevna maphunziro Conservatory osati woimba, komanso limba. Ndipo n'zoonekeratu kuti Pyotr Ivanovich, amene anachita zoimbaimba m'chipinda, Margarita Nikolaevna monga woperekeza wake ankakonda, amene amadziwa bwino nyimbo zake zonse olemera ndipo ali ndi ulamuliro wabwino wa luso limodzi.

Kubwerera ku Krasnoyarsk. National Conservatory.

Kuyambira 1915 mpaka 1918, Slovtsov ankagwira ntchito ku Petrograd ku Bolshoi Theatre ku People's House. Ataganiza zodzidyetsa pang'ono ku Siberia, pambuyo pa njala ya Petrograd yozizira, a Slovtsov amapita ku Krasnoyarsk m'chilimwe kwa amayi a woimbayo. Kuphulika kwa kupanduka kwa Kolchak sikuwalola kuti abwerere. Nyengo ya 1918-1919 oimba awiriwa ankagwira ntchito ku Tomsk-Yekaterinburg Opera, ndi nyengo ya 1919-1920 ku Irkutsk Opera.

Pa April 5, 1920, People's Conservatory (tsopano Krasnoyarsk College of Arts) inatsegulidwa ku Krasnoyarsk. PI Slovtsov ndi MN Rioli-Slovtsova anatenga gawo lalikulu mu bungwe lake, kupanga kalasi yodziwika bwino ya mawu yomwe inadziwika ku Siberia konse.

Ngakhale kuti panali mavuto aakulu m'zaka za kuwonongeka kwachuma - cholowa cha nkhondo yapachiweniweni - ntchito ya Conservatory inali yaikulu komanso yopambana. Zochita zake zinali zokhumba kwambiri poyerekeza ndi ntchito za mabungwe ena oimba ku Siberia. Inde, panali zovuta zambiri: panalibe zida zoimbira zokwanira, zipinda zamakalasi ndi makonsati, aphunzitsi anali malipiro ochepa kwa miyezi, tchuthi chachilimwe sichinalipiridwa nkomwe.

Kuyambira 1923, mwa zoyesayesa za PI Slovtsov ndi MN Rioli-Slovtsova, zisudzo za opera zayambiranso ku Krasnoyarsk. Mosiyana ndi magulu a zisudzo amene kale ankagwira ntchito pano, amene analengedwa chifukwa cha kuyendera ojambula zithunzi, gulu anali kwathunthu Krasnoyarsk oimba ndi oimba. Ndipo ichi ndi ubwino waukulu wa Slovtsovs, amene anatha kugwirizanitsa okonda nyimbo opera mu Krasnoyarsk. Nawo opera, osati monga oimba mwachindunji mbali udindo, ndi Slovtsovs analinso otsogolera ndi atsogoleri a magulu soloists - oimba, amene mothandizidwa ndi sukulu yawo yabwino mawu ndi zinachitikira wolemera m'munda wa luso siteji.

Anthu a ku Slovtsov anayesa kuti anthu a ku Krasnoyarsk amve oimba ambiri abwino momwe angathere poyitanira oimba a opera ku zisudzo zawo. Pakati pawo panali oimba odziwika bwino monga L. Balanovskaya, V. Kastorsky, G. Pirogov, A. Kolomeitseva, N. Surminsky ndi ena ambiri. Mu 1923-1924 anachita zisudzo monga Mermaid, La Traviata, Faust, Dubrovsky, Eugene Onegin.

M’nkhani ina ya m’zaka zimenezo, nyuzipepala yakuti “Krasnoyarsk Rabochiy” inanena kuti “kukonza zinthu zoterezi ndi akatswiri osakhala akatswiri, mwa njira ina, n’kwabwino kwambiri.”

Okonda nyimbo za Krasnoyarsk kwa zaka zambiri amakumbukira zithunzi zokongola zomwe zinapangidwa ndi Slovtsov: Kalonga ku Dargomyzhsky 'Mermaid', Lensky mu 'Eugene Onegin' ya Tchaikovsky, Vladimir ku Napravnik's 'Dubrovsky', Alfred ku Verdi's 'La Traviata', Faust mu opera ya Gounod. dzina lomwelo.

Koma anthu okhala ku Krasnoyarsk sakumbukiridwanso pamakonsati a chipinda cha Slovtsov, omwe nthawi zonse amayembekezeredwa ngati tchuthi.

Pyotr Ivanovich anali ndi ntchito zomwe ankakonda kwambiri, zomwe anachita mwaluso komanso zolimbikitsa: chikondi cha Nadir kuchokera ku opera ya Bizet 'The Pearl Seekers', nyimbo ya Duke kuchokera ku Verdi's 'Rigoletto', cavatina ya Tsar Berendey kuchokera ku Rimsky-Korsakov 'The Snow Maiden', Werther's arioso. Opera ya Massenet ya dzina lomwelo, Mozart's Lullaby ndi ena.

Kupanga "Labor Opera Gulu" ku Krasnoyarsk.

Kumapeto kwa 1924, pa ntchito ya Trade Union of Artworkers (Rabis), pamaziko a gulu la opera lomwe linakonzedwa ndi PI Slovtsov, gulu lalikulu la zisudzo linapangidwa, lotchedwa "Labor Opera Group". Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mgwirizano unatsirizidwa ndi khonsolo ya mzinda kuti igwiritse ntchito nyumba ya MAS Pushkin yomanga zisudzo ndipo inapereka chithandizo cha ma ruble zikwi zitatu, ngakhale kuti panali zovuta zachuma m'dzikoli.

Anthu oposa 100 adagwira nawo ntchito pakampani ya opera. AL Markson, yemwe adachita zisudzo, ndi SF Abayantsev, yemwe adatsogolera kwayayo, adakhala mamembala a board ndi otsogolera aluso. Oyimba solo anaitanidwa ku Leningrad ndi mizinda ina: Maria Petipa (coloratura soprano), Vasily Polferov (nyimbo-zochititsa chidwi tenor), wotchuka opera woimba Lyubov Andreeva-Delmas. Wojambula uyu anali ndi kuphatikiza kodabwitsa kwa liwu lalikulu komanso mawonekedwe owala a siteji. Imodzi mwa ntchito zabwino kwambiri za Andreeva-Delmes, gawo la Carmen, kamodzi anauzira A. Blok kuti apange kuzungulira kwa ndakatulo za Carmen. Anthu akale omwe adawona ntchitoyi ku Krasnoyarsk adakumbukira kwa nthawi yayitali zomwe talente ndi luso la wojambulayo adapanga pa omvera.

Woyamba wa Krasnoyarsk Opera House, wopangidwa ndi khama lalikulu la Slovtsovs, adagwira ntchito yosangalatsa komanso yopindulitsa. Owunikira adawona zovala zabwino, zida zosiyanasiyana, koma koposa zonse, chikhalidwe chapamwamba cha nyimbo. Gulu la opera linagwira ntchito kwa miyezi 5 (kuyambira January mpaka May 1925). Panthawiyi, ma opera 14 adachitidwa. 'Dubrovsky' ndi E. Napravnik ndi 'Eugene Onegin' ndi P. Tchaikovsky adawonetsedwa ndi kutenga nawo mbali kwa Slovtsovs. Opera ya Krasnoyarsk sinali yachilendo pakufufuza mitundu yatsopano yaukadaulo. Potsatira chitsanzo cha zisudzo za likulu, sewero la 'Struggle for the Commune' likupangidwa, momwe otsogolera adayesa kupendanso zakale mwanjira yatsopano. Libretto inachokera ku zochitika za nthawi ya Paris Commune, ndi nyimbo - kuchokera ku 'Tosca' ya D. Puccini (kufufuza kotereku kunali kofanana ndi zaka makumi awiri).

Moyo ku Krasnoyarsk.

Krasnoyarsk anthu ankadziwa Pyotr Ivanovich osati wojambula. Atayamba kukondana ndi ntchito yosavuta yaumphawi kuyambira ali mwana, anathera nthawi yake yonse yaulimi pa moyo wake wonse ku Krasnoyarsk. Pokhala ndi kavalo, ankadzisamalira yekha. Ndipo anthu a m'tauni nthawi zambiri ankaona mmene Slovtsov anadutsa mu mzinda mu ngolo wopepuka, wopita kukapumula pafupi ndi. Osati wamtali, wonenepa, wokhala ndi nkhope yaku Russia yotseguka, PI Slovtsov adakopa anthu ndi chifundo chake komanso kuphweka kwa adilesi.

Pyotr Ivanovich ankakonda chilengedwe cha Krasnoyarsk, anapita ku taiga ndi "Mizati" yotchuka. Ngodya yodabwitsa imeneyi ya ku Siberia inakopa anthu ambiri, ndipo aliyense amene anabwera ku Krasnoyarsk ankayesetsa kuyendera kumeneko.

Mboni zowona ndi maso zimalankhula za chochitika chimodzi pamene Slovtsov anayenera kuyimba kutali ndi kukhala mu konsati. Gulu la ojambula oyendera linasonkhana, ndipo adapempha Peter Ivanovich kuti awawonetse 'Mizati'.

Nkhani yakuti Slovtsov anali pa "Mizati" nthawi yomweyo inadziwika kwa stolbists, ndipo adanyengerera ojambulawo kuti akumane ndi kutuluka kwa dzuwa pa "Mzati Woyamba".

Gulu lotsogozedwa ndi Petr Ivanovich linatsogozedwa ndi odziwa kukwera - abale Vitali ndi Evgeny Abalakov, Galya Turova ndi Valya Cheredova, omwe adapereka inshuwaransi pa sitepe iliyonse ya stolbists novice. Pamwamba, mafani a woimba wotchuka anapempha Pyotr Ivanovich kuti ayimbe, ndipo gulu lonse linaimba naye pamodzi.

Concert ntchito ya Slovtsovs.

Pyotr Ivanovich ndi Margarita Nikolaevna Slovtsov anaphatikiza ntchito yophunzitsa ndi zochitika za konsati. Kwa zaka zambiri ankaimba ndi zoimbaimba m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana ya Soviet Union. Ndipo kulikonse kumene iwo anachita analandira kupendedwa kosangalatsa kwambiri.

Mu 1924, zoimbaimba ulendo wa Slovtsovs unachitika ku Harbin (China). Mmodzi mwa ndemanga zambiri anati: 'Katswiri woimba wa ku Russia akupeza oimba angwiro pamaso pathu ... Liwu laumulungu, siliva, lomwe, mwazinthu zonse, palibe wofanana ndi aliyense ku Russia tsopano. Labinsky, Smirnov ndi ena pakali pano, poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa mawu a Slovtsov, ndi zolemba zamtengo wapatali za galamafoni za 'zakale zosabwezeredwa'. Ndipo Slovtsov ali lero: dzuŵa, likuphwanyidwa ndi diamondi za nyimbo zonyezimira, zomwe Harbin sanayerekeze kulota ... Kutentha, mphepo yamkuntho, kufuula kosalekeza kunasintha konsati kukhala chipambano chosalekeza. Kunena choncho ndi pamlingo wochepa chabe kufotokoza chidwi chodabwitsa cha konsati yadzulo. Slovtsov anaimba mosayerekezeka komanso mosangalatsa, anaimba mwaumulungu… PI Slovtsov ndi woyimba wapadera komanso wapadera…'

Ndemanga yomweyi idawona kupambana kwa MN Rioli-Slovtsova mu konsatiyi, yemwe sanangoyimba mokongola, komanso amatsagana ndi mwamuna wake.

Moscow Conservatory.

Mu 1928, PI Slovtsov anaitanidwa kukhala pulofesa woimba pa Moscow Central Combine of Theatre Arts (kenako GITIS, ndipo tsopano RATI). Pamodzi ndi ntchito zophunzitsa Petr Ivanovich anaimba pa Bolshoi Academic Theatre wa USSR.

Nyuzipepala ya metropolitan inamufotokoza kuti ndi "munthu wamkulu, woimba wathunthu, wokhala ndi mbiri yabwino." Nyuzipepala ya Izvestia pa November 30, 1928, pambuyo pa imodzi ya makonsati ake, inalemba kuti: “M’pofunika kudziwitsa anthu ambiri za luso loimba la Slovtsov.”

Kuchita bwino kwambiri ku Moscow ndi Leningrad, adayimba mu "La Traviata" - ndi A. Nezhdanova, mu "Mermaid" - za V. Pavlovskaya ndi M. Reizen. Nyuzipepala za zaka zimenezo zinalemba kuti: "La Traviata" inakhalanso ndi moyo ndikutsitsimutsidwa, mwamsanga pamene ambuye odabwitsa omwe adagwira ntchito zazikulu adakhudza: Nezhdanova ndi Slovtsov, Kodi tili ndi oimba angati omwe angakhale ndi sukulu yabwino kwambiri komanso luso lapamwamba chotero?

Chaka chomaliza cha moyo wa woimbayo.

M'nyengo yozizira 1934 Slovtsov anayenda ulendo wa Kuzbass ndi zoimbaimba, mu zoimbaimba otsiriza Pyotr Ivanovich anachita kale odwala. Anathamangira ku Krasnoyarsk, ndipo anadwala, ndipo February 24, 1934 anali atapita. Woimbayo anafa kumayambiriro kwa luso lake ndi mphamvu zake, ali ndi zaka 48 zokha. Onse a Krasnoyarsk adawona wojambula wawo wokondedwa komanso wakumudzi paulendo wake womaliza.

Pa manda a Pokrovsky (kumanja kwa tchalitchi) pali chipilala choyera cha marble. Pa iyo pali mawu ojambulidwa kuchokera ku opera ya Massenet 'Werther': 'O, osandidzutsa, mpweya wa masika'. Apa panapuma mmodzi wa oimba otchuka a ku Russia, mwachikondi otchedwa ndi anthu a m'nthawi yake kuti Siberia nightingale.

M'mawu omwalira, gulu la oimba aku Soviet, motsogozedwa ndi People's Artist of the Republic Ippolitov-Ivanov, Sobinov, ndi ena ambiri, adanena kuti imfa ya Slovtsov "idzabweranso ndi ululu waukulu m'mitima ya omvera ambiri mu Soviet Union. Union, komanso oimba amakumbukira kwanthawi yayitali woyimba wodabwitsa komanso wojambula wamkulu. ”

Mbiri ya imfa imathera ndi kuitana: "Ndipo ndani, choyamba, ngati si Krasnoyarsk, ayenera kukumbukira nthawi yaitali Slovtsov?" MN Rioli-Slovtsova, pambuyo pa imfa ya Petr Ivanovich, anapitiriza ntchito yake pedagogical mu Krasnoyarsk kwa zaka makumi awiri. Anamwalira mu 1954 ndipo anaikidwa pafupi ndi mwamuna wake.

Mu 1979, kampani ya Leningrad "Melody" idatulutsa chimbale choperekedwa kwa PI Slovtsov pamutu wakuti 'Oimba Opambana Akale'.

Zida zokonzedwa molingana ndi buku la BG Krivoshey, LG Lavrushev, EM Preisman 'Musical life of Krasnoyarsk', Krasnoyarsk book publishing house mu 1983, zikalata za State Archive of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, ndi Krasnoyarsk Regional Museum of Local Lore.