Celesta: kufotokoza zida, mbiri, phokoso, mfundo zosangalatsa

Pali mawu omwe amafanana ndi matsenga. Aliyense amawadziwa. Sikuti aliyense amadziwa chomwe chida choimbira chimatha kulowa munthano. The Celesta ndi chida choimbira chomwe chingathe kuchita zimenezo.

Kodi celesta ndi chiyani

The celesta ndi chida chaching'ono choyimba. Kutalika kwapakati ndi mita imodzi, m'lifupi - 90 centimita. Amadziwika ngati idiophone.

Mawu akuti "celesta" (mwa kuyankhula kwina - celesta) omasuliridwa kuchokera ku Italy amatanthauza "wakumwamba". Dzinalo limalongosola phokosolo molondola momwe zingathere. Mukangomva, sizingatheke kuiwala.

Zikuwoneka ngati piyano. Pamwambapa pali shelufu ya nyimbo. Chotsatira ndi makiyi. Pedals amaikidwa pansi. Wopangayo ali pampando womasuka kutsogolo kwa chitsanzocho.

Chida ichi sichimagwiritsidwa ntchito payekha. Nthawi zambiri zimamveka ngati gulu, motsogozedwa ndi wotsogolera. The celesta si ntchito kokha nyimbo zachikale. Kumveka kofananako kumawonekera mu jazi, nyimbo zodziwika bwino, rock.

Kodi celesta imamveka bwanji?

Phokoso la celesta mu nyimbo ndi chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zomwe zingadabwitse wokonda nyimbo. Phokosoli limafanana ndi kulira kwa mabelu ang'onoang'ono.

Pali kugawanika kwa zitsanzo mu mitundu iwiri, momwe phokoso la mawu limaganiziridwa:

• Chidacho chimatha kutulutsa ma octave anayi: kuyambira "C" ya octave 1 mpaka "C" ya 5 octave (c1 - c5). Ndiwo mtundu wotchuka kwambiri.
• Mpaka asanu ndi theka octaves.

Gulu lotereli lidzakuthandizani kusankha njira yoyenera yopangira nyimbo zosiyanasiyana.

Chida chipangizo

Zikuwoneka ngati piyano. Chifukwa chake, njira yopezera mawu ndi yofanana, koma yosavuta.

Wopangayo, atakhala bwino pampando, amasindikiza makiyi omwe amagwirizanitsidwa ndi nyundo zomwe zimagunda nsanja zachitsulo. Zotsirizirazo zimayikidwa pazitsulo zamatabwa. Chifukwa cha kuwombera koteroko, phokoso lofanana ndi kulira kwa mabelu likuwonekera.

Mbiri ya kulengedwa kwa celesta

Mbiri ya chilengedwe imayamba chakutali cha 1788. C. Clagget adasonkhanitsa "kukonza foloko clavier", yomwe imatengedwa kuti ndi kholo la celesta. Kachipangizoka kanali kozikidwa pa nyundo zowombera mafoloko. Kumveka kosiyanasiyana kunatheka chifukwa cha makulidwe osiyanasiyana a mafoloko opangira zitsulo omwe adayikidwa pachitsanzocho.

Gawo lachiwiri la mbiriyakale limayamba ndi kulengedwa kwa "dultison" ndi Mfalansa Victor Mustel. Chochitikacho chinachitika mu 1860. Chitsanzochi chinali ndi mfundo yofanana ya ntchito. Pambuyo pake, mwana wa Victor, Auguste Mustel, anamaliza makinawo. Mafoloko okonza anasinthidwa ndi mbale zachitsulo zokhala ndi ma resonators. Mu 1886, chopangidwa ichi chinali chovomerezeka. Chitsanzo chotsatiracho chinatchedwa "celesta".

kugwiritsa

Kupanga chida chatsopano kudapangitsa kuti chiwonekere m'ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Inapeza kutchuka kwambiri kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 20.

Celeste adawonekera koyamba mu W. Shakespeare's The Tempest mu 1888. Wolemba Ernest Chausson adagwiritsa ntchito ngati gawo la gulu lake. Kunali phokoso lachipambano la nyimbo zamaphunziro.

Masewerawa ku France adadabwitsa PI Tchaikovsky. Wolemba nyimbo wa ku Russia anachita chidwi ndi zomwe anamva ndipo anaganiza zobweretsa phokosoli kudziko lakwawo. Kumveka kwa Bell kunawonekera mu ntchito za woimba wamkulu. Kwa nthawi yoyamba ku Russia, chochitikacho chinachitika mu 1892 ku Mariinsky Theatre pamasewero oyambirira a The Nutcracker ballet. M'zaka zotsatira, phokoso lofananalo linawonekera mu ballad "Voevoda".

Mu nyimbo zachikale, celesta adawonekeranso muzolemba zina za olemba otchuka. G. Mahler anaiphatikiza m’nyimbo zanyimbo Nambala 6 ndi Na. 8, “Nyimbo ya Dziko Lapansi.” G. Holst - mu gulu "Planeti". Symphonies Nos. 4, 6 ndi 13 ndi Dmitry Shestakovich amakhalanso ndi mawu ofanana. Chidacho chinawonekera mu zisudzo za A Midsummer Night Dream (E. Britten), The Distant Ringing (Schreker), Akhenaten (F. Glass).

Phokoso la "belu" silinapezeke m'mawu a symphonic okha. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 20, phokoso lofananalo linayamba kuwoneka mosiyana kwambiri - jazi. Izi zingaphatikizepo E. Hines, H. Carmichael, O. Peterson, F. Waller, M. Lewis, T. Monk, D. Ellington. Oimba agwiritsa ntchito bwino celesta mu nyimbo zawo.

Mfundo Zokondweretsa

Celesta ndi chida chodabwitsa choyimbira. Itha kuwoneka ngati piyano, koma mawu ake ndi apadera.

Tengani, mwachitsanzo, chochititsa chidwi chokhudzana ndi ballet The Nutcracker yolembedwa ndi PI Tchaikovsky. Mu sewero lachiwiri, nthano ya dragee imavina mpaka madontho a kristalo a nyimboyo. Zikuwoneka kuti nandolo zagalasi zimagwera pa mbale yasiliva, kenako zimadumpha ndikuzimiririka. Ena amayerekezera phokosoli ndi madontho amadzi akugwa. Lingaliro la wolembayo linatha kukhala zenizeni chifukwa cha "kumwamba". Tchaikovsky ankamukonda kwambiri. Ndipo panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, anali kuchita mantha kugaŵira zimene anapezazo. Kusunga chinsinsi, mothandizidwa ndi PI Jurgenson adatha kuyitanitsa chidacho kuchokera ku France. Chinsinsicho chinasungidwa mpaka kuyamba koyamba.

Zomwe zafotokozedwazi zimangotsimikizira kuti celesta ndi yosiyana kwambiri. Makina osavuta amakulolani kuti mumve mawu osayiwalika a "belu". Mpaka pano, palibe chida chomwe chingakhale m'malo mwa "chakumwamba".