Conservatory |

italo. conservatorio, French conservatoire, eng. Conservatory, majeremusi. Konservatorium, kuchokera ku lat. kuteteza - kuteteza

Poyamba, K. ankatchedwa mapiri ku Italy. nyumba zogona ana amasiye ndi osowa pokhala, kumene ana ankaphunzitsidwa ntchito zamanja, komanso nyimbo, makamaka kuimba (kuti aphunzitse oimba a makwaya a tchalitchi). Woyamba wa iwo ndi mu 1537 ku Naples - "Santa Maria di Loreto". M'zaka za m'ma 16 malo ena atatu anatsegulidwa ku Naples: "Pieta dei Turchini", "Dei believe di Gesu Cristo" ndi "Sant'Onofrio a Capuana". M'zaka za zana la 3 kuphunzitsa nyimbo kunatenga DOS. malo mu maphunziro a ana oleredwa. Malo ogonawo ankaphunzitsanso oimba ndi oimba. Mu 17 "Santa Maria di Loreto" ndi "Sant'Onofrio" adalumikizana, kulandira dzina. K. "Loreto a Capuana". Mu 1797, nyumba ziwiri za ana amasiye zotsala zinagwirizana naye, kupanga Mfumu. music College, kenako King. K. "San Pietro ndi Maiella".

Ku Venice, mabungwe amtunduwu. ospedale (ie, chipatala, nyumba ya ana amasiye, nyumba ya ana amasiye ya osauka, odwala). M'zaka za zana la 16 otchuka: "Della Pieta", "Dei Mendicanti", "Incurabili" ndi ospedaletto (kwa atsikana okha) "Santi Giovanni e Paolo". M'zaka za zana la 18 ntchito za mabungwewa zatsika. Yakhazikitsidwa mu 1877, Benedetto Marcello Society inatsegula nyimbo ku Venice. Lyceum, yomwe idakhala lyceum ya boma mu 1895, idafanana ndi sukulu yapamwamba mu 1916, ndipo mu 1940 idasinthidwa kukhala State Lyceum. K. ine. Benedetto Marcello.

Ku Roma mu 1566, Palestrina adayambitsa mpingo (society) wa oimba, kuchokera ku 1838 - Academy (yomwe ili m'mipingo yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo Basilica ya Santa Cecilia). Mu 1876, pa Academy "Santa Cecilia" anatsegula nyimbo. lyceum (kuyambira 1919 K. "Santa Cecilia").

M'zaka za m'ma 18. K., kumene alendo adaphunziranso, adagwira kale ntchito yaikulu mu maphunziro a oimba ndi oimba. Chifukwa cha kufunikira kwa maphunziro a Prof. oimba m'mayiko angapo Zap. Europe m'zaka za zana la 18 panali nyimbo zapadera uch. mabungwe. Pakati pa mabungwe oyambirira amtunduwu ndi Mfumu. sukulu yoimba ndi kubwerezabwereza ku Paris (yokonzedwa mu 1784 ku Royal Academy of Music; mu 1793 idalumikizana ndi sukulu ya nyimbo ya National Guard, kupanga National Music Institute, kuchokera ku 1795 Faculty of Music and Recitation). (Mu 1896, Sukulu ya Schola Cantorum inatsegulidwanso ku Paris.) Mu 1771, Mfumu inayamba kugwira ntchito ku Stockholm. Sukulu Yapamwamba ya Nyimbo (kuchokera ku 1880 Academy of Music, kuchokera ku 1940 K.)

Nyimbo zina. uwu. mabungwe monga K. amatchedwa akademi, muses. mu-tami, masukulu apamwamba a nyimbo, ma lyceums, makoleji. M'zaka za zana la 19 magulu ambiri adalengedwa: ku Bologna (mu 1804 Music Lyceum, mu 1914 adalandira udindo wa kalabu, mu 1925 adatchedwa G. B. Martini, kuyambira 1942 State K. dzina lake G. B. Martini), Berlin (mu 1804 sukulu yoimba, yokhazikitsidwa ndi C. F. Zelter, mu malo omwewo mu 1820 wapadera maphunziro bungwe anakhazikitsidwa ndi iye, kuchokera 1822 Institute kwa maphunziro a organists ndi aphunzitsi sukulu nyimbo, kuchokera 1875 Royal Institute of Church Music , kuchokera 1922 State Academy of Church ndi School Music, mu 1933-45 Higher School of Musical Education, yomwe idaphatikizidwa mu Higher School of Music, mumzinda womwewo mu 1850, yokhazikitsidwa ndi Y. Stern, pambuyo pake Stern Conservatory, pambuyo pa City of K. (ku West Berlin), pamalo omwewo mu 2 Higher School of Music, yokhazikitsidwa ndi J. Joachim, pamalo omwewo mu 1869 State K., pambuyo pake Sukulu Yapamwamba ya Nyimbo yotchedwa X. Eisler), Milan (mu 1950 Music School, kuyambira 1808 ndi G. Verdi C.), Florence (mu 1908 sukulu ya Academy of Arts, kuchokera ku 1811 Music Institute, kuchokera ku 1849 Music School, kuchokera ku 1851 Mfumu ya Nyimbo. mu-t, kuyambira 1860 K. iwo. L. Cherubini), Prague (1912; pamalo omwewo mu 1811 Academy of Arts, yomwe ili ndi dipatimenti ya nyimbo), Brussels (mu 1948 Musical School e, mu 1812 m'munsi mwake Korol. sukulu yoyimba, kuyambira 1823 K.), Warsaw (mu 1832, dipatimenti yanyimbo pa Drama School, mu 1814 School of Music and Dramatic Arts; pamalo omwewo mu 1816 pamaziko a luso laukadaulo ku Institute of Music and Recitation, kuyambira chaka chomwecho K., kuchokera 1821 Music Institute), Vienna (mu 1861 pa njira ya Society of Friends of Music - Singing School, ku 1817 K., kuchokera 1821 Academy of Music ndi Stage Magwiridwe . Art-va), Parkhme (mu 1908 Choir School, kuchokera ku 1818 Institute of Arts and Crafts, kuchokera ku 1821 Carmine Music School, kuchokera ku 1831 K. dzina pambuyo A. Boito), London (1888, Royal Academy of Music), The Hague (mu 1822 King's Music School, kuchokera ku 1826 K.), Liege (1908), Zagreb (mu 1827 Musikverein Society, kuchokera ku 1827 People's Land Music Institute, kenako - Croatian Music Institute). mu-t, kuchokera 1861 Music Academy, mu malo omwewo mu 1922 nyimbo sukulu, anakhazikitsidwa ndi Musikverein Society, ku 1829 ndi Music School of the Croatian Music Institute ku 1870 K., kuchokera 1916 State K.), Genoa ( mu 1921 Music Lyceum, kenako Music Lyceum wotchedwa N. Paganini), Madrid (mu 1829, kuyambira 1830 K. nyimbo ndi kubwereza), Geneva (mu 1919), Lisbon (1835, Nat. K.), Budapest (mu 1836 National K., kuchokera ku 1840 National Music School, Vpos kutsatira National K. iwo. B. Bartok; m'malo omwewo mu 1867 Academy of Music, kuyambira 1875 Higher School of Music. kuwatsutsa. F. Liszt), Rio de Janeiro (mu 1918 Mfumu ya K., kuchokera 1841 National Music Institute, mu 1890 anakhala mbali ya yunivesite, kuchokera 1931 ndi National School of Music Bras. Yunivesite; kumenekonso mu 1937 Braz. K., pamalo omwewo mu 1940 National K. Kuyimba kwakwaya, pamalo omwewo mu 1942 a Braz. Academy of Music yotchedwa O. L. Fernandis), Lucca (1945, pambuyo pake A. Boccherini), Leipzig (1842, yokhazikitsidwa ndi F. Mendelssohn, wochokera ku 1843 King K., kuchokera ku 1876 Higher School of Music, mu 1941 pansi pake - F. Mendelssohn Academy), Munich (mu 1945 Higher School of Music, kuyambira 1846 K.

Mu 2nd floor. M'zaka za zana la 19 K. network yakula kwambiri. K. adatsegulidwa ku Darmstadt (mu 1851 Music School, kuchokera ku 1922 State K.), Boston (1853), Stuttgart (1856, kuchokera ku 1896 King of K.), Dresden (mu 1856 Higher School of Music, kuchokera ku 1918 the King. K., from 1937 State K.), Bucharest (1864, later C. Porumbescu K.), Luxembourg (1864), Copenhagen (mu 1867 Royal Danish K., from 1902 Copenhagen K., from 1948 State. K.), Turin (mu 1867 Sukulu ya Nyimbo, kuchokera ku 1925 Lyceum, kuchokera ku 1935 G. Verdi Conservatory), Antwerp (1867, kuchokera ku 1898 ndi Royal Flemish K.), Basel (mu 1867 Music School, kuchokera ku 1905 Academy of Music), Baltimore ndi Chicago (1868), Montreal (1876), Frankfurt am Main (1878, Higher School of Music), Brno (1881, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ndi Brno Conversation Society, mu 1919 idaphatikizidwa ndi Organ School, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1882. ndi Yednota Society, kuyambira 1920 ndi State K.; pamalo omwewo mu 1947 Academy of Music and Dramatic Arts, kuyambira 1969 yotchedwa L. Janacek), Pesaro (mu 1882 Music Lyceum, kenako ., ndalama za G. Rossini, ali ndi dzina lake), Bogota (mu 1882 National Academy of Music, kuyambira 1910 National K.), Helsinki (mu 1882 ndi Music School, kuyambira 1924 K., kuyambira 1939 Academy iwo. Sibelius), Adelaide (mu 1883 koleji yanyimbo, kenako K.), Amsterdam (1884), Karlsruhe (mu 1884 Baden Higher School of Music, kuyambira 1929 K.), Havana (1835), Toronto (1886), Buenos Aires ( 1893), Belgrade (mu 1899 ku Serbian School of Music, kuyambira 1937 Academy of Music), ndi mizinda ina.

M'zaka za m'ma 20 K. analengedwa mu Sofia (mu 1904 payekha nyimbo sukulu, kuyambira 1912 State Musical School, kuyambira 1921 Musical Academy ndi madipatimenti sekondale ndi apamwamba, mu 1947 Sukulu Yapamwamba Musical analekanitsidwa izo, kuyambira 1954 . ), La Paz (1908), Sao Paulo (1909, K. Drama ndi Music), Melbourne (m'zaka za m'ma 1900, zochokera ku sukulu ya nyimbo, kenako K. yotchedwa N. Melba), Sydney (1914), Tehran (1918) , pophunzira nyimbo za ku Ulaya; m'malo omwewo mu 1949, National K., yomwe inakhazikitsidwa pamaziko a Higher Musical School, yomwe inatsegulidwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 30), Bratislava (mu 1919, Musical School, ndi 1926 Academy of Nyimbo ndi Sewero, kuyambira 1941 K.; m'malo omwewo, mu 1949, Higher School of Musical Arts), Cairo (mu 1925 School of Oriental Music, pamaziko a Musical Club, yomwe idayamba mu 1814, kuyambira 1929. t nyimbo zachiarabu, m'malo omwewo mu 1935 Women's Music Institute, malo omwewo mu 1944 Higher School of Music, malo omwewo mu 1959. Cairo National C., pamalo omwewo mu 1969 Academy of Arts, yomwe inagwirizanitsa mabungwe 5, kuphatikizapo K. ndi Institute of Arabic Music), Baghdad (1940, Academy of Fine Arts, yomwe ili ndi madipatimenti angapo, kuphatikizapo nyimbo. ; pamalo omwewo mu 1968, Sukulu ya Nyimbo ya Ana Amphatso) , Beirut (K. ku Ak Academy of Fine Arts), Jerusalem (1947, Academy of Music. Rubin), Pyongyang (1949), Tel Aviv (Heb. K. - "Sulamith-K."), Tokyo (1949, National University of Fine Arts and Music), Hanoi (mu 1955 zambiri, kuyambira 1962 K.), Surakarta (1960), Accra (Academy of Music with a 2-year course maphunziro), Nairobi (1944, East African K.), Algiers (National Institute of Music, yomwe ilinso ndi dipatimenti yophunzitsa), Rabat (National Committee of Music, Dance and Dramatic Arts), etc.

M'mayiko a capitalist, pamodzi ndi zolemba zachinsinsi za boma. uwu. mwachitsanzo. ku Paris - "Ecole normal" (1918). M'mayiko ena, K. ndiye akaunti yapakati. bungwe lapamwamba (mwachitsanzo, ku Czechoslovakia, pamodzi ndi masukulu ku Prague, Brno ndi Higher School of Musical Arts ku Bratislava, limagwira ntchito pafupifupi 10 K., makamaka sukulu ya nyimbo).

Nthawi yophunzira, kapangidwe kake ndi akaunti. mapulani a K., masukulu apamwamba a nyimbo, masukulu, masukulu, makoleji ndi ma lyceums sali amtundu womwewo. Mn. mwa iwo ali ndi madipatimenti aang'ono, komwe ophunzira azaka za ana amaloledwa. M’maiko ambiri, oseŵera okha, aphunzitsi a maphunziro a maseŵero, ndi opeka ndi amene amaphunzitsidwa nyimbo zachikale. Akatswiri a nyimbo (akatswiri a mbiri yakale ndi a theorists) amaphunzitsidwa nyimbo. f-max mayunivesite. Ndi kusiyana konse pakusintha kwa akaunti. ndondomeko muzolemba zonse. uwu. mabungwe amapereka makalasi mu zapaderazi, nyimbo-theoretical. nkhani ndi mbiri ya nyimbo.

Ku Russia, nyimbo zapadera uch. mabungwe adawonekera m'zaka za zana la 18. (onani maphunziro a Nyimbo). Oyamba a K. adalengedwa m'ma 60s. M'zaka za m'ma 19, mu nkhani ya kukwera kwa dziko. Chikhalidwe cha Russia ndi chitukuko cha demokalase. kuyenda. RMO idatsegula Conservatory ya St. Sukulu ya Nyimbo ndi Sewero ya Moscow Philharmonic Society (yotsegulidwa mu 1862) inalinso ndi ufulu wa K. (kuyambira 1866). Mu con. 1886 - pemphani. Zaka za zana la 1883 zidapangidwa m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana ya Russia. uch-scha, ena a iwo pambuyo pake adasinthidwa kukhala K., kuphatikiza. mu Saratov (19), Kyiv ndi Odessa (20). gawo lofunikira pakufalitsa nyimbo. Mabungwe adaseweredwa ndi malo osungira anthu anthu. Woyamba wa iwo unatsegulidwa ku Moscow (1912); K. ku St. Petersburg, Kazan, Saratov.

Ngakhale zapambana m'munda wa nyimbo. kulera anthu moona. nyimbo zazikulu. maphunziro ndi kuunikira zinatheka kokha pambuyo pa Great Oct. socialist. kusintha. Ndi lamulo la Council of People's Commissars la RSFSR la July 12, 1918, Petrograd ndi Moskovskaya K. (ndipo pambuyo pake ena) adasamutsidwa ku ulamuliro wa People's Commissariat of Education ndikufanana ndi mabungwe onse apamwamba a maphunziro. mabungwe. Kwa zaka za Soviet network network K. ndi in-comrade arts with muses. f-tami yowonjezera.

Mpaka Great Oct. socialist. Zosintha ku Russia zidaphatikizapo madipatimenti achichepere ndi akulu. Ku USSR, K. ndi maphunziro apamwamba. malo omwe anthu omwe ali ndi wamkulu wachiwiri ndi masukulu amavomerezedwa. maphunziro. K. ndi-iwe amaphunzitsa onse oimba ndi olemba nyimbo, ndi akatswiri oimba nyimbo. Maphunziro a K. ndi in-ta adapangidwa kwa zaka 5 ndipo amapereka chidziwitso chokwanira. komanso kukonzekera kothandiza kwa woyimba wa prof. ntchito. Malo abwino kwambiri pamapulani operekedwa pakuchita komanso kuphunzitsa. mchitidwe wa ophunzira. Kuwonjezera pa maphunziro apadera a nyimbo, ophunzira amaphunzira za chikhalidwe ndi ndale. sayansi, mbiri idzasonyeza. mlandu, zilankhulo zakunja. Nyimbo zapamwamba. uwu. mabungwe ali ndi inu: zongopeka ndi zopanga (zokhala ndi madipatimenti a mbiri yakale-zongopeka ndi zopeka), piyano, okhestra, mawu, ochititsa kwaya, nar. zida; mu angapo K. komanso - mphamvu ya zisudzo ndi symphony. makokondakita. Pansi ambiri a K. madzulo ndi m'madipatimenti makalata ndi bungwe.

M'magulu akuluakulu a uch. maphunziro apamwamba (ofufuza ophunzitsa pankhani ya nthano ndi mbiri ya nyimbo) ndi othandizira (maphunziro a ochita masewera, olemba, ndi aphunzitsi) apangidwa m'mabungwe. Mn. K. ndi-muli ndi zapadera. sukulu zazaka khumi zomwe zimaphunzitsa makadi a nyimbo zapamwamba. uwu. mabungwe (mwachitsanzo, Central Secondary Special Music School ku Moscow K., Moscow Gnessin Secondary Music School, Zaka khumi Sukulu ku Leningrad K., etc.).

Apamwamba muses ntchito mu USSR. uwu. mabungwe: ku Alma-Ata (mu 1944 K., kuyambira 1963 Kazakh. Institute, kuyambira 1973 K. dzina la Kurmangazy), Astrakhan (mu 1969, Astrakhan K., adachokera pasukulu ya nyimbo), Baku ( mu 1901 makalasi a nyimbo a RMO, kuyambira 1916, sukulu ya nyimbo ya RMO, kuyambira 1920. Kazakhstan, kuyambira 1921 Chikhalidwe cha Azerbaijan, kuyambira 1948 Chikhalidwe cha Azerbaijani chotchedwa U. Gadzhibekov), Vilnius (mu 1945 Vilniusskaya Culture, mu 1949 ophatikizidwa ndi Kaunas K., amene analengedwa mu 1933, amatchedwa K. Lithuanian SSR), Gorky (1946, Gorkovskaya K. dzina lake M. I. Glinka), Donetsk (1968, Donetsk music-pedagogical Institute, analengedwa pamaziko a Donetsk nthambi ya Asilavo Pedagogical Institute), Yerevan (mu 1921 situdiyo nyimbo, 1923 K., kuchokera 1946 Yerevan K. dzina lake Komitas), Kazan (1945, Kazanskaya K.), Kiev (mu 1868 Music School, kuyambira 1883 ndi Music School of the RMO, kuyambira 1913 K., kuyambira 1923 ndi Music College; m'malo omwewo mu 1904 Drama School, kuyambira 1918 Higher Music Drama Institute yotchedwa N. V. Lysenko; Chisinau (1934, K., sanagwire ntchito mu 1940-1940, kuyambira 1941 Chisinau Institute of Arts yotchedwa G. Muzichesku), Leningrad (45, pamaziko a makalasi nyimbo RMO, umene unayamba mu 1963), kuyambira 1862 Leningrad K. iwo. N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov), Lvov (mu 1859, Sukulu ya Nyimbo ku Union of Singing and Music Society, kuchokera ku 1944 ndi N. V. Lysenko Music Institute, kuchokera ku 1903 Higher Music Institute - yomwe idatchedwa N. V. Lysenko, kuyambira 1904 Lvov Musical College dzina lake N. V. Lysenko), Minsk (mu 1907 Minsk Musical College, kuyambira 1939 Minsk, yomwe tsopano ndi Belarusian Musical College yotchedwa A. V. Lunacharsky), Moscow (1924, pamaziko a makalasi nyimbo RMO, umene unayamba mu 1932, kuyambira 1866 Moscow K. dzina pambuyo P. I. Tchaikovsky; m'malo omwewo mu 1860 Gnessin Sisters Music School, kuyambira 1940 Second Moscow State School, kuyambira 1895 State Musical luso sukulu, kuyambira 1919 Gnessin Musical College, pamaziko amene Gnesin Musical Pedagogical Institute unakhazikitsidwa mu 1920). , Novosibirsk (1925, Novosibirsk M. I. Glinka K.), Odessa (mu 1944 Music School, kenako Music School of the RMO, kuchokera 1956 K., kuchokera 1871 Music Institute, mu 1913-1923 dzina lake L. Beethoven, kuchokera 1927 K., kuchokera 1934 Odessa K. dzina pambuyo A. V. Nezhdanovo d), Riga (1939, tsopano K. iwo. Inde. Vitola wa Latvia SSR), Rostov-on-Don (Music and Pedagogical Institute), Saratov (mu 1950, Musical School of the RMO, kuyambira 1919 K., mu 1895-1912 Musical College, kuyambira 1924 Saratov K. dzina lake L. V. Sobinov), Sverdlovsk (35, kuyambira 1935 dzina lake M. P. Mussorgsky, kuyambira 1934 Uralsky K. dzina lake M. P. Mussorgsky), Tallinn (mu 1939, pamaziko a Tallinn Higher Musical Institute). Sukulu, kuyambira 1946 Tallinskaya K.), Tashkent (mu 1919 Higher Musical School, kuyambira 1923 Tashkentskaya K.), Tbilisi (mu 1934 Musical School, kuyambira 1936 sukulu zoyimba, kuyambira 1874 K., kuyambira 1886 Tbilisi K. dzina pambuyo V. Sarajishvili), Frunze (1917, Kirghiz Institute of Art), Kharkov (mu 1947 Music School, kenako Music School of the RMO, 1967 K., mu 1871-1917 Music Academy , mu 1920 Music Institute, mu 23-1924 Music Institute. Sewero, mu 1924-29 Music Theatre Institute, mu 1930 ndipo kuyambira 36 K., mu 1936 pamaziko a K. ndi Kharkov Institute of Arts inakhazikitsidwa ndi Kharkov Institute of Arts).

Kuyambira 1953, Intern. congresses of directors of K. Kuyambira 1956, Association of European Academy, K. ndi masukulu apamwamba a nyimbo.

AA Nikolaev