Diatonic |

kuchokera ku Greek dia - kudzera, pamodzi ndi tonos - kamvekedwe (kamvekedwe chonse), zilembo - kupita motsatira malankhulidwe

Dongosolo la mawu asanu ndi awiri, zomveka zonse zomwe zitha kukonzedwa mwachisanu. Izi, mwachitsanzo, ndikutsatizana kwa magawo mu Chigriki china. tetrachord ya diatonic: e1 - d1 - c1 - h (matani awiri athunthu ndi semitone), mosiyana ndi ndondomeko ya chromatic intervals. tetrachord e1 - des1 - c 1 - h (palibe matani athunthu). Diatonic ndi nthawi ndi zoimbidwa zomwe zitha kupezeka mkati mwa unyolo wa magawo asanu ndi limodzi mwa asanu (chitsanzo chaperekedwa mu kiyi ya C-dur):

(nthawi zina tritone ngati chosiyana chachinayi kapena chachisanu choyera sichimatengedwa ngati diatonic, koma ngati nthawi ya chromatic).

Pali mgwirizano wolimba pakati pa kuchuluka kwa magawo amtundu womwewo ndi kuchuluka kwa masitepe asanu (Q) omwe amapanga nthawiyi mu D. pakati pa chiwerengero cha phokoso mu dongosolo ndi chiwerengero cha masitepe asanu:

h. chiyambi, h. octave (0Q) amapezeka nthawi 7 (7-0), h. chachisanu, h. quart (1Q) amapezeka ka 6 (7-1), b. chachiwiri, m. yachisanu ndi chiwiri (2Q) imapezeka kasanu (5-7), b. chachisanu, m. chachitatu (2Q) chimapezeka kanayi (3-4), b. chachitatu, m. chachisanu ndi chimodzi (7Q) chimapezeka katatu (3-4), b. chachisanu ndi chiwiri, m. yachiwiri (3Q) imapezeka nthawi 7 (4-5), tritone (2Q) imapezeka 7 nthawi (5-6).

Ma intervals amaonedwanso kuti ndi diatonic muzochitikazo pamene amapangidwa ndi masitepe osinthika (mwachitsanzo, as-b ndi liwu la diatonic lonse, kunja kwa nkhani komanso mfungulo, mwachitsanzo, mu C-dur). Zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito ku ma chords (mwachitsanzo, ges-b-des mu C-dur ndi diatonic chord pa sikelo ya diatonic). Choncho, GL Catoire amasiyanitsa chromatic chord. kwenikweni (mwachitsanzo, d-fis-as-c) ndi chromatic. ndi udindo (mwachitsanzo, des-f-as mu C-dur). Mitundu yambiri yakale yachi Greek ndi diatonic, komanso mitundu yakale komanso mitundu ina yachilengedwe, kuphatikiza mitundu yofala kwambiri ya Ionian (natural major) ndi Aeolian (zachilengedwe zazing'ono):

M'lingaliro lonse, otchedwa. modes diatonic modes, variable diatonic modes, machitidwe ndi masikelo (onani mode). Mu ena mwa mitundu iyi, pamodzi ndi matani ndi semitones, kukulitsa kumalowanso. chachiwiri.

Anhemitonic pentatonic (malinga ndi mawu a Catoire, "protodiatonic") ndi Middle Ages. ma hexachords angatanthauzidwe ngati ma diatonic osakwanira. machitidwe.

Nthawi zina machitidwe a 12-sound (12-step) amatchedwa diatonic, sitepe iliyonse yomwe imatengedwa ngati yodziimira. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, tanthauzo lina limayikidwa mu lingaliro la D.: D. monga gulu la maziko. masitepe (AS Ogolevets, MM Skorik).

M’Chigiriki china. D. nyimbo inali imodzi mwa mitundu itatu ya modal ("genera"), pamodzi ndi chromaticity, yomwe inagwiritsa ntchito masekondi awiri ang'onoang'ono motsatizana, komanso kuwonjezeka. chachiwiri, ndi anharmonics, zenizeni zomwe zinali zosachepera semitone. Muchi Greek ichi nyimbo ndizofanana ndi zikhalidwe zina zakale za monophonic, makamaka za Near East ndi Mediterranean.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya D. imapanga maziko a Western Europe. ndi luso la nyimbo zachi Russia, komanso prof. Nyimbo za ku Ulaya (nyimbo za Gregorian), makamaka pambuyo povomerezedwa ndi polyphony monga mtundu waukulu wa nyimbo. ulaliki. harmonic kugwirizana kwa mawu kumachitika makamaka mothandizidwa ndi kugwirizana kwa ma consonances osavuta - gawo lachisanu ndi lachinayi, ndipo mgwirizano wachinayi wa mawu umathandizira kuwonetsera kwa diatonic. maubale.

Dongosolo la ma hexachords, lofalikira kuyambira nthawi ya Guido d'Arezzo (onani Solmization), linakhazikitsidwa mkati mwa dongosolo la diatonic. kusinthika kwa modal system (makamaka pakusintha

-mole ndi

-durum, ie b ndi h). Kusiyanasiyana kwa ma modal ndi mawonekedwe a Russian. nyimbo za mpingo (h pansipa ndi b pamwamba, onani "sikelo ya tsiku ndi tsiku" mu chitsanzo pamwambapa). Zogwirizana ndi izi ndikuchita kulemba mawu ndi dec. zilembo zazikulu, mwachitsanzo. wopanda zizindikiro m’mawu apamwamba, ndi chophwanthira chimodzi m’munsi.

G. de Macho. Ballad 1. Ci comencent les balades ou il ha chant, mipiringidzo 1-3.

Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa ulamuliro wa "harmonic. tonality”—zazikulu ndi zazing’ono (kuyambira m’zaka za zana la 17), mtundu watsopano wa zida zoimbira, zozikidwa pa func. dongosolo la atatu akuluakulu atatu - tonics, dominants ndi subdominants, olumikizidwa ndi ubale wamphamvu wachisanu. Kuchepetsa centralization ya mode kutengera func. mogwirizana kumabweretsa mapangidwe latsopano chord-harmonic. Kulumikizana kwa ma toni amachitidwe (mwachitsanzo, mu C-dur, toni d imalumikizidwa ndi prima ya tonic kudzera mu liwu lalikulu la g, toni e - ya tonic triad, f - ngati kamvekedwe kakang'ono. of the subdominant, etc.), zomwe zimazindikirika motsatizana ndi nyimbo (zotsimikiziridwa ndi JF Rameau). Non-diatonic Elements ndi chromatics amapangidwa pamaziko a D. onse melodically ndi chordally-harmonically ndi kusintha, kusanganikirana diatonic zida zosiyana. zinthu motsatizana komanso munthawi imodzi (polydiatonic).

Pa 19 - pemphani. M’zaka za zana la 20, mbali imodzi, D. wakale anatsitsimutsidwa ndipo D. Nar. nyumba yosungiramo katundu komanso pafupi ndi izo (mu F. Chopin, F. Liszt, E. Grieg, K. Debussy, makamaka mu oimba a ku Russia - MI Glinka, MA Balakirev, NA Rimsky-Korsakov, MP Mussorgsky ndi ena).

Kumbali inayi, pali kusintha kwa chromaticity monga maziko a kutalika kwake. Chiyambi cha ndondomekoyi chinayikidwa ndi "Tristan" ndi R. Wagner. Kusintha kwathunthu ku kuchuluka kwa chromatic. olemba a m'zaka za zana la 20, makamaka oimira sukulu yatsopano ya Viennese.

AK Lyadov. Nyimbo zisanu ndi zitatu za anthu aku Russia. III. Chingwe.

Mu nyimbo za zaka za zana la 20 mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya D. imagwiritsidwa ntchito: D. nar. nyumba yosungiramo zinthu, pafupi ndi classic. zazikulu ndi zazing'ono; D. mu kuwonongeka. zosintha, polylady, polydiatonic. kuphatikiza (IF Stravinsky, SV Rachmaninov, SS Prokofiev, DD Shostakovich, B. Bartok). Nthawi zambiri D. amakhalabe ngati maziko, mochuluka kapena mocheperapo ataphimbidwa (SS Prokofiev, DD Shostakovich, P. Hindemith), kapena akuwoneka ngati chinthu chofunikira cha non-diatonic. mapangidwe (magawo a diatonic amalembedwa m'makolo):

SS Prokofiev “Kukwatilana m’nyumba ya amonke” (“Duenna”). Chithunzi cha 2, mapeto.

Zothandizira: Serov AN, Russian wowerengeka nyimbo monga phunziro la sayansi, "Musical Nyengo", 1869/70, No 18, 1870/71, No 6 ndi 13; Petr VI, Pa nyimbo, mapangidwe ndi mitundu mu nyimbo zakale zachi Greek, K., 1901; Catuar GL, Theoretical course of harmony, gawo 1, M., 1924; Tyulin Yu. N., Kuphunzitsa za kumvana, gawo 1, L., 1937, 1966; zake, Njira Zachilengedwe ndi Zosintha, M., 1971; Ogolevets AS, Zofunika za chinenero cha harmonic, M.-L., 1941; Kastalsky AD, Zofunika za anthu polyphony, M.-L., 1948; Sposobin IV, Elementary theory of music, M., 1951, 1958; Kushnarev XS, Mafunso a Mbiri ndi chiphunzitso cha nyimbo za Armenian monodic, L., 1958; Berkov VO, Harmony, gawo 1, M., 1962; 1970; Skorik MM, Prokofiev ndi Schoenberg, "SM", 1962, No 1; Karklin LA, Gwirizanitsani zochitika zothandiza, "SM", 1965, No 7; Sohor AH, Pa Chilengedwe ndi Zotheka Zowonekera za Diatonicism, mu: Questions of Theory and Aesthetics of Music, vol. 4, L.-M., 1965; Sposobin IV, Nkhani za mgwirizano, M., 1969; Kotlyarevsky IA, Diatonics ndi Chromatics monga Gulu la Musical Myslennia, Kipv, 1971; Bochkareva O., Pamitundu ina ya diatonic mu nyimbo zamakono, mu: Music and Modernity, vol. 7, M., 1971; Sigitov S., Bela Bartok's modal system of the late time of creativity, in collections: Mavuto a mode, M., 1972.

Yu. H. Kholopov