Mbiri ya chitukuko cha batani la accordion

Bayan kwenikweni ndi chida champhepo cha bango, koma nthawi yomweyo ndi chida choimbira cha kiyibodi. Ndilo "laling'ono" ndipo limasinthasintha nthawi zonse. Kuyambira kulengedwa kwake mpaka lero, batani la accordion lakhala likusintha ndikusintha zambiri.

Mfundo yopangira phokoso, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chida, yadziwika kwa zaka zoposa zikwi zitatu. Lilime lachitsulo lomwe likugwedezeka mumtsinje wa mpweya linagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zida zoimbira za Chitchaina, Chijapani ndi Lao. Makamaka, njira iyi yotulutsira mawu a nyimbo idagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chida chachi China - sheng.

Mbiri ya accordion ya batani idayamba kuyambira pomwe kwa nthawi yoyamba lilime lachitsulo lomwe limatulutsa phokoso linakakamizika kugwedezeka kuchokera kumlengalenga osati m'mapapo a woimba, koma kuchokera ku ubweya wapadera. (zofanana ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga blacksmithing). Mfundo imeneyi ya kubadwa kwa phokoso inapanga maziko a chipangizo cha chida choimbira.

Ndani anatulukira batani la accordion?

Ndani anatulukira batani la accordion? Ambuye ambiri aluso adatenga nawo gawo popanga batani la accordion momwe timadziwira. Koma poyambira panali ambuye awiri omwe amagwira ntchito mopanda wina ndi mnzake: woyimba zida za ku Germany Friedrich Buschmann ndi mbuye waku Czech František Kirchner.

Kirchner kumbuyo mu 1787 anapereka lingaliro la kupanga chida choimbira, chomwe chinali chozikidwa pa mfundo ya oscillatory kayendedwe ka mbale zitsulo mu ndime ya mpweya wokakamizidwa ntchito yapadera ubweya chipinda. Anapanganso ma prototypes oyambirira.

Koma Bushman ankagwiritsa ntchito lilime lozungulira ngati foloko yoyitanira ziwalozo. Ankangotulutsa mawu omveka bwino ndi mapapu ake, zomwe zinali zovuta kwambiri kuzigwiritsira ntchito. Pofuna kuwongolera, Bushman adapanga makina omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mavuvu apadera okhala ndi katundu.

Makinawo atatsegulidwa, katunduyo adadzuka ndikufinya chipinda cha ubweya ndi kulemera kwake, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti mpweya woponderezedwa ugwedezere lilime lachitsulo lomwe lili mubokosi lapadera la resonator kwa nthawi yayitali. Pambuyo pake, Bushman anawonjezera mawu ku mapangidwe ake, omwe amatchedwa mosinthana. Anagwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi pofuna kungokonza chiwalocho.

Mu 1829, wopanga zida za Viennese Cyril Demian adatengera lingaliro lopanga chida choimbira ndi mabango ndi chipinda chaubweya. Anapanga chida choimbira chotengera makina a Bushman, omwe anali ndi makiyibodi awiri odziyimira pawokha ndi ubweya pakati pawo. Pa makiyi asanu ndi awiri a kiyibodi yakumanja, mutha kuyimba nyimbo, ndipo pamakiyi akumanzere - mabasi. Demian adatcha chida chake kuti accordion, adalemba chivomerezo chazopangazo, ndipo mchaka chomwecho adayamba kupanga ndi kugulitsa.

Accordion woyamba ku Russia

Pa nthawi yomweyi, chida chofananacho chinawonekera ku Russia. M'chaka cha 1830, Ivan Sizov, katswiri wa zida zankhondo m'chigawo cha Tula, adapeza chida chachilendo pawonetsero - accordion. Atabwerera kunyumba, anachidula n’kuona kuti ntchito yomanga harmonica inali yosavuta kwambiri. Kenako adapanga chida chofananacho yekha ndikuchitcha kuti accordion.

Monga Demian, Ivan Sizov sanalekere kupanga buku limodzi la chida, ndipo zaka zingapo pambuyo pake kupanga fakitale ya accordion kunayambika ku Tula. Kuphatikiza apo, kupanga ndi kukonza chidacho kwapeza munthu wotchuka kwambiri. Tula wakhala akutchuka chifukwa cha amisiri ake, ndipo Tula accordion akadali ngati muyezo wa khalidwe lero.

Kodi batani la accordion lidawoneka liti?

"Chabwino, batani la accordion lili kuti?" - mumafunsa. Ma accordion oyambirira ndi omwe amatsogolera mwachindunji batani la accordion. Chofunikira chachikulu cha accordion ndikuti imasinthidwa mwachisawawa ndipo imatha kusewera mu kiyi imodzi yayikulu kapena yaying'ono. Izi ndizokwanira kukonza zikondwerero za anthu, maukwati ndi zosangalatsa zina.

Mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la XNUMX, accordion idakhalabe chida chachikhalidwe cha anthu. Popeza sichinakhale chovuta kwambiri pakupanga, pamodzi ndi zitsanzo za fakitale ya accordion, amisiri payekha adapanganso.

Mu September 1907, katswiri wodziwa bwino ku St. Sterligov adatcha accordion wake kuti accordion, kulemekeza Boyan, wodziwika bwino woimba-wolemba nyimbo wa ku Russia wakale.

Zinali kuyambira 1907 kuti mbiri ya chitukuko cha accordion yamakono batani inayamba mu Russia. Chidachi chimakhala chosunthika kwambiri kotero kuti chimalola woyimba kuyimba nyimbo zamtundu uliwonse komanso makonzedwe ake, komanso ma accordion a nyimbo zakale.

Pakadali pano, akatswiri olemba nyimbo amalemba nyimbo zoyambirira za bayan, ndipo osewera accordion sakhala otsika kwa oimba aukadaulo wina malinga ndi kuchuluka kwaukadaulo mu chidacho. M’zaka XNUMX zokha, sukulu yoyambirira yoimbira zidazo inakhazikitsidwa.

Nthawi yonseyi, batani la accordion, ngati accordion, limakondedwabe ndi anthu: ukwati wosowa kapena chikondwerero china, makamaka kumidzi, umachita popanda chida ichi. Choncho, batani accordion moyenerera analandira mutu wa Russian wowerengeka chida.

Imodzi mwa ntchito zodziwika bwino za accordion ndi "Ferapontov Monastery" ndi Vl. Zolotarev. Tikukupemphani kuti mumvetsere zomwe Sergei Naiko anachita. Nyimboyi ndi yovuta, koma yopatsa moyo kwambiri.

Wolemba ndi Dmitry Bayanov