Zakhary Petrovych Paliashvili (Zachary Paliashvili) |

Zachary Paliashvili

Zakhary Paliashvili anali woyamba mu nyimbo zaluso kuti atsegule zinsinsi za mphamvu zanyimbo za anthu aku Georgia zaka mazana ambiri ndi mphamvu zodabwitsa ndikubwezera mphamvu izi kwa anthu… A. Tsulukidze

Z. Paliashvili amatchedwa gulu lalikulu la nyimbo za Chijojiya, poyerekeza kufunika kwake kwa chikhalidwe cha Chijojiya ndi udindo wa M. Glinka mu nyimbo za ku Russia. Ntchito zake zikuphatikizapo mzimu wa anthu a ku Georgia, odzazidwa ndi chikondi cha moyo ndi chikhumbo chofuna ufulu. Paliashvili adayala maziko a chilankhulo cha dziko, kuphatikiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyimbo za anthu wamba (Gurian, Megrelian, Imeretian, Svan, Kartalino-Kakhetian), nthano zamatawuni ndi njira zaluso za nyimbo yachi Georgian choral ndi njira zoyimbira. Nyimbo zaku Western Europe ndi Russia. Chopindulitsa kwambiri kwa Paliashvili chinali kutengera miyambo yolemera kwambiri ya oimba a The Mighty Handful. Pokhala pachiyambi cha nyimbo zaluso zaku Georgia, ntchito ya Paliashvili imapereka ulalo wolunjika komanso wamoyo pakati pawo ndi luso lanyimbo la Soviet la Georgia.

Paliashvili anabadwira ku Kutaisi m'banja lakwaya ya tchalitchi, 6 mwa ana 18 omwe adakhala akatswiri oimba. Kuyambira ali mwana, Zachary ankaimba kwaya, ankaimba harmonium pa misonkhano ya tchalitchi. Mphunzitsi wake woyamba wa nyimbo anali woimba wa Kutaisi F. Mizandari, ndipo banja litasamukira ku Tiflis mu 1887, mchimwene wake wamkulu Ivan, yemwe pambuyo pake anali wotsogolera wotchuka, adaphunzira naye. Moyo wanyimbo wa Tiflis unapitirira kwambiri zaka zimenezo. Nthambi ya Tiflis ya RMO ndi sukulu yanyimbo mu 1882-93. motsogoleredwa ndi M. Ippolitov-Ivanov, P. Tchaikovsky ndi oimba ena a ku Russia nthawi zambiri ankabwera ndi zoimbaimba. Ntchito yosangalatsa ya konsati idachitika ndi kwaya yaku Georgia, yokonzedwa ndi wokonda nyimbo zaku Georgia L. Agniashvili. Zinali m'zaka izi kuti mapangidwe National School of Composers.

Oimira ake owala kwambiri - oimba achichepere M. Balanchivadze, N. Sulkhanishvili, D. Arakishvili, Z. Paliashvili amayamba ntchito yawo ndi kuphunzira nyimbo zoimba nyimbo. Paliashvili adapita kumadera akutali kwambiri komanso ovuta kufika ku Georgia, akujambula pafupifupi. 300 nyimbo za anthu. Zotsatira za ntchito imeneyi kenako lofalitsidwa (1910) Kutolere 40 nyimbo Chijojiya wowerengeka mu harmonization wowerengeka.

Paliashvili adalandira maphunziro ake aukadaulo ku Tiflis Musical College (1895-99) m'kalasi ya lipenga ndi nthano ya nyimbo, kenako ku Moscow Conservatory pansi pa S. Taneyev. Ali ku Moscow, anakonza kwaya ya ana asukulu a ku Georgia omwe ankaimba nyimbo zamtundu wa anthu m’makonsati.

Atabwerera ku Tiflis, Paliashvili anayambitsa ntchito yamkuntho. Anaphunzitsa pasukulu ya nyimbo, m’bwalo lochitirako maseŵera olimbitsa thupi, kumene anapanga kwaya ndi zingwe zoimbira za ana asukulu. Mu 1905, iye anatenga gawo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Chijojiya Philharmonic Society, anali mkulu wa sukulu ya nyimbo pa gulu (1908-17), anachita zisudzo ndi oimba European anachita kwa nthawi yoyamba mu Chijojiya. Ntchito yaikulu imeneyi inapitirizabe pambuyo pa kusinthaku. Paliashvili anali pulofesa ndi mkulu wa Tbilisi Conservatory zaka zosiyanasiyana (1919, 1923, 1929-32).

Mu 1910, Paliashvili anayamba ntchito pa opera woyamba Abisalom ndi Eteri, woyamba amene February 21, 1919 anakhala chochitika chofunika dziko. Maziko a libretto, opangidwa ndi mphunzitsi wotchuka wa Chijojiya komanso wodziwika bwino wa anthu P. Mirianashvili, anali katswiri wa nthano za Chijojiya, Eteriani epic, ndakatulo youziridwa ya chikondi choyera ndi chopambana. (Zojambula za ku Georgia zamukonda mobwerezabwereza, makamaka wolemba ndakatulo wamkulu wa dziko V. Pshavela.) Chikondi ndi mutu wamuyaya ndi wokongola! Paliashvili akuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa sewero lamphamvu, kutenga nyimbo zakwaya za Kartalo-Kakhetian ndi nyimbo za Svan monga maziko a nyimbo zake. Zithunzi zokulirapo zakwaya zimapanga mamangidwe a monolithic, oyambitsa mayanjano ndi zipilala zazikulu zamamangidwe akale aku Georgia, komanso zowonera zamwambo zimakumbutsa miyambo ya zikondwerero zakale za dziko. Chijojiya melos simalowa mu nyimbo zokha, kupanga mtundu wapadera, komanso zimatengera ntchito zazikulu mu opera.

Pa December 19, 1923, ku Tbilisi kunachitikira sewero loyamba la nyimbo yachiwiri ya Paliashvili yotchedwa Daisi (Twilight, lib. yolembedwa ndi wolemba maseŵero wa ku Georgia V. Gunia). Ntchitoyi inachitika m'zaka za m'ma 1927. m'nthawi ya kulimbana ndi Lezgins ndipo lili, pamodzi ndi kutsogolera mzere wanyimbo chikondi, wowerengeka ngwazi-kukonda dziko misa misa. Opera ikuchitika ngati mndandanda wanyimbo, zochititsa chidwi, zamphamvu, zatsiku ndi tsiku, zomwe zimakopa chidwi ndi kukongola kwa nyimbo, mwachilengedwe kuphatikiza magawo osiyanasiyana a nthano za anthu wamba aku Georgia komanso zamatauni. Paliashvili anamaliza opera yake yachitatu ndi yotsiriza Latavra pa chiwembu chaukali-chokonda dziko lochokera pa sewero la S. Shanshiashvili mu 10. Choncho, opera inali pakatikati pa zokonda za kulenga kwa wolembayo, ngakhale Paliashvili analemba nyimbo zamitundu ina. Iye ndi mlembi wa angapo achikondi, ntchito kwaya, amene ndi cantata "Ku 1928 Chikumbutso cha Mphamvu Soviet". Ngakhale pamaphunziro ake ku Conservatory, adalemba ma preludes angapo, sonatas, ndipo mu XNUMX, kutengera nthano zaku Georgia, adapanga "Georgian Suite" ya oimba. Ndipo komabe munali mu opera kuti kufufuza zofunika kwambiri zaluso kunachitika, miyambo ya nyimbo za dziko inakhazikitsidwa.

Paliashvili anaikidwa m'munda wa Tbilisi Opera House, wotchedwa ndi dzina lake. Mwa ichi, anthu a ku Georgia anasonyeza ulemu wawo wozama pa zapamwamba za luso la dziko la opera.

O. Averyanova