Zing'onozing'ono: Zing'onozing'ono ndi Makiyi Ofanana (Phunziro 8)

Zinachitika kuti nyimbo zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri zinalembedwa m'makiyi ang'onoang'ono. Amakhulupirira kuti sikelo yayikulu ikumveka mokondwera, ndipo yaying'ono - yachisoni. Zikatero, konzani mpango: phunziro lonseli lidzaperekedwa ku "zomvetsa chisoni" zazing'ono. Mmenemo muphunzira - makiyi amtundu wanji, momwe amasiyanirana ndi makiyi akuluakulu komanso momwe angasewere mamba ang'onoang'ono.

Ndi chikhalidwe cha nyimbo, ndikuganiza kuti mudzasiyanitsa mosakayika pakati pa wamkulu wansangala, wamphamvu ndi wodekha, nthawi zambiri wachisoni, wodandaula, ndipo nthawi zina womvetsa chisoni. Kumbukirani nyimbo za Mendelssohn's "Wedding March" ndi Chopin's "Funeral March", ndipo kusiyana pakati pa zazikulu ndi zazing'ono zidzakhala zoonekeratu kwa inu.

Ndikukhulupirira kuti simunasiye kusewera masikelo? Ndikukumbutsani kufunika kwa ntchito zooneka ngati zotopetsa. Tangoganizani kuti mwasiya kusuntha ndikuyika nkhawa pathupi lanu, zotsatira zake zidzakhala zotani? Thupi lidzakhala losalala, lofooka, lolimba m'malo :-). Momwemonso ndi zala zanu: ngati simuwaphunzitsa tsiku ndi tsiku, adzakhala ofooka komanso osokonezeka, ndipo sangathe kusewera zidutswa zomwe mumakonda kwambiri. Mpaka pano, mwasewera masikelo akulu okha.

Mamba ang'onoang'ono

Ndiroleni ndikuuzeni nthawi yomweyo: masikelo ang'onoang'ono si ang'onoang'ono (ndipo osafunikira) kuposa masikelo akulu. Kungoti anapatsidwa dzina losayenera.

Mofanana ndi masikelo akuluakulu, mamba ang'onoang'ono amakhala ndi manotsi asanu ndi atatu, oyamba ndi otsiriza omwe ali ndi dzina lomwelo. Koma dongosolo la intervals mwa iwo ndi osiyana. Kuphatikizika kwa ma toni ndi ma semitone mu sikelo yaying'ono kuli motere:

Toni - Semitone - Kamvekedwe - Kamvekedwe - Semitone - Kamvekedwe - kamvekedwe

Ndiroleni ndikukumbutseni kuti chachikulu ndi: Kamvekedwe - Kamvekedwe - Semitone - Kamvekedwe - Kamvekedwe - Kamvekedwe - Semitone

Zitha kuwoneka ngati kuphatikiza kwapakati pamlingo waukulu, koma kwenikweni, ma toni ndi semitones ali mu dongosolo losiyana apa. Njira yabwino yomverera kusiyana kwa sonic ndikusewera ndikumvetsera masikelo akulu ndi ang'onoang'ono imodzi pambuyo pa inzake.

Monga momwe mwawonera, kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa njira zazikulu ndi zazing'ono zili mu gawo lachitatu, lotchedwa. imamira mu lachitatu: mu kiyi yaing'ono, imatsitsidwa, ndikupanga kagawo kakang'ono kachitatu (mZ) ndi tonic.

Kusiyanitsa kwina ndikuti mumayendedwe akulu mawonekedwe apakati amakhala nthawi zonse, pomwe mumayendedwe ang'onoang'ono amatha kusintha pamasitepe apamwamba, omwe amapanga mitundu itatu yosiyana yaing'ono. Mwinamwake ndi ndendende kuchokera ku mbali zambiri za makiyi ang'onoang'ono kuti ntchito zanzeru zimapezedwa?

Ndiye, kodi mitundu yosiyanasiyana iyi ndi iti, mukufunsa?

Pali mitundu itatu yaing'ono:

1. achilengedwe
2. zachuma
3. nyimbo.

Mtundu uliwonse wa zazing'ono amadziwika ndi zikuchokera yake ya intervals. Kufikira gawo lachisanu mwa atatu onse ali ofanana, ndipo pachisanu ndi chimodzi ndi chachisanu ndi chiwiri pali zosiyana.

zachilengedwe zazing'ono — Kamvekedwe — Kamvekedwe — Kamvekedwe — Kamvekedwe — Kamvekedwe — Kamvekedwe — Kamvekedwe

harmonic wamng'ono amasiyana ndi chilengedwe ndi sitepe yokwezeka yachisanu ndi chiwiri: imakwezedwa ndi theka la toni, imasunthidwa pafupi ndi tonic. Nthawi yapakati pa masitepe achisanu ndi chimodzi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri motero imakhala yokulirapo - tsopano ndi toni imodzi ndi theka (yotchedwa yachiwiri yowonjezera - uv.2), yomwe imapereka sikelo, makamaka mukuyenda pansi, mtundu wa "kummawa" phokoso.

M'mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono a harmonic, mawonekedwe a intervals ali motere: Toni - Semitone - Tone - Tone - Semitone - Imodzi ndi theka - Semitone

Mtundu wina waung'ono - melodic wamng'ono, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti jazz yaying'ono (imapezeka munyimbo zambiri za jazi). Inde, ngakhale kale kwambiri nyimbo za jazi zisanayambike, olemba nyimbo monga Bach ndi Mozart anagwiritsa ntchito mtundu uwu waung'ono monga maziko a ntchito zawo.

Onse mu jazi ndi nyimbo zachikale (komanso mu masitayelo ena), melodic yaying'ono imasiyana chifukwa ili ndi masitepe awiri omwe adakwezedwa - yachisanu ndi chimodzi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri. Zotsatira zake, dongosolo la magawo mu sikelo yaying'ono ya melodic limakhala:

Mamvekedwe - Semitone - Kamvekedwe - kamvekedwe - kamvekedwe - kamvekedwe - kamvekedwe.

Ndimakonda kutcha sikelo iyi ngati sikelo yokhazikika, chifukwa siyingasankhe kuti ikhale yayikulu kapena yaying'ono. Yang'ananinso dongosolo la magawo ake. Zindikirani kuti magawo anayi oyambirira m'menemo ndi ofanana ndi ang'onoang'ono, ndipo otsiriza ali ofanana ndi muyeso yayikulu.

Tsopano tiyeni tikhudze funso la momwe tingadziwire kuchuluka kwa zizindikiro zazikulu muchinsinsi china chaching'ono.

Mafungulo ofananira

Ndipo apa pakubwera lingaliro makiyi ofanana.

Makiyi akuluakulu ndi ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi zizindikiro zofanana (kapena opanda iwo, monga momwe zilili ndi C yaikulu ndi A yaying'ono) amatchedwa kufanana.

Nthawi zonse amalekanitsidwa ndi wina ndi mzake ndi gawo laling'ono lachitatu - wamng'ono adzamangidwa nthawi zonse pa sitepe yachisanu ndi chimodzi ya sikelo yaikulu.

Ma tonics a makiyi ofanana ndi osiyana, mapangidwe a nthawiyi ndi osiyana, koma chiŵerengero cha makiyi oyera ndi akuda ndi ofanana nthawi zonse. Izi zikutsimikiziranso kuti nyimbo ndi gawo la malamulo okhwima a masamu, ndipo, atawamvetsa, munthu akhoza kuyenda momasuka komanso momasuka.

Kumvetsetsa mgwirizano wa makiyi ofanana sikovuta kwambiri: sewerani C lalikulu sikelo, ndiyeno, koma osati kuchokera pa sitepe yoyamba, koma yachisanu ndi chimodzi, ndikuyima pachisanu ndi chimodzi pamwamba - simunasewere china chilichonse kuposa "chilengedwe. yaying'ono" mu kiyi ya A yaying'ono.

Pamaso panu mndandanda wa makiyi ofanana ndi zilembo zawo zachilatini komanso kuchuluka kwa zilembo zazikulu.

• C wamkulu / Wamng'ono - C-dur / a-moll
• G yaikulu / E yaying'ono - G-dur / e-moll (1 yakuthwa)
• D zazikulu / B zazing'ono - D-dur / h-moll (2 zakuthwa)
• Yaikulu / F kufa yaying'ono - A-dur / f: -moll (3 lakuthwa)
• E wamkulu / C-wamng'ono wakuthwa - E-dur / cis-moll (zojambula 4)
• B chachikulu/G-charp chaching'ono - H-dur/gis-moll (zothwa 5)
• F-lakuthwa kwambiri / D-lakuthwa pang'ono - Fis-dur / dis-moll (6 lakuthwa)
• F yaikulu D yaying'ono - F-dur / d-moIl (1 lathyathyathya)
• B lathyathyathya lalikulu / G wamng'ono - B-dur / g-moll (2 ma flats)
• E-flat yaikulu / C yaying'ono - E-dur / c-moll (zogona 3)
• Chathyathyathya chachikulu / F chaching'ono - As-dur / f-moll (manyumba 4)
• D-flat yayikulu / B-flat yaying'ono - Des-dur / b-moll (manyumba 5)
• G-flat yayikulu / E-flat yaying'ono - Ges-dur / es-moll (manyumba 6)

Chabwino, tsopano muli ndi lingaliro la wamng'ono, ndipo tsopano chidziwitso chonsechi chikhoza kuchitidwa. Ndipo muyenera kuyamba, ndithudi, ndi mamba. Pansipa pali tebulo la masikelo ang'onoang'ono omwe alipo onse akuluakulu ndi ofanana ndi zala zonse (manambala zala). Khalani otanganidwa, osathamanga.

Ndiroleni ndikukumbutseni njira yosewera masikelo:

1. Sewerani pang'onopang'ono ndi dzanja lirilonse sikelo ya 4 octave mmwamba ndi pansi. Dziwani kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito nyimbo zamasamba, manambala a chala amaperekedwa pamwamba ndi pansi pa zolembazo. Manambala omwe ali pamwamba pa zolembazo amatchula dzanja lamanja, pansipa - kumanzere.
2. Zindikirani kuti Melodic yaying'ono, mosiyana ndi mitundu iwiri ya masikelo ang'onoang'ono, idzamanga mosiyana pamene ikuyenda mmwamba ndi pansi. Izi zili choncho chifukwa chakuti mukuyenda pansi, kusintha kwadzidzidzi kuchokera ku chachikulu (komwe nthawi yaing'ono ya melodic imagwirizana kuchokera pa sitepe yoyamba mpaka yachinayi) kupita ku yaying'ono idzamveka osati nyimbo yosangalatsa. Ndipo kuti athetse vutoli, ang'onoang'ono achilengedwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyenda pansi - sitepe yachisanu ndi chiwiri ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi imabwerera kumalo awo oyambirira a sikelo yaing'ono.
3. Lumikizani ndi manja awiri.
4. Pang'onopang'ono onjezerani kuthamanga kwa masikelo, koma nthawi yomweyo onetsetsani kuti masewerawa ndi osalala komanso omveka.

M’chenicheni, wopekayo samakakamizika kugwiritsira ntchito manotsi onse pamlingo uliwonse m’nyimbo zake. Composer scale ndi menyu yomwe mungasankhe zolemba.

Sikelo zazikulu ndi zazing’ono mosakayikira ndizo zotchuka kwambiri, koma si sikelo zokhazo zimene zilipo mu nyimbo. Osawopa kuyesa pang'ono ndi dongosolo la masikelo ang'onoang'ono pamiyeso yayikulu ndi yaying'ono. Sinthani kamvekedwe ndi semitone kwinakwake (ndi mosemphanitsa) ndikumvetsera zomwe zimachitika.

Ndipo zikuwoneka kuti mupanga sikelo yatsopano: osati yayikulu kapena yaying'ono. Zina mwa mambawa zidzamveka bwino, zina zidzamveka zonyansa, ndipo zina zidzamveka zachilendo kwambiri. Kupanga mamba atsopano sikuloledwa kokha, koma kumalimbikitsidwa. Masikelo atsopano amapatsa moyo nyimbo zatsopano ndi zomveka.

Anthu akhala akuyesera kuti azitha kusiyanasiyana kuyambira pomwe nyimbo zidayamba. Ndipo ngakhale kuti masikelo oyesera ambiri sanapezeke kutchuka monga zazikulu ndi zazing’ono, m’masitayelo ena oimba nyimbo zotulukirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga maziko a nyimbo.

Ndipo potsiriza, ndikuponyera nyimbo zosangalatsa mu makiyi ang'onoang'ono