Faustina Bordoni |

Faustina Bordoni

Mawu a Bordoni-Hasse anali amadzimadzi kwambiri. Palibe wina aliyense koma iye amene akanatha kubwerezanso phokoso limodzimodzilo ndi liwiro lotereli, ndipo kumbali ina, iye ankadziwa kugwira cholemba mpaka kalekale.

"Hasse-Bordoni adalowa m'mbiri ya opera monga mmodzi mwa oimira akuluakulu a sukulu ya mawu a bel canto," analemba SM Grishchenko. - Mawu a woimbayo anali amphamvu komanso osinthika, apadera mu kupepuka komanso kuyenda; kuyimba kwake kunkasiyanitsidwa ndi kukongola kodabwitsa kwa mawu, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya utoto wa timbre, kufotokoza modabwitsa kwa mawu ndi kumveka bwino kwa mawu, mawu odabwitsa mu cantilena wodekha, woyimba komanso ukoma wodabwitsa pakuchita ma trill, fioritura, mordents, ndime zokwera ndi zotsikira ... mithunzi yambiri yosinthika (kuchokera ku fortissimo yolemera kupita ku pianissimo yofewa kwambiri). Hasse-Bordoni anali ndi kalembedwe kake, luso laluso lowoneka bwino, machitidwe abwino kwambiri, komanso chithumwa chosowa. "

Faustina Bordoni anabadwa mu 1695 (malinga ndi magwero ena, mu 1693 kapena 1700) ku Venice. Anachokera ku banja lolemekezeka la Venetian, anakulira m'nyumba yachifumu ya I. Renier-Lombria. Apa Faustina anakumana Benedetto Marcello ndipo anakhala wophunzira wake. Mtsikanayo anaphunzira kuimba ku Venice, ku Pieta Conservatory, ndi Francesco Gasparini. Kenako adachita bwino ndi woimba wotchuka wa castrato Antonio Bernacchi.

Bordoni adawonekera koyamba pa siteji ya opera mu 1716 ku bwalo la Venetian "San Giovanni Crisostomo" mu sewero loyamba la opera "Ariodante" ndi C.-F. Pollarolo. Ndiye, pa siteji yomweyo, iye anachita udindo waukulu pa kuyamba wa zisudzo "Eumeke" Albinoni ndi "Alexander Sever" ndi Lotti. Kale zisudzo zoyamba za woimbayo zinali zopambana kwambiri. Bordoni mwamsanga anakhala wotchuka, kukhala mmodzi wa oimba wotchuka Italy. Anthu achangu aku Venetian adampatsa dzina loti New Sirena.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mu 1719 msonkhano woyamba wa kulenga pakati pa woimba ndi Cuzzoni unachitika ku Venice. Ndani akanaganiza kuti pasanathe zaka khumi adzakhala otenga nawo mbali mu wotchuka internecine nkhondo London.

M'zaka za 1718-1723 Bordoni amayendera ku Italy. Amapanga, makamaka, ku Venice, Florence, Milan (Ducale Theatre), Bologna, Naples. Mu 1723 woimba anapita Munich, ndipo mu 1724/25 anaimba mu Vienna, Venice ndi Parma. Mitengo ya nyenyezi ndiyabwino kwambiri - mpaka ma guilder 15 pachaka! Ndipotu, Bordoni sikuti amangoimba bwino, komanso ndi wokongola komanso wolemekezeka.

Munthu angamvetse mmene zinalili zovuta kwa Handel "kunyengerera" nyenyezi yoteroyo. Wolemba nyimbo wotchuka anafika ku Vienna, ku khoti la Mfumu Charles VI, makamaka ku Bordoni. Prima donna wake "wakale" ku "Kingstier" Cuzzoni anali ndi mwana, muyenera kusewera bwino. Wolembayo adakwanitsa kupanga mgwirizano ndi Bordoni, ndikumupatsa mapaundi 500 kuposa Cuzzoni.

Ndipo tsopano nyuzipepala za ku London zadzaza ndi mphekesera za prima donna yatsopano. Mu 1726, woimbayo anaimba kwa nthawi yoyamba pa siteji ya Royal Theatre mu Handel latsopano opera Alexander.

Wolemba wotchuka Romain Rolland pambuyo pake analemba kuti:

"London Opera yaperekedwa kwa castrati ndi prima donnas, komanso zofuna za owateteza. Mu 1726, woimba wotchuka wa ku Italy wa nthawi imeneyo, Faustina, anafika. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, zisudzo za ku London zinasandulika mpikisano wa larynxes wa Faustina ndi Cuzzoni, akupikisana ndi mawu - mpikisano wotsatizana ndi kulira kwa omenyana nawo. Handel anayenera kulemba "Alessandro" (May 5, 1726) chifukwa cha mpikisano waluso pakati pa nyenyezi ziwiri za gululo, zomwe zimayimba udindo wa ambuye awiri a Alexander. Ngakhale zonsezi, talente yodabwitsa ya Handel inadziwonetsera yokha muzithunzi zingapo zabwino ku Admeto (Januwale 31, 1727), kukongola kwake komwe kunkawoneka kukopa omvera. Koma mkangano wa ojambulawo sunakhazikike pansi pa izi, koma unakhala wovuta kwambiri. Gulu lirilonse linkasunga mapepala a malipiro omwe amapereka nyali zoipa kwa adani awo. Cuzzoni ndi Faustina anakwiya kwambiri moti pa June 6, 1727, anagwirana tsitsi ali pasiteji n’kumamenyana mobangula muholo yonse pamaso pa Mfumukazi ya ku Wales.

Kuyambira pamenepo, zonse zayenda mozondoka. Handel anayesa kunyamula zingwe, koma, monga momwe bwenzi lake Arbuthnot adanena, "mdierekezi anamasuka": kunali kosatheka kumuyikanso pa unyolo. Mlanduwo udatayika, ngakhale ntchito zitatu zatsopano za Handel, momwe mphezi yanzeru zake imawala ... Kavi kakang'ono kowombera ndi John Gay ndi Pepush, komwe ndi: "Opera Opempha" ("Opera Opempha"), adamaliza kugonjetsedwa kwa London Opera Academy… "

Bordoni adachita ku London kwa zaka zitatu, kutenga nawo gawo pazopanga zoyamba za Handel Admet, King of Thessaly (1727), Richard I, King of England (1727), Cyrus, King of Persia (1728), Ptolemy, mfumu ya Egypt. (1728). Woimbayo adayimbanso mu Astyanax ndi J.-B. Bononcini mu 1727.

Atachoka ku London mu 1728, Bordoni anapita ku Paris ndi mizinda ina ya ku France. M'chaka chomwecho, adagwira nawo ntchito yoyamba yopanga Albinoni's Fortitude in Trial ku Milan's Ducal Theatre. Mu nyengo 1728/29 wojambula anaimba ku Venice, ndipo mu 1729 iye anachita mu Parma ndi Munich. Pambuyo pa ulendo ku Turin Theatre "Reggio" mu 1730, Bordoni anabwerera ku Venice. Kumeneko, mu 1730, anakumana ndi woimba wa ku Germany Johann Adolf Hasse, yemwe ankagwira ntchito monga mtsogoleri wa gulu ku Venice.

Hasse ndi m'modzi mwa oimba otchuka kwambiri panthawiyo. Izi n’zimene Romain Rolland anapereka kwa wopeka nyimbo wa ku Germany: “Hasse anaposa Porpora m’chithumwa cha nyimbo zake, mmene Mozart yekha ndiye anali wofanana naye, ndipo m’mphatso yake yokhala ndi gulu la oimba, anasonyezedwa m’kuimba kwake koimba nyimbo zoimbira bwino kwambiri, zomveka ngati nyimbo. kuyimba yokha. …”

Mu 1730, woimba ndi wopeka anagwirizana ndi ukwati. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, Faustina ankakonda kwambiri maudindo a mwamuna wake.

“Okwatirana achichepere mu 1731 ananyamuka kupita ku Dresden, ku bwalo la Wosankhidwa wa Saxony Augustus II Wamphamvu,” akulemba motero E. Tsodokov. - Nthawi yaku Germany ya moyo ndi ntchito ya prima donna yotchuka imayamba. Mwamuna wopambana, yemwe wadziŵa luso lokondweretsa anthu, amalemba zisudzo pambuyo pa zisudzo (zonse 56), mkazi wake amaimbamo. "Bizinesi" iyi imabweretsa ndalama zambiri (6000 thaler pachaka kwa aliyense). M'zaka za 1734-1763, mu ulamuliro wa Augustus III (mwana wa Augustus the Strong), Hasse anali wotsogolera wokhazikika wa Opera ya ku Italy ku Dresden ...

Luso la Faustina linapitiriza kuchititsa chidwi. Mu 1742, Frederick Wamkulu anachita chidwi naye.

Maluso oimba a woimbayo adayamikiridwa ndi wamkulu Johann Sebastian Bach, omwe awiriwa anali nawo paubwenzi. Izi ndi zomwe analemba m'buku lake za wolemba SA Morozov:

"Bach adasunganso ubale wabwino ndi wowunikira nyimbo wa Dresden, wolemba zisudzo, Johann Adolf Hasse ...

Wojambula waulere komanso wodziyimira pawokha, waulemu wadziko, Hasse adasunga Chijeremani pang'ono mwa iye ngakhale mawonekedwe. Mphuno yotembenuzika pang'ono pansi pa mphumi yotukumuka, mawonekedwe ankhope akumwera, milomo yokhudzika, chibwano chodzaza. Ali ndi talente yodabwitsa, chidziwitso chochuluka cha mabuku oimba, iye, ndithudi, anali wokondwa kuti mwadzidzidzi anapeza mu German limba, bandmaster ndi kupeka ku Leipzig zigawo, pambuyo interlocutor amene amadziwa bwino ntchito ya Italy ndi French oimba nyimbo mwangwiro.

Mkazi wa Hasse, woyimba waku Venetian Faustina, nee Bordoni, adakonda operayo. Iye anali mu zaka makumi atatu. Maphunziro omveka bwino, luso lapadera laluso, deta yowala yakunja ndi chisomo, zomwe zinaleredwa pa siteji, zimamuika patsogolo mu luso la opaleshoni. Panthawi ina iye anachita nawo kupambana kwa Handel nyimbo za opera, tsopano anakumana Bach. Wojambula yekhayo amene ankadziwa awiri mwa opanga nyimbo za German kwambiri.

Ndizodziwika bwino kuti pa Seputembara 13, 1731, Bach, mwachiwonekere ali ndi Friedemann, adamvetsera masewero a Hasse a Cleophida muholo ya Dresden Royal Opera. Friedemann, mwinamwake, anatenga "nyimbo za Dresden" ndi chidwi chachikulu. Koma Bach Bach adayamikanso nyimbo zaku Italy zotsogola, makamaka Faustina paudindo wake anali wabwino. Chabwino, akudziwa mgwirizano, Hasses amenewo. Ndi sukulu yabwino. Ndipo oimba ndi abwino. Zikomo!

… Kukumana ku Dresden ndi akazi a Hasse, Bach ndi Anna Magdalena adawachereza ku Leipzig. Lamlungu kapena tchuthi, alendo a likulu sakanachitira mwina koma kumvetsera kwa Bach cantata mu umodzi mwa mipingo yayikulu. Ayenera kuti adapitako kumakonsati a College of Music ndipo adamvapo nyimbo zakudziko zomwe Bach adachita ndi ophunzira.

Ndipo m'chipinda chochezera cha nyumba ya cantor, m'masiku akufika kwa ojambula a Dresden, nyimbo zinamveka. Faustina Hasse adafika ku nyumba zolemekezeka atavala bwino, wopanda mapewa, ali ndi tsitsi lalitali, lomwe lidamulemetsa nkhope yake yokongola. M'nyumba ya cantor, adawoneka atavala modzichepetsa - mu mtima mwake adamva zovuta za tsogolo la Anna Magdalena, yemwe adasokoneza ntchito yake yojambula chifukwa cha ntchito ya mkazi wake ndi amayi ake.

M'nyumba ya cantor, katswiri wa zisudzo, opera prima donna, mwina adachita soprano arias kuchokera ku cantatas kapena Passions za Bach. Nyimbo za harpsichord za ku Italy ndi ku France zinkamveka panthawiyi.

Reich itabwera, zidutswa za Bach zokhala ndi ziwiya zapayekha za zida zamphepo zidaliranso.

Wantchitoyo amapereka chakudya chamadzulo. Aliyense amakhala patebulo - ndi alendo otchuka, ndi abwenzi a Leipzig, ndi apakhomo, ndi ophunzira ambuye, ngati adayitanidwa lero kuti aziimba nyimbo.

Ndimasewera am'mawa, banja lazalusoli linyamuka kupita ku Dresden ... "

Monga woimba solo wotsogolera wa Dresden Court Opera, Faustina anapitirizabe kuyimba ku Italy, Germany, ndi France. Pa nthawiyo panali mwambo wapadera. Prima donna anali ndi ufulu kuti sitima yake pa siteji kunyamula tsamba limodzi, ndipo ngati iye ankasewera mwana wa mfumu, awiri. Masamba ankatsatira pambuyo pake. Anatenga malo aulemu kumanja kwa omwe adachita nawo sewerolo, chifukwa, monga lamulo, anali munthu wolemekezeka kwambiri pamasewerawo. Pamene Faustina Hasse mu 1748 anaimba Dirka, yemwe pambuyo pake anakhala mwana wa mfumu, ku Demofont, adafuna malo apamwamba kuposa Mfumukazi Creusa, wolemekezeka weniweni. Wolembayo mwiniwake, wolemba Metastasio, adayenera kulowererapo kuti akakamize Faustina kuti alore.

Mu 1751, woimbayo, pokhala pachimake cha mphamvu zake za kulenga, adasiya siteji, akudzipereka makamaka kulera ana asanu. Kenako banja la a Hasse linachezeredwa ndi mmodzi wa akatswiri a mbiri yakale kwambiri a nthawi imeneyo, wolemba nyimbo ndi woimba C. Burney. Iye analemba makamaka:

"Titatha kudya ndi Wolemekezeka Monsignor Visconti, mlembi wake ananditengeranso kwa Signor Gasse ku Landstrasse, malo okongola kwambiri a Vienna ... Tinapeza banja lonse kunyumba, ndipo ulendo wathu unali wosangalatsa komanso wosangalatsa. Signora Faustina ndi wolankhula kwambiri ndipo amafunsabe chilichonse chomwe chimachitika padziko lapansi. Iye adasungabe kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu ziwiri zotsalira za kukongola komwe adadziwika kwambiri muunyamata wake, koma osati mawu ake okongola!

Ndinamupempha kuti ayimbe. “Aa ayi ndithu! Zikomo kwambiri chifukwa chanzeru! ” (“Kalanga ine, sindingathe! Ndataya mphatso yanga yonse”), iye anatero.

… Faustina, yemwe ndi mbiri yakale yanyimbo, adandiuza nkhani zambiri za oimba a nthawi yake; adalankhula zambiri za kalembedwe kake ka Handel koyimba zeze ndi limba ali ku England, ndipo adanena kuti adakumbukira kufika kwa Farinelli ku Venice mu 1728, chisangalalo ndi kudabwa komwe adamvetsera.

Anthu onse a m’nthaŵiyo anavomereza mogwirizana kuti Faustina anapanga lingaliro losatsutsika. Luso la woyimbayo adasilira V.-A. Mozart, A. Zeno, I.-I. Fuchs, J.-B. Mancini ndi ena a nthawi ya woimbayo. Wolemba I.-I. Quantz anati: “Faustina anali ndi mezzo-soprano yosayera kwambiri ngati yopatsa moyo. Kenako kuchuluka kwa mawu ake kunangochokera ku octave h yaing'ono kufika pa quarter-quarter g, koma kenako adakulitsa kutsika. Anali ndi zomwe Amaitaliya amazitcha un canto granito; machitidwe ake anali omveka bwino komanso owoneka bwino. Anali ndi lilime losunthika lomwe limamulola kuti atchule mawu mwachangu komanso momveka bwino, komanso mmero wotukuka bwino wamagawo okhala ndi trill yokongola komanso yachangu kotero kuti amatha kuyimba popanda kukonzekera pang'ono, akakonda. Kaya ndimezo ndi zosalala kapena zodumphadumpha, kapena zimakhala ndi mawu obwerezabwereza, zinali zosavuta kwa iye kuyimba ngati chida chilichonse. Mosakayikira anali woyamba kulengeza, ndipo mopambana, kubwerezabwereza kofulumira kwa mawu omwewo. Adayimba Adagio momveka bwino komanso momveka bwino, koma osati nthawi zonse bwino ngati womverayo atakhala wachisoni kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito kujambula, glissando kapena zolemba zolumikizana ndi tempo rubato. Anali ndi chikumbukiro chosangalatsa cha kusintha kosasintha ndi zokongoletsera, komanso kumveka bwino komanso kufulumira kwa chiweruzo, zomwe zinamupangitsa kuti apereke mphamvu zonse ndi kufotokozera mawu. Poyimba siteji, adali ndi mwayi; ndipo popeza kuti ankalamulira bwino minofu yosinthasintha ndi maonekedwe osiyanasiyana omwe amapanga maonekedwe a nkhope, adasewera bwino mofanana ndi maudindo a heroine achiwawa, achikondi ndi achifundo; m’mawu amodzi, iye anabadwa kuti aziimba ndi kusewera.

Pambuyo pa imfa ya August III mu 1764, banjali linakhazikika ku Vienna, ndipo mu 1775 anapita ku Venice. Apa woimbayo anamwalira pa November 4, 1781.