Friedrich von Flotow |

Friedrich von Flotow

Flotov. "Martha". M'appari (B. Gigli)

Kutchuka kwa Flotov tsopano sikuchokera pa opera imodzi "Martha", koma pamtundu wina wa izo, ngakhale kuti pakati pa zaka za m'ma 30, iye anali m'gulu la olemba otchuka kwambiri a zisudzo za ku Germany. Chiwerengero chonse cha iwo chinaposa XNUMX ku Flotov.

Dzina lakuti Flotov, lomwe limamveka ngati Chirasha, limachokera ku dzina la nyumba yachifumu ya Vlotho ku Westphalia pafupi ndi Minden pamtsinje wa Weser (tsopano likulu lachigawo cha North Rhine-Westphalia). Makolo a wolemba nyimboyo adasamukira ku Mecklenburg m'zaka za m'ma 1810, banja lake la baroni linkaonedwa kuti ndi limodzi mwa akale kwambiri m'dziko lino ndipo linali lolamulira mwa eni malo ambiri ozungulira. Mu 26, abambo a wolemba nyimboyo, mkulu wa gulu lankhondo la Prussia, anakhala eni ake a dzikolo. Komabe, kuwukiridwa kwa Napoleon kudamupangitsa kuti awonongedwe, ndipo woimba wam'tsogolo Friedrich von Flotow adabadwa pa Epulo 1812, XNUMX m'nyumba yocheperako ya banja la Teitendorf ku Mecklenburg. Bambo ake adamupatsa ntchito yaukazembe, adawona mu nyimbo ngati zosangalatsa zokha ndipo mwanjira iliyonse amatsutsana ndi kukula kwa talente yoyambirira ya mnyamatayo. Friedrich adalandira maphunziro ake a piyano oyamba kuchokera kwa amayi ake ndi aphunzitsi akunyumba, kenako adaphunzira chiwalo ndi mgwirizano, adayimba viola mubwalo loyimba lamba, ndikuyamba kulemba mobisa. Ali ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, abambo ake adagonjera zopempha zosalekeza ndipo anapita ndi mwana wawo ku Paris. Apa Flotov anaphunzira ndi aphunzitsi abwino kwambiri - woimba piyano wa virtuoso JP Piksis ndi pulofesa wa Conservatory, wolemba A. Reicha (Berlioz anali wophunzira wake nthawi yomweyo).

Kuukira kwa July 1830 kunakakamiza Flotov kuchoka ku Paris, komwe anabwerera mu May chaka chotsatira ndipo anakhala mabwenzi apamtima ndi Meyerbeer, Offenbach, Rossini, ndi olemba a French comic operas. Flotov analemba sewero lake loyamba la zisudzo zamasewera mu salons apamwamba. Izi zimapangitsa dzina lake kukhala lodziwika ku Paris, ndipo potsiriza, mu 1835, masewero ake a opera "Peter ndi Katerina" akuchitika pa siteji ya akatswiri - ku Schwerin Court Theatre. Amakwaniritsa Fleets ndi zopanga m'bwalo laling'ono la Parisian, lomwe amapanga zisudzo mogwirizana ndi oimba achi French. Kupambana koyamba kunabweretsedwa ndi The Shipwreck of the Medusa (1839), pambuyo pake Flotov adalowa m'magawo akuluakulu a likulu la France - Grand Opera ndi Opéra-Comique. Kuzindikirika ku Germany kunabwera ndi Alessandro Stradella, opera ku libretto yaku Germany yomwe idachitikira ku Hamburg (1844) ndipo nthawi yomweyo m'mizinda ina yaku Europe. Komabe, kupambana kumeneku kunaphimbidwa patapita zaka zitatu ndi Marta, kupambana kwakukulu kwa Flotov, komwe sanathe kuwukanso zaka zonse 35 za ntchito yake.

Mu 1855, Flotov anaitanidwa ku udindo wa mkulu wa zisudzo Court ndi mkulu wa nyimbo khoti Schwerin, iye anapereka khama kwambiri kukonzanso gulu la oimba, koma anagonjetsedwa mu "zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri" nkhondo yake ndi ziwewe. anabwerera ku Paris mu 1863. Patatha zaka zisanu, anakhazikika pa malo ake ku Lower Austria ndipo anadzipeza kuti akugwirizana kwambiri ndi Vienna, mzinda umene ankakondedwa kwambiri. Mabwalo a zisudzo a ku Viennese amafuna kuti zisudzo zichuluke, ndipo Flotov akukonzanso zisudzo zake zakale zachifalansa mogwirizana ndi wolemba mabuku wina wa ku Germany. Komabe, opera iliyonse yotsatira imakhala yofooka kuposa yapitayi, kotero kuti mthunzi wokhawo wa wolemba "Marta" ("Shadow" ndi "Shadow Wake" ndi mayina achi French ndi German a imodzi mwa nyimbo zomaliza za Flotov. ). Wolembayo anakhala zaka zomaliza za moyo wake pa malo pafupi ndi Darmstadt, ndipo mu April 1882 anapita ku Vienna, kumene anaitanidwa monga mlendo wolemekezeka ku masewero a 500 a Martha ku Court Theatre. Umu ndi momwe adakondwerera kubadwa kwake kwa zaka 70.

Flotov anamwalira pa January 24, 1883 ku Darmstadt.

A. Koenigsberg