Giya Kancheli |

Giya Kancheli

Luso lalikulu lanyimbo, lomwe lili ndi udindo wapamwamba padziko lonse lapansi. L. Nono

Wodziletsa wokhala ndi chikhalidwe cha maximalist, choletsa Vesuvius yobisika. R. Shchedrin

Mbuye yemwe amadziwa kunena zatsopano ndi njira zosavuta zomwe sizingasokonezedwe ndi chirichonse, mwinanso chapadera. W. Nkhandwe

Chiyambi cha nyimbo za G. Kancheli, kwa omwe mizere yomwe ili pamwambayi ikuperekedwa, ikuphatikizidwa ndi kutseguka kwakukulu kwa kalembedwe ndi kusankha kwake kokhwima, nthaka ya dziko ndi kufunikira kwa chilengedwe chonse cha malingaliro aluso, moyo wosokonezeka wa malingaliro ndi sublimity ya mawonekedwe awo, kuphweka ndi kuya, ndi kupezeka ndi zachilendo zosangalatsa. Kuphatikizika kotereku kumawoneka ngati kodabwitsa pakubwereza mawu, pomwe mapangidwe a nyimbo a wolemba waku Georgia nthawi zonse amakhala achilengedwe, amalumikizidwa pamodzi ndi mawu osangalatsa, ngati nyimbo mwachilengedwe. Ichi ndi chithunzithunzi chophatikizika mwaluso cha dziko lamakono mu kusagwirizana kwake.

Mbiri ya wolembayo si yolemera kwambiri muzochitika zakunja. Iye anakulira ku Tbilisi, m’banja la dokotala. Apa iye anamaliza sukulu ya zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zoyimba, ndiye geological mphamvu ya yunivesite, ndipo kokha mu 1963 - Conservatory m'kalasi zikuchokera I. Tuski. Kale m'zaka zake zamaphunziro, nyimbo za Kancheli zinali pakatikati pa zokambirana zovuta zomwe sizinayime mpaka woimbayo adapatsidwa Mphotho ya State ya USSR mu 1976, ndipo adayatsidwa ndi mphamvu zatsopano. Zowona, ngati poyamba Kancheli adanyozedwa chifukwa cha eclecticism, chifukwa chosadziwika bwino chaumwini wake ndi mzimu wa dziko, ndiye pambuyo pake, pamene kalembedwe ka wolembayo adapangidwa bwino, adayamba kulankhula za kubwereza-bwereza. Panthawiyi, ngakhale ntchito zoyamba za wolembayo zinavumbula "kumvetsetsa kwake kwa nthawi ya nyimbo ndi malo oimba" (R. Shchedrin), ndipo pambuyo pake adatsatira njira yosankhidwayo ndi kulimbikira kwansanje, osadzilola kuti ayime kapena kupuma pa zomwe adazipeza. . M'mabuku ake otsatirawa, Kancheli, malinga ndi kuvomereza kwake, amafuna "kudzipezera yekha sitepe imodzi yokwera, osati pansi." Ichi ndichifukwa chake amagwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono, kutha zaka zingapo kumaliza ntchito imodzi, ndipo nthawi zambiri amapitiliza kukonza zolembazo ngakhale zitayamba kuwonekera koyamba kugulu, mpaka kusindikizidwa kapena kujambula pa rekodi.

Koma mwa ntchito zochepa za Kancheli, munthu sangapeze zoyesera kapena zodutsa, osasiya zomwe sizinapambane. Katswiri wina wotchuka wa nyimbo wa ku Georgia, dzina lake G. Ordzhonikidze, anayerekezera ntchito yake ndi “kukwera phiri limodzi: kuchokera pa utali uliwonse, chizimezimecho chimakambidwa motalikirapo, n’kumavumbula mtunda umene unali usanaoneke ndipo zimakupangitsani kuona kuya kwa moyo wa munthu.” Wolemba nyimbo wobadwa, Kancheli akukwera molingana ndi cholinga cha epic mpaka tsoka, osataya kuwona mtima komanso kufulumira kwa mawu anyimbo. Ma symphonies ake asanu ndi awiri ali, titero, miyoyo isanu ndi iwiri yokhalanso ndi moyo, mitu isanu ndi iwiri ya epic ya kulimbana kosatha pakati pa zabwino ndi zoyipa, za tsogolo lovuta la kukongola. Symphony iliyonse ndi luso lathunthu. Zithunzi zosiyana, mayankho odabwitsa, komabe ma symphonies onse amapanga mtundu wa macrocycle ndi mawu oyambira omvetsa chisoni (Choyamba - 1967) ndi "Epilogue" (Seventh - 1986), zomwe, malinga ndi wolemba, zimafotokozera mwachidule gawo lalikulu la kulenga. Mu macrocycle iyi, Fourth Symphony (1975), yomwe idapatsidwa Mphotho ya Boma, ili pachimake choyambirira komanso choyimira chakusintha. Otsogolera ake awiri adauziridwa ndi ndakatulo za chikhalidwe cha Chijojiya, makamaka nyimbo za tchalitchi ndi miyambo, zomwe zinapezedwanso m'ma 60s. Symphony yachiwiri, yotchedwa "Chants" (1970), ndiyo yowala kwambiri mwa ntchito za Kancheli, kutsimikizira kugwirizana kwa munthu ndi chilengedwe ndi mbiri yakale, kusaphwanya malamulo auzimu a anthu. Wachitatu (1973) ali ngati kachisi wocheperako ku ulemerero wa akatswiri osadziwika bwino, omwe amapanga nyimbo zachi Georgian choral polyphony. Symphony yachinayi, yoperekedwa kwa kukumbukira Michelangelo, ndikusunga kukhazikika kwa malingaliro amphamvu mwa kuzunzika, imamuwonetsa ndi malingaliro a tsogolo la wojambulayo. Titan, yemwe adathyola maunyolo a nthawi ndi malo mu ntchito yake, koma adakhala wopanda mphamvu mwaumunthu pamaso pa moyo womvetsa chisoni. The Fifth Symphony (1978) idaperekedwa kukumbukira makolo a wolembayo. Apa, mwina kwa nthawi yoyamba ku Kancheli, mutu wanthawi, wosasinthika komanso wachifundo, kuyika malire pazolakalaka ndi ziyembekezo za anthu, umakhudzidwa ndi zowawa zaumwini. Ndipo ngakhale kuti zithunzi zonse za symphony - zonse zachisoni ndi zotsutsa kwambiri - zidzamira kapena kusweka pansi pa kuukira kwa mphamvu yakupha yosadziwika, yonseyo imakhala ndi kumverera kwa catharsis. Ndi chisoni cholira ndi kugonjetsedwa. Pambuyo pa kuyimba kwa nyimbo zanyimbo paphwando la nyimbo za Soviet mu mzinda wa ku France wa Tours (July 1987), atolankhani anachitcha kuti “mwinamwake ntchito yosangalatsa kwambiri yamakono mpaka lero.” Mu Sixth Symphony (1979-81), chithunzi chodziwika bwino cha muyaya chikuwonekeranso, mpweya wanyimbo umakhala wokulirapo, zosiyanitsa zimakula. Komabe, izi sizimawongolera, koma zimanola ndikuwonjezera kusamvana kowopsa. Kupambana kwachipambano kwa symphony pazikondwerero zingapo zodziwika bwino za nyimbo zapadziko lonse lapansi kudathandizidwa ndi "malingaliro ake olimba mtima komanso malingaliro okhudza mtima."

Kufika kwa woyimba nyimbo wotchuka ku Tbilisi Opera House komanso masewero a "Music for the Living" kuno mu 1984 kudadabwitsa anthu ambiri. Komabe, kwa woimbayo mwiniwakeyo, ichi chinali kupitiriza kwachilengedwe kwa mgwirizano wautali komanso wopindulitsa ndi wotsogolera J. Kakhidze, woimba woyamba wa ntchito zake zonse, komanso ndi wotsogolera wa Georgian Academic Drama Theatre dzina lake. Sh. Rustaveli R. Sturua. Atagwirizanitsa zoyesayesa zawo pa siteji ya opera, ambuyewa adatembenukiranso ku mutu wofunikira, wofunikira pano - mutu wa kusunga moyo padziko lapansi, chuma cha chitukuko cha dziko - ndikuchiyika mu mawonekedwe atsopano, akuluakulu, osangalatsa. "Music for the Living" imadziwika bwino ngati chochitika m'bwalo lamasewera la Soviet.

Opera itangotha, ntchito yachiwiri yotsutsa nkhondo ya Kancheli idawonekera - "Bright Sorrow" (1985) kwa oimba solo, kwaya ya ana ndi orchestra yaikulu ya symphony ku malemba a G. Tabidze, IV Goethe, V. Shakespeare ndi A. Pushkin. Monga "Music for the Living", ntchitoyi imaperekedwa kwa ana - koma osati kwa omwe adzakhale pambuyo pathu, koma kwa anthu osalakwa omwe anazunzidwa pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse. Mwachidwi adalandira kale ku Leipzig (monga Sixth Symphony, idalembedwa ndi dongosolo la oimba a Gewandhaus ndi nyumba yosindikizira ya Peters), Bright Sorrow idakhala imodzi mwamasamba olowera komanso opambana anyimbo za Soviet za 80s.

Zomaliza zomaliza za woimbayo - "Mourned by the Wind" kwa solo viola ndi orchestra yayikulu ya symphony (1988) - idaperekedwa kukumbukira Givi Ordzhonikidze. Ntchitoyi inayamba ku West Berlin Festival mu 1989.

M'ma 60s. Kancheli akuyamba mgwirizano ndi otsogolera akuluakulu a zisudzo ndi cinema. Mpaka pano, adalemba nyimbo za mafilimu oposa 40 (makamaka motsogoleredwa ndi E. Shengelaya, G. Danelia, L. Gogoberidze, R. Chkheidze) ndi machitidwe pafupifupi 30, ambiri omwe adapangidwa ndi R. Sturua. Komabe, wopeka yekha amaona ntchito yake mu zisudzo ndi mafilimu a kanema monga mbali ya zilandiridwenso gulu, amene alibe tanthauzo paokha. Choncho, palibe nyimbo zake, zisudzo kapena mafilimu, zomwe zasindikizidwa kapena kujambulidwa pa rekodi.

N. Zeifas