Eric Satie (Erik Satie) |

erik satie

Mitambo yokwanira, nkhungu ndi madzi am'madzi, ma nymphs amadzi ndi zonunkhira za usiku; tikufuna nyimbo zapadziko lapansi, nyimbo za moyo watsiku ndi tsiku!… J. Cocteau

E. Satie ndi m'modzi mwa opeka kwambiri achi French. Iye anadabwitsa anthu a m’nthaŵi yake kangapo polankhula mokangalika m’mawu ake olenga zinthu motsutsana ndi zimene anazitetezera mwachangu kufikira posachedwapa. M'zaka za m'ma 1890, atakumana ndi C. Debussy, Satie anatsutsa kutsanzira kwakhungu kwa R. Wagner, chifukwa cha chitukuko cha nyimbo zomwe zikubwera, zomwe zinkaimira chitsitsimutso cha luso la dziko la France. Pambuyo pake, wolembayo adatsutsa zomwe zidachitikazo, ndikutsutsa kusamveka bwino kwake komanso kuwongolera momveka bwino, mophweka, komanso mosasamala za kulemba kwa mzere. Olemba achichepere a "Six" adakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi Sati. Mzimu wopanduka wosakhazikika unkakhala mwa wolemba nyimboyo, womwe umafuna kuthetseratu miyambo. Sati adakopa achinyamata ndi vuto lolimba mtima la kukoma kwa philistine, ndi ziweruzo zake zodziimira, zokongola.

Sati anabadwira m'banja la broker. Pakati pa achibale panalibe oimba, ndipo kukopeka koyambirira kwa nyimbo sikunawonekere. Pomwe Eric anali ndi zaka 12 - banja linasamukira ku Paris - maphunziro apamwamba a nyimbo adayamba. Ali ndi zaka 18, Sati adalowa ku Paris Conservatory, adaphunzira mgwirizano ndi maphunziro ena ongolankhula kumeneko kwa kanthawi, ndipo adaphunzira maphunziro a piyano. Koma osakhutira ndi maphunzirowo, amasiya makalasi ndi anthu odzipereka kuti apite ku usilikali. Kubwerera ku Paris patatha chaka chimodzi, amagwira ntchito ngati woyimba piyano m'malesitilanti ang'onoang'ono ku Montmartre, komwe amakumana ndi C. Debussy, yemwe adachita chidwi ndi zomveka bwino pakuwongolera kwa woyimba piyano wachinyamatayo ndipo adatenganso kuyimba kwa piyano yake Gymnopédie. . Chibwenzicho chinasanduka ubwenzi wautali. Chikoka cha Satie chinathandiza Debussy kugonjetsa kutengeka kwake kwaunyamata ndi ntchito ya Wagner.

Mu 1898, Satie anasamukira ku Parisian suburb ya Arcay. Anakhazikika m’chipinda chocheperako pansanjika yachiŵiri pamwamba pa cafe yaing’ono, ndipo palibe aliyense wa mabwenzi ake amene akanatha kuloŵa m’malo othaŵiramo a wolemba nyimbowo. Kwa Sati, dzina lakutchulidwa "Arkey hermit" linalimbikitsidwa. Anali kukhala yekha, kupeŵa ofalitsa, kupeŵa kuperekedwa kwa ndalama zochitira masewero ochitira masewero. Nthawi ndi nthawi adawonekera ku Paris ndi ntchito ina yatsopano. Onse nyimbo Paris anabwereza matsenga Sati, ndi cholinga bwino, aphorisms zake zodabwitsa za luso, za oimba anzake.

Mu 1905-08. ali ndi zaka 39, Satie adalowa mu Schola cantorum, komwe adaphunzira zotsutsana ndi zolemba ndi O. Serrier ndi A. Roussel. Zolemba zoyambirira za Sati zinayamba kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 80 ndi 90: Ma Gymnopedia atatu, Misa ya Osauka ya kwaya ndi chiwalo, Cold Pieces ya piyano.

Mu 20s. anayamba kusindikiza magulu a piyano, osazolowereka, okhala ndi maudindo apamwamba: "Zidutswa Zitatu Zofanana ndi Peyala", "Pakhungu la Kavalo", "Mafotokozedwe Odziwikiratu", "Miluza Youma". Nyimbo zingapo zochititsa chidwi za melodic-waltzes, zomwe zidatchuka mwachangu, zimakhalanso zanthawi yomweyo. Mu 1915, Satie anakhala pafupi ndi wolemba ndakatulo, wolemba masewero ndi wotsutsa nyimbo J. Cocteau, yemwe adamuitana, mogwirizana ndi P. Picasso, kuti alembe ballet kwa gulu la S. Diaghilev. Kuyamba kwa ballet "Parade" kunachitika mu 1917 motsogozedwa ndi E. Ansermet.

Mwadala primitivism ndikugogomezera kunyalanyaza kukongola kwa phokoso, kuyambika kwa phokoso la ma siren agalimoto muzolemba, kulira kwa makina ojambulira ndi phokoso lina linayambitsa phokoso laphokoso pagulu ndi kuukira kwa otsutsa, zomwe sizinakhumudwitse wolembayo komanso anzake. Mu nyimbo za Parade, Sati adabwezeretsanso mzimu wa holo yanyimbo, ma tonations ndi nyimbo zatsiku ndi tsiku zamsewu.

Yolembedwa mu 1918, nyimbo za "sewero la symphonic ndi kuyimba kwa Socrates" palemba la zokambirana zenizeni za Plato, m'malo mwake, zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kumveka, kudziletsa, ngakhale kuuma, komanso kusakhalapo kwa zotsatira zakunja. Izi ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi "Parade", ngakhale kuti ntchitozi zimalekanitsidwa ndi chaka chimodzi chokha. Nditamaliza Socrates, Satie anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito lingaliro la kupereka nyimbo, kuimira, titero, maziko phokoso la moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku.

Sati adakhala zaka zomaliza za moyo wake ali yekha, akukhala ku Arkay. Anathetsa ubale wonse ndi "Six" ndipo adasonkhanitsa gulu latsopano la oimba, lotchedwa "Arkey School". (Inaphatikizapo oimba M. Jacob, A. Cliquet-Pleyel, A. Sauge, kondakitala R. Desormières). Mfundo yokongola kwambiri ya mgwirizano wolenga uwu inali chikhumbo cha luso latsopano la demokalase. Imfa ya Sati idadutsa mosadziwikiratu. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 50. pali kukwera kwa chidwi mu cholowa chake chopanga, pali zojambulidwa za piyano yake ndi nyimbo zake.

V. Ilyeva