Jussi Björling |

Jussi Björling

Swede Jussi Björling amatchedwa ndi otsutsa mdani yekhayo wa Italy wamkulu Beniamino Gigli. Mmodzi mwa oyimba odziwika bwino amatchedwanso "Jussi wokondedwa", "Apollo bel canto". VV Timokhin anati: “Björling anali ndi mawu ochititsa chidwi kwambiri, okhala ndi makhalidwe apadera a ku Italy. "Nthawi yake inagonjetsa kuwala kodabwitsa komanso kutentha, phokosolo linkasiyanitsidwa ndi pulasitiki yosowa, kufewa, kusinthasintha komanso nthawi yomweyo inali yolemera, yowutsa mudyo, yoyaka moto. Munthawi yonseyi, mawu a wojambulayo adamveka momasuka - zolemba zake zapamwamba zinali zowoneka bwino komanso zowoneka bwino, kaundula wapakati adakopeka ndi kufewa kokoma. Ndipo m'njira yochita bwino kwambiri ya woyimbayo, munthu amatha kumva chisangalalo cha ku Italy, kuchita zinthu mopupuluma, kumasuka, ngakhale kukokomeza kulikonse kwamalingaliro nthawi zonse kunali kwachilendo kwa Björling.

Anali chitsanzo chamoyo cha miyambo ya ku Italy bel canto ndipo anali woimba wouziridwa wa kukongola kwake. Otsutsa omwe amaika Björling pakati pa kuchonderera kwa akatswiri otchuka a ku Italy (monga Caruso, Gigli kapena Pertile) ali olondola, omwe kukongola kwa nyimbo, kumveka kwa sayansi yomveka bwino, ndi kukonda mawu a legato ndizofunikira kwambiri pamasewerowa. maonekedwe. Ngakhale m'mabuku amtundu wa veristic, Björling sanasocheretsedwe, kuvutitsidwa kwanyimbo, samaphwanya kukongola kwa mawu amawu ndi mawu obwerezabwereza kapena mawu okokomeza. Kuchokera pa zonsezi sizimatsatira konse kuti Björling si woyimba wokwiya. Ndi makanema ojambula ndi chidwi chotani chomwe mawu ake adamveka muzithunzi zowoneka bwino zamasewera a Verdi ndi olemba pasukulu yotsimikizika - kaya inali yomaliza ya Il trovatore kapena zochitika za Turiddu ndi Santuzza kuchokera ku Rural Honor! Björling ndi wojambula yemwe ali ndi malingaliro otukuka bwino, mgwirizano wamkati wathunthu, ndipo woyimba wotchuka waku Sweden adabweretsa chidwi chaluso, kamvekedwe kake kofotokozera kachitidwe ka ku Italiya komwe kumatsindika kwambiri kukhudzika kwake.

Liwu lomwelo la Björling (komanso liwu la Kirsten Flagstad) lili ndi mthunzi wodabwitsa wowoneka bwino, womwe umadziwika ndi malo akumpoto, nyimbo za Grieg ndi Sibelius. Kukongola kofewa kumeneku kunapatsa chidwi chapadera ndi mzimu wa cantilena wa ku Italy, nyimbo zanyimbo zomwe Björling adazimveketsa ndi kukongola kwamatsenga.

Yuhin Jonatan Björling adabadwa pa February 2, 1911 ku Stora Tuna m'banja loimba. Abambo ake, David Björling, ndi woimba wodziwika bwino, womaliza maphunziro a Vienna Conservatory. Bamboyo analota kuti ana ake Olle, Jussi ndi Yesta adzakhala oimba. Chifukwa chake, Jussi adalandira maphunziro ake oyamba oyimba kuchokera kwa abambo ake. Yafika nthawi yomwe mkazi wamasiye woyamba David adaganiza zotengera ana ake aamuna ku siteji ya konsati kuti adyetse banja lake, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo adziwitse anyamata nyimbo. Bambo ake adakonza gulu loyimba la banja lotchedwa Björling Quartet, momwe Jussi wamng'ono adayimba gawo la soprano.

Anayiwa adachita m'matchalitchi, makalabu, mabungwe a maphunziro m'dziko lonselo. Ma concerts awa anali sukulu yabwino kwa oimba amtsogolo - anyamata kuyambira ali aang'ono adazolowera kudziona ngati ojambula. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, pofika nthawi ya sewero la quartet, pali zojambulidwa za Jussi, wazaka zisanu ndi zinayi, zomwe zinapangidwa mu 1920. Ndipo anayamba kujambula mokhazikika kuyambira ali ndi zaka 18.

Zaka ziwiri bambo ake asanamwalire, Jussi ndi azichimwene ake ankafunika kuchita ntchito zachilendo asanakwaniritse cholinga chawo chokhala oimba mwaluso. Patatha zaka ziwiri, Jussi adatha kulowa mu Royal Academy of Music ku Stockholm, m'kalasi ya D. Forsel, yemwe anali mtsogoleri wa nyumba ya opera.

Patapita chaka, mu 1930, ntchito yoyamba ya Jussi inachitika pa siteji ya Stockholm Opera House. Woimbayo wachinyamatayo adayimba gawo la Don Ottavio mu Don Giovanni wa Mozart ndipo adachita bwino kwambiri. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, Björling anapitiriza maphunziro ake ku Royal Opera School ndi mphunzitsi wa ku Italy Tullio Voger. Patatha chaka chimodzi, Björling adakhala woyimba yekha ndi Stockholm Opera House.

Kuyambira 1933, kutchuka kwa woimba waluso kufalikira ku Europe konse. Izi zimayendetsedwa ndi maulendo ake opambana ku Copenhagen, Helsinki, Oslo, Prague, Vienna, Dresden, Paris, Florence. Kulandiridwa mwachidwi kwa wojambula wa ku Sweden kunakakamiza oyang'anira malo owonetserako zisudzo m'mizinda ingapo kuti awonjezere zisudzo ndi kutenga nawo gawo. Wotsogolera wotchuka Arturo Toscanini adayitana woimbayo ku Chikondwerero cha Salzburg mu 1937, kumene wojambulayo adagwira ntchito ya Don Ottavio.

M'chaka chomwecho, Björling anachita bwino ku USA. Pambuyo pa sewero la solo mumzinda wa Springfield (Massachusetts), manyuzipepala ambiri adabweretsa nkhani za konsatiyi patsamba loyamba.

Malinga ndi akatswiri a mbiri ya zisudzo, Björling adakhala tenor wocheperako yemwe Metropolitan Opera adasaina pangano kuti azitsogolera. Pa November 24, Jussi adakwera pa siteji ya Metropolitan kwa nthawi yoyamba, ndikupanga kuwonekera kwake ndi phwando la opera "La Bohème". Ndipo pa December 2, wojambulayo adayimba gawo la Manrico ku Il trovatore. Komanso, malinga ndi otsutsa, ndi "kukongola kwapadera ndi nzeru", zomwe zinakopa anthu a ku America nthawi yomweyo. Kumeneko kunali kupambana kwenikweni kwa Björling.

VV Timokhin akulemba kuti: “Björling adayamba kuwonekera pa siteji ya Covent Garden Theatre ku London mu 1939 popanda kuchita bwino, ndipo nyengo ya 1940/41 ku Metropolitan idatsegulidwa ndi sewero la Un ballo mu maschera, momwe wojambulayo adayimba gawo la Richard. Mwamwambo, oyang'anira zisudzo amayitanitsa oimba omwe amakonda kwambiri omvera kutsegulira kwa nyengoyi. Ponena za opera ya Verdi yomwe yatchulidwa, idachitika komaliza ku New York pafupifupi kotala la zaka zana zapitazo! Mu 1940, Björling anachita kwa nthawi yoyamba pa siteji ya San Francisco Opera (Un ballo mu maschera ndi La bohème).

Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, ntchito za woimbayo zinali ku Sweden kokha. Kumayambiriro kwa 1941, akuluakulu a boma la Germany, podziwa maganizo a Björling odana ndi fascist, anamukaniza visa yodutsa ku Germany, yofunikira paulendo wopita ku United States; ndiye ulendo wake ku Vienna unathetsedwa, chifukwa iye anakana kuimba mu German mu "La Boheme" ndi "Rigoletto". Björling anachita maulendo angapo m’makonsati okonzedwa ndi bungwe la International Red Cross mokomera anthu amene anazunzidwa ndi chipani cha Nazi, motero anatchuka mwapadera ndi kuyamikiridwa ndi zikwi za omvera.

Omvera ambiri adadziwa ntchito ya mbuye waku Sweden chifukwa cha kujambula. Kuyambira 1938 wakhala akujambula nyimbo za ku Italy m'chinenero choyambirira. Pambuyo pake, wojambulayo akuimba ndi pafupifupi ufulu wofanana mu Chitaliyana, Chifalansa, Chijeremani ndi Chingerezi: pa nthawi yomweyo, kukongola kwa mawu, luso la mawu, kulondola kwa mawu omveka sikumupereka konse. Nthawi zambiri, Björling anasonkhezera omvera makamaka mothandizidwa ndi mawu ake olemera kwambiri a timbre ndi osinthasintha modabwitsa, pafupifupi osagwiritsa ntchito manja ochititsa chidwi ndi maonekedwe a nkhope pa siteji.

Zaka za pambuyo pa nkhondo zinadziwika ndi kuwuka kwatsopano kwa talente yamphamvu ya wojambulayo, kumubweretsera zizindikiro zatsopano za kuzindikira. Amayimba m'nyumba zazikulu kwambiri za opera padziko lapansi, amapereka makonsati ambiri.

Kotero, mu nyengo ya 1945/46, woimbayo amaimba pa Metropolitan, amapita ku siteji ya nyumba za opera ku Chicago ndi San Francisco. Ndiyeno kwa zaka khumi ndi zisanu, malo awa American Opera nthawi zonse amakhala ndi wojambula wotchuka. Ku Metropolitan Theatre kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, nyengo zitatu zokha zadutsa popanda kutengapo mbali kwa Björling.

Kukhala wotchuka, Björling sanaphwanyike, komabe, ndi mzinda wake, anapitiriza kuchita nthawi zonse pa Stockholm siteji. Apa sanawonekere m'gulu lake lachi Italiya lodziwika bwino, komanso adachita zambiri kulimbikitsa ntchito ya oimba a ku Sweden, omwe adachita mu zisudzo za The Bride ndi T. Rangstrom, Fanal ndi K. Atterberg, Engelbrecht ndi N. Berg.

Kukongola ndi mphamvu ya nyimbo zake zochititsa chidwi, kuyera kwa mawu, mawu omveka bwino komanso matchulidwe abwino m'zinenero zisanu ndi chimodzi zakhala zodziwika bwino. Zina mwazopambana kwambiri za wojambula, choyamba, ndi maudindo mu masewero a nyimbo za ku Italy - kuchokera ku classics kupita ku verists: The Barber of Seville ndi William Tell ndi Rossini; "Rigoletto", "La Traviata", "Aida", "Trovatore" ndi Verdi; "Tosca", "Cio-Cio-San", "Turandot" ndi Puccini; "Clowns" ndi Leoncavallo; Kumidzi Honor Mascagni. Koma pamodzi ndi izi, iye ndi Belmont wabwino kwambiri mu The Abduction from the Seraglio ndi Tamino mu The Magic Flute, Florestan ku Fidelio, Lensky ndi Vladimir Igorevich, Faust mu opera ya Gounod. Mwachidule, zopanga za Björling ndizokulirapo ngati mawu ake amphamvu. Mu repertoire yake pali magawo opitilira makumi anayi, adalemba zolemba zambirimbiri. Mu zoimbaimba, Yussi Björling nthawi ndi abale ake, amenenso anakhala odziwika bwino ojambula zithunzi, ndipo nthawi zina ndi mkazi wake luso woimba Anne-Lisa Berg.

Ntchito yabwino ya Björling inathera pachimake. Zizindikiro za matenda a mtima zinayamba kuonekera m'ma 50s, koma wojambulayo adayesetsa kuti asawazindikire. Mu March 1960, adadwala matenda a mtima pamasewero a London a La bohème; chiwonetserocho chinayenera kuthetsedwa. Komabe, atangochira, Jussi adawonekeranso pasiteji patatha theka la ola ndipo operayo itatha adalandira chisangalalo chosaneneka.

Madokotala anaumirira chithandizo cha nthawi yaitali. Björling anakana kusiya ntchito, mu June chaka chomwecho adajambula komaliza - Verdi's Requiem.

Pa August 9, iye anapereka konsati ku Gothenburg, amene ankayenera kukhala ntchito yomaliza ya woimba wamkulu. Arias ochokera ku Lohengrin, Onegin, Manon Lesko, nyimbo za Alven ndi Sibelius zinachitidwa. Björling anamwalira patatha milungu isanu pa September 1960, XNUMX.

Woimbayo analibe nthawi yoti akwaniritse zolinga zake zambiri. Kale mu kugwa, wojambulayo anali akukonzekera kutenga nawo mbali pa kukonzanso kwa opera ya Puccini Manon Lescaut pa siteji ya Metropolitan. Mu likulu la Italy, anali kupita kukamaliza kujambula kwa gawo la Richard ku Un ballo mu maschera. Sanalembepo gawo la Romeo mu opera ya Gounod.