Momwe mungapangire magawo osiyanasiyana mu kiyi iliyonse?

Lero tikambirana momwe tingapangire magawo amtundu uliwonse: zazikulu kapena zazing'ono. Choyamba muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti ndi nthawi ziti zomwe zimakhala nthawi zonse, momwe zimawonekera komanso momwe zimapangidwira.

Choyamba, mipata yodziwika ndi mipata, ndiko kuti, kuphatikiza kwa mawu awiri munyimbo kapena mogwirizana. Pali intervals osiyana: koyera, ang'onoang'ono, lalikulu, etc. Pankhaniyi, tidzakhala ndi chidwi kuchuluka ndi utachepa intervals, ndicho masekondi kuchuluka ndi wachisanu, utachepa chachisanu ndi chiwiri ndi chachinayi (pali anayi okha, iwo n'zosavuta kwambiri. kukumbukira -).

Izi zimatchedwa khalidwe chifukwa zimangowoneka mu harmonic zazikulu kapena zazing'ono chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka ndi kuchepa kwa "makhalidwe" a mitundu iyi ya zazikulu ndi zazing'ono. Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani? Monga mukudziwira, mu harmonic yaikulu digiri yachisanu ndi chimodzi imatsitsidwa, ndipo mu harmonic yaing'ono yachisanu ndi chiwiri imakwezedwa.

Kotero, muzochitika zilizonse zinayi, phokoso limodzi (lotsika kapena lapamwamba) lidzakhaladi "makhalidwe" awa (VI otsika, ngati ali aakulu, kapena VII apamwamba, ngati tili aang'ono).

Kodi kupanga makhalidwe intervals?

Tsopano tiyeni tipite ku funso la momwe tingapangire magawo ang'onoang'ono kapena akuluakulu. Izi zimachitika mophweka kwambiri. Choyamba muyenera kulingalira fungulo lomwe mukufuna, lembani, ngati n'koyenera, zizindikiro zake zazikulu, ndikuwerengera kuti "khalidwe" liri pano. Ndiyeno mukhoza kusuntha m'njira ziwiri.

Njira yoyamba zimachokera ku axiom yotsatirayi: . Onani momwe zimagwirira ntchito.

Chitsanzo 1. Makhalidwe apakati pa C zazikulu ndi C zazing'ono

 Chitsanzo 2. Makhalidwe apakati pa F zazikulu ndi F zazing'ono

Chitsanzo 3. Makhalidwe apakati pa A zazikulu ndi zazing'ono

 M'zitsanzo zonsezi, tikuwona bwino momwe mitundu yonse ya masekondi owonjezereka ndi kuchepa kwachinayi kwenikweni "kuzungulira" pa sitepe yathu yamatsenga (Ndikukumbutsani kuti chachikulu "sitepe yamatsenga" ndi yachisanu ndi chimodzi, ndipo yaying'ono ndi yachisanu ndi chiwiri). Muchitsanzo choyamba, masitepewa akuwunikidwa ndi chikhomo chachikasu.

Njira yachiwiri - komanso njira: ingopangani magawo ofunikira pamasitepe ofunikira, makamaka popeza tikudziwa kale mawu amodzi. Pankhani iyi, chizindikirochi chidzakuthandizani kwambiri (ndikofunikira kuchijambula mu kope lanu):

 Pali chinsinsi chimodzi chomwe chizindikirochi chimatha kukumbukira mosavuta. Pitilizani: zazikulu, zonse zochulukira intervals amamangidwa pa mlingo watsitsidwa wachisanu ndi chimodzi; Pang'ono pang'ono, magawo onse otsika amamangidwa pachisanu ndi chiwiri chokwera!

Kodi chinsinsi chimenechi chingatithandize bwanji? Choyamba, tikudziwa kale kuti ndi magawo ati awiri mwa magawo anayi omwe amamangidwa (mwina awiri ocheperapo - chachinayi ndi chachisanu ndi chiwiri, kapena awiri owonjezera - chachisanu ndi chachiwiri).

Kachiwiri, titapanga magawo awiriwa (mwachitsanzo, onse awonjezeka), timangopeza magawo awiri amtundu wina (zonse zidachepa) - timangofunika "kutembenukira pansi" zomwe tamanga.

Ndichoncho chifukwa chiyani? Inde, chifukwa mipata ina imasandulika kukhala ina molingana ndi mfundo yowunikira kalirole: sekondi imasandulika kukhala yachisanu ndi chiwiri, yachinayi kukhala yachisanu, yocheperako ikasinthidwa imachulukitsidwa ndipo mosinthanitsa… Musandikhulupirire? Dziwoneni nokha!

Chitsanzo 4. Makhalidwe apakati pa D zazikulu ndi D zazing'ono

Chitsanzo 5. Makhalidwe apakati pa G wamkulu ndi G wamng'ono

 Kodi kagawo kakang'ono kamatha bwanji mu zazikulu ndi zazing'ono?

Maonekedwe a ma consonance ndi osakhazikika ndipo amafunikira kusintha koyenera kukhala makonsoni okhazikika. Lamulo losavuta likugwira ntchito apa: ndi kusintha kwa tonic, kuwonjezeka kwapakatiMiyezo iyenera kuwonjezeredwa, ndipo kuchepa kuyenera kuchepetsedwa.

 Pamenepa, phokoso lililonse losakhazikika limangosintha kukhala lapafupi lokhazikika. Ndipo m'malo angapo₅-moyo₄ kawirikawiri, phokoso limodzi lokha (gawo "lokondweretsa") liyenera kuthetsedwa, popeza phokoso lachiwiri pazigawozi ndi sitepe yachitatu yokhazikika yomwe imakhalabe. Ndipo masitepe athu "okondweretsa" nthawi zonse amathetsedwa mofanana: chachisanu ndi chimodzi chotsika chimakhala chachisanu, ndipo chachisanu ndi chiwiri chokwera mpaka choyamba.

Likukhalira kuti Sekondi yowonjezereka imathetsedwa kukhala chachinayi changwiro, ndipo yachisanu ndi chiwiri yocheperako imathetsedwa kukhala gawo lachisanu langwiro; chachisanu chowonjezereka, chikuwonjezeka, chimadutsa muchigawo chachikulu chachisanu ndi chimodzi chikathetsedwa, ndipo chachinayi chocheperako, chocheperako, chimadutsa muchitatu chaching'ono.

Chitsanzo 6. Makhalidwe apakati pa E yaikulu ndi E yaying'ono

Chitsanzo 7. Makhalidwe apakati pa B zazikulu ndi B zazing'ono

Zokambirana za nthawi zoziziritsazi zitha, ndithudi, kupitilira mpaka kalekale, koma tiyima pamenepo. Ndingowonjezera mawu ena angapo: musasokoneze mawonekedwe ndi ma tritones. Inde, zowonadi, ma tritones achiwiri amawonekera mumitundu yolumikizana (pawiri ya uv₄ ndi malingaliro₅ ilinso mu diatonic), komabe, timaganizira ma tritone padera. Mutha kuwerenga zambiri za newts pano.

Ndikulakalaka mutachita bwino pophunzira nyimbo! Pangani lamulo: ngati mumakonda zinthuzo, gawanani ndi mnzanu pogwiritsa ntchito mabatani ochezera!