Jacques Ibert (Jacques Ibert) |

Jacques Ibert

Jacques Ibert (dzina lonse Jacques Francois Antoine Ibert, August 15, 1890, Paris - February 5, 1962, Paris) anali wolemba nyimbo wa ku France.

Iber anabadwira kwa Antoine Ibert, wogulitsa, ndi Marguerite Lartigue, msuweni wachiwiri wa Manuel de Falla. Ali ndi zaka zinayi, anayamba kuphunzira kuimba violin ndi piyano motsogoleredwa ndi amayi ake. Ali ndi zaka khumi ndi ziwiri, adawerenga buku la mgwirizano wa Reber ndi Dubois, anayamba kulemba ma waltzes ang'onoang'ono ndi nyimbo. Atamaliza sukulu, adapeza ntchito yoyang'anira nyumba yosungiramo katundu kuti azithandiza bambo ake, omwe panthaŵiyo bizinesi yawo sinali bwino. Mobisa kuchokera kwa makolo ake, adaphunzira payekha solfeggio ndi chiphunzitso cha nyimbo, komanso adapita ku makalasi ochita masewera a Paul Moonet. Mune analangiza mnyamatayo kusankha ntchito ngati wosewera, koma makolo a Iber sanagwirizane ndi lingaliro ili, ndipo anaganiza zodzipereka yekha ku nyimbo.

Mu 1910, pa uphungu wa Manuel de Falla, Iber anafunsira ku Paris Conservatoire ndipo adaloledwa kukhala "womvera", ndipo patatha chaka chimodzi - kuti aphunzire mokwanira m'makalasi a counterpoint André Gedalge, mogwirizana - Emile Pessar. , kupanga ndi kuyimba - Paul Vidal. Ena mwa anzake a m'kalasi anali oimba otchuka Arthur Honegger ndi Darius Milhaud. Ibert ankapeza ndalama zophunzirira payekha, kusewera piyano m'makanema aku Montmartre, ndikupanga nyimbo za pop ndi zovina (zina zomwe zidasindikizidwa pansi pa dzina loti William Bertie).

Pamene nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse inayamba, Iber, yemwe sanali woyenera kulowa usilikali chifukwa cha thanzi, anapita kunkhondo mu November 1914 monga wadongosolo. Mu 1916, anadwala typhus ndipo anakakamizika kubwerera kumbuyo. Kwa kanthawi kochepa, adalowa m'gulu la New Young oimba omwe adapangidwa ndi Eric Satie ndipo amatenga nawo mbali m'makonsati angapo ndi Georges Auric, Louis Duray ndi Arthur Honegger. Patatha chaka chimodzi, Iber analowa m’gulu la asilikali apamadzi, kumene posakhalitsa analandira udindo wa mkulu wa asilikali ndipo anatumikira ku Dunkirk kwa zaka zingapo. Mu October 1919, osati demobilized, Iber amatenga nawo mbali mu mpikisano wa "Rome Prize" ndi cantata "Wolemba ndakatulo ndi Fairy" ndipo nthawi yomweyo amalandira Grand Prix, yomwe imamulola kukhala ku Rome kwa zaka zitatu. M'chaka chomwecho, Ibert anakwatira Rosette Weber, mwana wamkazi wa wojambula Jean Weber. Mu February 1920, banjali linasamukira ku Rome, kumene woimbayo analemba ntchito yaikulu yoyamba ya oimba - "The Ballad of Reading Prison" potengera ndakatulo ya dzina lomwelo la Oscar Wilde. Nthawi ya Aroma ya zilandiridwenso zikuphatikizapo opera "Perseus ndi Andromeda", suites "History" kwa limba ndi "Seaports" kwa oimba. Kusuntha kosalekeza komanso mwangozi kokha kunapangitsa kuti mu 1920 wotsutsa nyimbo Henri Collet, "kuwerengera" oimba achichepere, sanaphatikizepo Jacques Ibert m'gulu lodziwika bwino komanso lofalitsidwa kwambiri la "Six".

Mu 1923, wolemba anabwerera ku Paris, kumene iye anali wokangalika monga wopeka, komanso anaphunzitsa kuyimba pa Universal School. Zaka zitatu pambuyo pake, Iber amagula nyumba yazaka za zana la XNUMX ku Normandy, komwe amakhala miyezi ingapo pachaka, akufuna kuti achoke mumzindawu. M'nyumba iyi adzalenga nyimbo zake zodziwika kwambiri: Divertimento kwa oimba, opera Mfumu Yveto, ballet Knight Errant ndi ena.

Chaka cha 1927 chinadziwika ndi maonekedwe a opera "Angelica", yomwe inachitikira ku Paris ndikubweretsa wolemba wake kutchuka padziko lonse lapansi. M'zaka zotsatira, Iber anagwira ntchito kwambiri pa nyimbo za zisudzo ndi mafilimu, amene Don Quixote (1932) ndi Fyodor Chaliapin pa udindo udindo anaonekera. Wolembayo amalenganso nyimbo zingapo za orchestra, kuphatikizapo Sea Symphony, zomwe, malinga ndi chifuniro chake, siziyenera kuchitidwa mpaka imfa yake.

Mu 1933-1936, Iber analemba Flute Concerto ndi Chamber Concertino kwa Saxophone, komanso ma ballet awiri akuluakulu ndi kuimba (olamulidwa ndi Ida Rubinstein): Diana wa Poitiers ndi Knight Errant. Amapanga ulendo waukulu ku Ulaya, amachita ndi ntchito zake monga wotsogolera, amatsogolera kupanga koyamba kwa "King Yveto" ku Düsseldorf. Pamodzi ndi Honegger, opera "Eaglet" ikupangidwa.

Mu 1937, Iber analandira udindo wa mkulu wa French Academy ku Rome (kwa nthawi yoyamba kuyambira 1666, udindo uwu anaikidwa woimba). Anatembenukiranso ku ntchito limodzi ndi Honegger: operetta "Baby Cardinal", yomwe inachitikira ku Paris, inali yopambana kwambiri.

Kuyambira pachiyambi cha Nkhondo Yadziko II, Ibert anali Naval Attaché ku Embassy ya France ku Rome. Pa June 10, dziko la Italy linaloŵerera m’nkhondoyo, ndipo tsiku lotsatira, Iber ndi banja lake anachoka ku Roma pa sitima yaukazembe yaukazembe.

Mu August 1940, Ibert anachotsedwa, ndi lamulo lapadera la boma la Vichy, dzina lake linachotsedwa pa mndandanda wa asilikali apamadzi, ndipo ntchito zake zinali zoletsedwa. Kwa zaka zinayi zotsatira, Iber ankakhala m'malo ovomerezeka, akupitiriza kulemba (mu 1942 anamaliza maphunziro a String Quartet, omwe adayamba zaka zisanu zapitazo). Mu October 1942, Iber anasamukira ku Switzerland, kumene anayamba kukhala ndi matenda aakulu (sepsis).

Pambuyo pa kumasulidwa kwa Paris mu August 1944, Ibert anabwerera ku France. Kuyambira 1945 mpaka 1947, woimbayo adatsogoleranso French Academy ku Rome. Iber amalembanso nyimbo zopanga zisudzo ndi mafilimu, ma ballet, amapanga nyimbo zake.

Kuyambira m'ma 1950, Iber adayamba kukumana ndi zovuta zamtima, zomwe zidamupangitsa kuti asiye kuchita nawo konsati ndi kuphunzitsa. Mu 1960 woimbayo anasamuka ku Rome kupita ku Paris.

Iber anamwalira pa February 5, 1962 chifukwa cha matenda a mtima. M'zaka zomaliza za moyo wake, iye anagwira ntchito pa Symphony Yachiwiri, amene anakhalabe osamalizidwa. Wolemba nyimboyo aikidwa m'manda a Passy.

Ntchito ya Iber imaphatikiza zinthu za neoclassical ndi zowoneka bwino: kumveka bwino komanso kuyanjana kwa mawonekedwe, ufulu wanyimbo, nyimbo zosinthika, zida zokongola. Iber ndi katswiri wazosewerera nyimbo, nthabwala yopepuka.

Zolemba:

machitidwe - Perseus ndi Andromeda (positi 1923. 1929, tr "Grand Opera", Paris), Gonzago (1929, Monte Carlo; 1935, tr "Opera comic", Paris), King Yveto (1930, ulendo "Opera Comic", Paris), Eaglet (kutengera sewero la dzina lomwelo la E. Rostand, pamodzi ndi A. Honegger, 1937, Monte Carlo); ballet - Kukumana (zopambana zidapangidwa pamaziko a piano suite, 1925, Grand Opera, Paris), Diane de Poitiers (choreography ndi M. Fokine, 1934, ibid.), Love Adventures of Jupiter (1946, "Tr Champs Elysees, Paris), Knight Errant (yochokera ku Cervantes 'Don Quixote, nyimbo zochokera ku filimu Don Quixote, choreography ndi S. Lifar, 1950, Grand Opera, Paris), Kupambana kwa Kudzisunga (1955, Chicago); alireza - Baby Cardinal (pamodzi ndi Honegger, 1938, tr "Buff-Parisien", Paris); kwa oimba solo, kwaya ndi okhestra - cantata (1919), Elizabethan suite (1944); za orchestra - Khrisimasi ku Picardy (1914), Harbors (3 symphonic zojambula: Rome - Palermo, Tunisia - Nephia, Valencia, 1922), Enchanting Scherzo (1925), Divertimento (1930), Suite Paris (1932), Festive Overture (1942) , Orgy (1956); kwa zida ndi okhestra - Concerto symphony (ya oboe ndi zingwe, 1948), makonsati (wa chitoliro, 1934; mimbulu ndi zida zamphepo, 1925), Chamber concertino (ya saxophone, 1935); ma ensembles a chipinda - atatu (za skr., wlch. ndi zeze, 1940), quartet ya chingwe (1943), mphepo quintet, ndi zina zotero; zidutswa za piyano, limba, gitala; nyimbo; nyimbo ndi machitidwe sewero la sewero - "The Straw Hat" lolemba Labish (1929), "Julayi 14" lolemba Rolland (pamodzi ndi oimba ena achi French, 1936), "A Midsummer Night's Dream" lolemba Shakespeare (1942), ndi zina .; nyimbo za mafilimu, kuphatikizapo. Don Quixote (ndi kutengapo gawo kwa FI Chaliapin); nyimbo zamawayilesi - The Tragedy of Doctor Faust (1942), Bluebeard (1943), etc.