Janis Andreevich Ivanov (Jānis Ivanovs) |

Janis Ivanovs

Pakati pa omwe adayambitsa symphony ya Soviet, amodzi mwa malo odziwika bwino amakhala ndi Y. Ivanov. Dzina lake limagwirizana ndi mapangidwe ndi kukula kwa symphony ya ku Latvia, yomwe adapereka pafupifupi moyo wake wonse wolenga. Cholowa cha Ivanov ndi chosiyana ndi mitundu: pamodzi ndi ma symphonies, adapanga mapulogalamu angapo a symphonic (ndakatulo, mawotchi, ndi zina zotero), ma concerto a 1936, ndakatulo 3 za kwaya ndi oimba, magulu angapo a chipinda (kuphatikizapo quartets 2, trio ya piano). ), nyimbo za piyano (sonatas, kusiyanasiyana, kuzungulira "Twenty-Four Sketches"), nyimbo, nyimbo zamakanema. Koma mu symphony kuti Ivanov anafotokoza momveka bwino komanso mokwanira. M'lingaliro limeneli, umunthu wolenga wa wolembayo uli pafupi kwambiri ndi N. Myaskovsky. Luso la Ivanov linakula kwa nthawi yaitali, pang'onopang'ono kusintha ndikupeza mbali zatsopano. Mfundo zaluso zinakhazikitsidwa pamaziko a miyambo yakale ya ku Ulaya ndi ku Russia, yolimbikitsidwa ndi chiyambi cha dziko, kudalira nthano za ku Latvia.

Mumtima mwa woimbayo, mbadwa yake ya Latgale, dziko la nyanja za buluu, kumene anabadwira m'banja losauka, limasindikizidwa kosatha. Zithunzi za Motherland pambuyo pake zinakhala ndi moyo mu Sixth ("Latgale") Symphony (1949), imodzi mwa zabwino kwambiri mu cholowa chake. Ali unyamata, Ivanov anakakamizika kukhala wogwira ntchito m'mafamu, koma chifukwa cha khama ndi kudzipereka anatha kulowa Riga Conservatory, kumene anamaliza maphunziro ake mu 1933 mu kalasi yolemba ndi J. Vitols ndi m'kalasi yochititsa ndi G. Shnefogt. Wolemba nyimboyo adapereka mphamvu zambiri pazochitika zamaphunziro ndi zophunzitsa. Kwa zaka pafupifupi 30 (mpaka 1961) ankagwira ntchito pa wailesi, pambuyo pa nkhondo, iye anatsogolera utsogoleri wa nyimbo kuwulutsa Republic. Chopereka cha Ivanov pa maphunziro a oimba achichepere ku Latvia ndi ofunika kwambiri. Kuchokera m’kalasi lake la maphunziro achipembedzo, limene anaphunzitsa kuyambira mu 1944, akatswiri ambiri a nyimbo za ku Latvia anatuluka: pakati pawo anali J. Karlone, O. Gravitis, R. Pauls ndi ena.

Njira yonse ya moyo wa Ivanov inatsimikiziridwa ndi njira za kulenga, kumene ma symphonies ake adakhala ofunika kwambiri. Monga ma symphonies a D. Shostakovich, amatha kutchedwa "chronicle of the era". Nthawi zambiri woimbayo amalowetsamo zinthu zadongosolo - amafotokozera mwatsatanetsatane (Chachisanu ndi chimodzi), mitu ya kuzungulira kapena zigawo zake (Chachinayi, "Atlantis" - 1941; Chakhumi ndi chiwiri, "Sinfonia energica" - 1967; Chakhumi ndi chitatu, "Symphonia humana" - 1969), amasinthasintha mawonekedwe amtundu wa symphony (chakhumi ndi chinayi, "Sinfonia da kamera" pazingwe - 1971; chakhumi ndi chitatu, pa st. Z. Purvs, ndikutengapo gawo kwa owerenga, ndi zina zotero), amakonzanso mawonekedwe ake amkati . Chiyambi cha kalembedwe ka Ivanov kamene kali ndi kalembedwe kake kamene kamakhudza kwambiri nyimbo yake yotakata, yomwe inayambira mu nyimbo yachi Latvian, komanso ili pafupi ndi nyimbo za Slavic.

Symphonism ya mbuye waku Latvia imakhala yochuluka: monga ya Myaskovsky, imaphatikizapo nthambi zonse za symphony ya ku Russia - epic ndi zozizwitsa. Kumayambiriro kwa ntchito za Ivanov, kukongola kwakukulu, mtundu wanyimbo, m'kupita kwa nthawi, kalembedwe kake kakula kwambiri ndi mikangano, masewero, kufika kumapeto kwa njira yophweka komanso nzeru zanzeru. Dziko la nyimbo za Ivanov ndi lolemera komanso losiyanasiyana: apa pali zithunzi za chilengedwe, zojambula za tsiku ndi tsiku, mawu ndi zoopsa. Mwana weniweni wa anthu ake, wolemba nyimboyo analabadira ndi mtima wonse chisoni chawo ndi chimwemwe chawo. Imodzi mwa malo ofunikira kwambiri pa ntchito ya wolembayo imakhala ndi mutu wamba. Kale mu 1941, iye anali woyamba mu Latvia kuchitapo kanthu pa zochitika za nkhondo ndi symphony-nthano "Atlantis", ndipo kenako anazama mutu uwu mu Fifth (1945) makamaka mu symphonies yachisanu ndi chinayi (1960). Ivanov adakhalanso mpainiya pakuwululidwa kwa mutu wa Leninist, kupereka Symphony Yakhumi ndi Yachitatu ku chikondwerero cha 100 cha mtsogoleriyo. Wolembayo nthawi zonse amakhala ndi udindo, udindo waukulu wa tsogolo la anthu ake, omwe adatumikira mokhulupirika osati ndi luso lokha, komanso ndi zochitika zake. Pamene pa May 3, 1984, nyimbo ya Twenty-First Symphony ya wolemba nyimboyo, yomalizidwa ndi wophunzira wa Ivanov J. Karlsons, inachitika ku Riga, inawonedwa ngati umboni wa wojambula wamkulu, “nkhani yake yomaliza yowona mtima ponena za nthaŵi ndi za iye mwini.”

G. Zhdanova