Chinsinsi. Matoni akuluakulu.

Chingakuthandizeni chiyani ngati mukufuna kuyimba nyimbo pamwamba kapena pansi pa choyambirira?

Mu mutu wapitawu, tinaphunzira sikelo yaikulu. Mu zitsanzo za nkhani yapitayi, cholemba chotsika kwambiri ndi C. Ndi tonic, yomwe zolemba zina zonse za sikelo yaikulu zinamangidwa. M'malo mwake, pamlingo waukulu, zilibe kanthu kuti ndi cholemba chotani chomwe mwatenga ngati maziko (cholemba chomwe chidzakhala chothandizira). Chinthu chachikulu ndikusunga nthawi yoyenera pakati pa masitepe (afotokozedwanso m'mutu wapitawo). Mwachitsanzo, tiyeni tipange sikelo yayikulu kuchokera pa cholemba "sol".

Chithunzi 1. Mulingo waukulu kuchokera pa cholemba "sol"

Chonde dziwani kuti kuti tisunge nthawi yoyenera pakati pa zolemba, tinakakamizika kugwiritsa ntchito cholemba F-charp (chomaliza pachithunzichi), popeza pali sekondi yayikulu (toni yonse) pakati pa madigiri VI ndi VII.

Mfungulo

Mu chitsanzo chathu, tinatenga cholemba "mchere" monga maziko (tonic). Titha kunena kuti mawonekedwe athu ali pamtunda wa "mchere". Iwo ndi kutalika za nkhawa zomwe zimatchedwa mawu " zabwino “. Dzina la kiyi lili ndi mawu awiri: tonic + fret. Tonic yathu ndi cholemba "sol", ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndiakulu. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwathu kumatchedwa "G Major". M'nkhani yapitayi, tidapanga sikelo yayikulu kuchokera pacholemba "mpaka", zomwe zikutanthauza kuti tidagwiritsa ntchito kiyi "C yayikulu".

Kufotokozera tonic m'dzina la tonality, kutchulidwa kwa kalata kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kutanthauza liwu loti "wamkulu", mwina liwu loti "dur" kapena liwu loti "maj" amagwiritsidwa ntchito, kapena kutchula wamkulu nthawi zambiri samasiyidwa. Iwo. C yaikulu ingasonyezedwe motere: "C-dur", "C-maj" kapena mophweka "C" (ngati tilemba kalata yokha, ndiye kuti nthawi zonse pakhale chilembo chachikulu chokha). G major angatchulidwe mofananamo: "G-dur", "G-maj", kapena "G". Kumbukirani kuti kalata yolemba "do" ndi "C", ndipo "sol" ndi "G" (izi ndizomwe zili mu gawo la "Notation of Music").

Chifukwa chiyani pali ma toni osiyanasiyana? Chilichonse ndi chophweka ndipo, chofunika kwambiri, ndichosavuta. Tiyeni titenge chitsanzo chimodzi. Kumbukirani kuti tonality ndiye mlingo wa sikelo. Tsopano tinene kuti mukufuna kuyimba nyimbo. Koma inu simuli “omasuka” kuchita izo, chifukwa. Simufikira zolemba zina ndi mawu anu - ndizokwera kwambiri. Palibe vuto. Sewerani nyimboyo ndi kiyi yotsika - zolemba zonse za nyimboyo zidzakhala zochepa kwambiri. Tiyeni titenge nyimbo yomweyi mumakiyi osiyanasiyana monga chitsanzo. Nthawi yoyamba mu C major, kachiwiri mu G major:

Chidutswa cha "Song of Friends" kuchokera ku zojambula "The Bremen Town Oimba", C wamkulu:

Chithunzi 2. "Nyimbo ya Abwenzi" mu fungulo la C lalikulu

Tsopano chidutswa chomwecho, koma mu G chachikulu:

Chithunzi 3. "Nyimbo ya Abwenzi" mu kiyi ya G yaikulu

Mukuwona, mu G major nyimboyi ndi yokwera kuposa ya C yayikulu, ngakhale cholinga chake chimakhala chofanana.

Makiyi akulu

Kodi "tonality" ndi chiyani, tazindikira kale. Tiyeni titchule fungulo lalikulu kuti mawonekedwe, pakati pa masitepe omwe magawo amachitidwe akulu amawonedwa.

Tangoyang'ana makiyi C-dur ndi G-dur. Tinapanga makiyi awa kuchokera ku zolemba "do" ndi "mchere". Iwo anali zolimbikitsa. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti mwamtheradi cholemba chilichonse chingathe kukhala ngati tonic ya kiyi yaikulu: zonse zazikulu ndi zochokera. Iwo. tikhoza kupanga njira yaikulu, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera pa sitepe ya "D-sharp". Pankhaniyi, tonality yathu idzatchedwa "D-sharp major", kapena malinga ndi dongosolo la makalata "D #-dur".

Mitundu ya makiyi akuluakulu

Zachidziwikire, mwazindikira kuti mu kiyi ya G-maj, timagwiritsa ntchito cholemba "F-lakuthwa" m'malo mwa "fa". Iwo. kiyi iyi imagwiritsa ntchito digiri yokwezeka. Malingana ndi tonic yosankhidwa, makiyi akuluakulu angagwiritse ntchito chiwerengero chosiyana cha masitepe - zonse zokwezeka (nkhani yathu ndi G-maj) ndikutsitsa (yesani kupanga sikelo yayikulu kuchokera pa cholemba "fa" nokha). Kutengera ndi zomwe zachitika mwangozi, makiyi akulu amagawidwa  Lakuthwa ndi  lathyathyathya . Kiyi yokhayo ya C-dur sigwiritsa ntchito mwangozi, chifukwa chake siili yakuthwa kapena yosalala.

Pakati pa makiyi akuluakulu, pali makiyi akuthwa 7 (G, D, A, E, B, F #, C #) ndi makiyi 7 akuthwa (F, Bb, Eb, Ab, Db, Gb, Cb). Zizindikiro zakusintha makiyi amalembedwa pa kiyi (nthawi yomweyo fungulo). Timakumbukira kuti zotsatira za chizindikiro changozi cholembedwa ndi fungulo zimagwira ntchito ku ntchito yonse (pokhapokha, ndithudi, fungulo la ntchitoyo silinasinthidwe - tidzaphunziranso izi), kotero palibe chifukwa cholembera lakuthwa kapena lathyathyathya. kusaina nthawi zonse. Izi zimathandizira kujambula nyimbo komanso kuwerenga mosavuta.

Makiyi ogwirizana

Makiyi omwe amasiyana wina ndi mzake mu chizindikiro chimodzi chachikulu amatchedwa okhudzana . M'zitsanzo zathu m'nkhaniyi, tidagwiritsa ntchito makiyi okhudzana: C-dur ndi G-dur.

Results

Tathana ndi makiyi akuluakulu. Uwu ndi mutu wofunikira komanso wosavuta kumvetsetsa. Tikukhulupirira kuti mukumvetsa.