Zurab Lavrentievich Sotkilava |

Zurab Sotkilava

Dzina la woimba limadziwika lero kwa onse okonda zisudzo m'dziko lathu ndi kunja, kumene amayendera bwino nthawi zonse. Amakopeka ndi kukongola ndi mphamvu ya mawu, mkhalidwe wolemekezeka, luso lapamwamba, ndipo koposa zonse, kudzipatulira kwamalingaliro komwe kumatsagana ndi kuseŵera kulikonse kwa wojambula ponse paŵiri pabwalo la zisudzo ndi pabwalo la konsati.

Zurab Lavrentievich Sotkilava anabadwa pa March 12, 1937 ku Sukhumi. "Choyamba, ine ndiyenera kunena za majini: agogo anga ndi amayi ankaimba gitala ndi kuimba kwambiri," anatero Sotkilava. - Ndimakumbukira kuti adakhala mumsewu pafupi ndi nyumbayo, adaimba nyimbo zakale za Chijojiya, ndipo ndinaimba nawo limodzi. Sindinaganizepo za ntchito iliyonse yoimba panthawiyo kapena pambuyo pake. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, patapita zaka zambiri, bambo anga, omwe sadziwa nkomwe, anachirikiza ntchito zanga zopanga maopaleshoni, ndipo amayi anga, omwe amangokhalira kumveketsa mawu, ankatsutsa kwambiri zimenezo.

Ndipo komabe, muubwana, chikondi chachikulu cha Zurab sichinali kuimba, koma mpira. M’kupita kwa nthaŵi, anasonyeza maluso abwino. Analowa mu Sukhumi Dynamo, kumene ali ndi zaka 16 ankaonedwa ngati nyenyezi yomwe ikukwera. Sotkilava adasewera m'malo mwa mapiko, adalowa nawo kuukira kwambiri komanso bwino, akuthamanga mamita zana mumasekondi a 11!

Mu 1956, Zurab anakhala mkulu wa timu ya dziko Chijojiya ali ndi zaka 20. Patapita zaka ziwiri, iye analowa gulu lalikulu la "Dynamo Tbilisi". Chosaiwalika kwambiri kwa Sotkilava chinali masewera ndi Dynamo Moscow.

"Ndili wonyadira kuti ndinapita kumunda motsutsana ndi Lev Yashin mwiniwake," akukumbukira Sotkilava. - Tinadziwa bwino Lev Ivanovich, kale pamene ndinali woimba ndipo ndinali mabwenzi ndi Nikolai Nikolaevich Ozerov. Tonse tinapita ku Yashin kuchipatala pambuyo pa opaleshoni ... Pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha mlonda wamkulu, ndinatsimikizanso kuti pamene munthu wapindula kwambiri m'moyo, amakhala wodzichepetsa kwambiri. Ndipo tidataya masewerawa ndi chigoli cha 1:3.

Mwa njira, iyi inali masewera anga omaliza ku Dynamo. M'modzi mwamafunso, ndinanena kuti wosewera wa Muscovites Urin adandipanga kukhala woyimba, ndipo anthu ambiri adaganiza kuti adandipundula. Ayi ndithu! Anangondiposa. Koma linali theka la vutolo. Posakhalitsa tinanyamuka ulendo wa pandege kupita ku Yugoslavia, kumene ndinavulala ndipo ndinachoka m’gulu la asilikali. Mu 1959 anayesa kubwerera. Koma ulendo wopita ku Czechoslovakia unathetsa ntchito yanga ya mpira. Kumeneko ndinavulazidwanso kwambiri, ndipo patapita nthaŵi ndinachotsedwa ntchito . . .

… Mu 58, nditasewera ku Dinamo Tbilisi, ndinabwera kunyumba ku Sukhumi kwa sabata imodzi. Nthaŵi ina, woimba limba Valeria Razumovskaya, amene nthaŵi zonse ankasirira mawu anga ndi kunena amene m’kupita kwanthaŵi ndidzakhala, analankhula ndi makolo anga. Panthaŵiyo mawu akewo sindinawaone kukhala ofunika, komabe ndinavomera kupita kwa pulofesa wina wodzacheza wa ku Tbilisi kudzandiyesa. Mawu anga sanamukhudze kwenikweni. Ndipo apa, taganizirani, mpira watenganso gawo lalikulu! Panthawi imeneyo, Meskhi, Metreveli, Barkaya anali akuwala kale ku Dynamo, ndipo kunali kosatheka kupeza tikiti yopita ku stadium. Kotero, poyamba, ndinakhala wogulitsa matikiti kwa pulofesa: adabwera kudzawatenga ku Dynamo base ku Digomi. Poyamikira, pulofesayo anandiitanira kunyumba kwake, ndipo tinayamba kuphunzira. Ndipo mwadzidzidzi amandiuza kuti m'maphunziro ochepa chabe ndapita patsogolo kwambiri ndipo ndili ndi tsogolo labwino!

Koma ngakhale pamenepo, chiyembekezocho chinandichititsa kuseka. Ndinaganizira mozama za kuyimba nditathamangitsidwa ku Dynamo. Pulofesayo anandimvetsera n’kunena kuti: “Chabwino, lekani kudzidetsa m’matope, tiyeni tichite ntchito yoyera.” Ndipo patatha chaka chimodzi, mu July 60, ndinateteza koyamba dipuloma yanga ku Mining Faculty ya Tbilisi Polytechnic Institute, ndipo patatha tsiku limodzi ndinali ndikulemba kale mayeso pasukulu yosungiramo zinthu zakale. Ndipo anavomerezedwa. Mwa njira, tinaphunzira pa nthawi yomweyo Nodar Akhalkatsi, amene ankakonda Institute of Railway Transport. Tinali ndi nkhondo zotere m'mipikisano ya mpira wamagulu osiyanasiyana kotero kuti bwalo lamasewera la owonera 25 linali litadzaza!

Sotkilava anabwera ku Tbilisi Conservatory ngati baritone, koma posakhalitsa Pulofesa D.Ya. Andguladze anakonza cholakwikacho, ndithudi, wophunzira watsopanoyo ali ndi nyimbo yochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Mu 1965, woimba wamng'onoyo adapanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu la Tbilisi monga Cavaradossi ku Tosca ya Puccini. Chipambanocho chinaposa zonse zomwe ankayembekezera. Zurab adachita ku Georgian State Opera ndi Ballet Theatre kuyambira 1965 mpaka 1974. Luso la woimba wodalirika kunyumba linkafunidwa kuti lithandizidwe ndikukula, ndipo mu 1966 Sotkilava anatumizidwa kuti akaphunzire ku malo otchuka a Milan La Scala.

Kumeneko adaphunzitsidwa ndi akatswiri apamwamba kwambiri a bel canto. Anagwira ntchito mosatopa, ndipo pambuyo pa zonse, mutu wake ukanazungulira pambuyo pa mawu a katswiri wamaphunziro Genarro Barra, amene kenaka analemba kuti: “Liwu laling’ono la Zurab linandikumbutsa za nthaŵi zakale.” Zinali za nthawi za E. Caruso, B. Gigli ndi amatsenga ena a zochitika za ku Italy.

Ku Italy, woimbayo bwino kwa zaka ziwiri, kenako anatenga gawo mu chikondwerero cha oimba achinyamata "Golden Orpheus". Ntchito yake inali yopambana: Sotkilava anapambana mphoto yaikulu ya chikondwerero cha Chibugariya. Zaka ziwiri pambuyo pake - kupambana kwatsopano, nthawi ino pa mpikisano wofunika kwambiri wapadziko lonse - wotchedwa PI Tchaikovsky ku Moscow: Sotkilava adapatsidwa mphoto yachiwiri.

Pambuyo pa chigonjetso chatsopano, mu 1970, - Mphoto Yoyamba ndi Grand Prix pa F. Viñas International Vocal Competition ku Barcelona - David Andguladze anati: "Zurab Sotkilava ndi woimba waluso, woimba kwambiri, mawu ake, a timbre wokongola kwambiri, amachita. osasiya omvera kukhala opanda chidwi. Woyimbayo amalankhula momveka bwino komanso momveka bwino momwe ntchito zogwiritsidwira ntchito zimakhalira, zimawulula cholinga cha wolembayo. Ndipo chochititsa chidwi kwambiri cha khalidwe lake ndi khama, chikhumbo chofuna kumvetsetsa zinsinsi zonse za luso. Amaphunzira tsiku lililonse, timakhala ndi “ndandanda yamaphunziro” yofanana ndi ya zaka zake za ophunzira.

Pa December 30, 1973, Sotkilava anapanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu lake pa siteji ya Bolshoi Theatre monga Jose.

“Poyamba,” iye akukumbukira motero, “zingawonekere kuti ndinazoloŵerana ndi Moscow mwamsanga ndipo ndinaloŵa mosavuta m’timu ya Opera ya Bolshoi. Koma sichoncho. Poyamba zinali zovuta kwa ine, ndipo ndikuthokoza kwambiri anthu omwe anali pafupi nane panthawiyo. Ndipo Sotkilava amatchula wotsogolera G. Pankov, concertmaster L. Mogilevskaya ndipo, ndithudi, abwenzi ake mumasewero.

Kuyamba kwa Verdi's Otello ku Bolshoi Theatre kunali chochitika chodabwitsa, ndipo Otello ya Sotkilava inali vumbulutso.

"Kugwira ntchito pa gawo la Othello," adatero Sotkilava, "kunanditsegulira masomphenya atsopano, kunandikakamiza kuti ndiganizirenso zambiri zomwe zidachitidwa, ndinabereka njira zina zopangira. Udindo wa Othello ndi pachimake chomwe munthu amatha kuwona bwino, ngakhale ndizovuta kuti afike. Tsopano, pamene palibe kuya kwaumunthu, kusokonezeka kwamaganizo mu izi kapena chithunzicho choperekedwa ndi chiwerengero, sizosangalatsa kwa ine. Kodi chisangalalo cha wojambula ndi chiyani? Dziwonongeni nokha, misempha yanu, wonongani ndikung'amba, osaganizira za ntchito yotsatira. Koma ntchito iyenera kukupangitsani kufuna kudziwononga nokha, chifukwa cha izi muyenera ntchito zazikulu zomwe ndi zosangalatsa kuzithetsa ... "

Kupambana kwina kwa wojambulayo kunali gawo la Turiddu mu Mascagni's Rural Honor. Choyamba pa siteji ya konsati, ndiye pa Bolshoi Theatre, Sotkilava akwaniritsa mphamvu yophiphiritsa mophiphiritsa. Pothirira ndemanga pa ntchito imeneyi, woimbayo anatsindika kuti: “Country Honor ndi sewero la verist, opera yamphamvu kwambiri. N'zotheka kufotokoza izi mumasewero a konsati, zomwe, ndithudi, siziyenera kuchepetsedwa kukhala nyimbo zosamveka kuchokera m'buku lokhala ndi nyimbo. Chinthu chachikulu ndikusamalira kupeza ufulu wamkati, womwe ndi wofunikira kwambiri kwa wojambula pa siteji ya opera komanso pa siteji ya konsati. Mu nyimbo za Mascagni, m'magulu ake a opera, pali kubwerezabwereza kwa mawu omwewo. Ndipo apa ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti woimbayo azikumbukira kuopsa kwa monotony. Kubwereza, mwachitsanzo, liwu limodzi ndi lomwelo, muyenera kupeza undercurrent wa ganizo nyimbo, mitundu, shading matanthauzo osiyanasiyana semantic a mawu awa. Palibe chifukwa chodzipangira nokha ndipo sizidziwika kuti mumasewera. Kuzama kwachisoni kwachilakolako ku Rural Honor kuyenera kukhala koyera komanso kowona mtima. "

Mphamvu ya luso la Zurab Sotkilava ndikuti nthawi zonse imabweretsa anthu chiyero chowona mtima. Ichi ndi chinsinsi cha kupambana kwake kupitiriza. Maulendo akunja a woimbayo analinso chimodzimodzi.

"Imodzi mwamawu okongola kwambiri omwe alipo kulikonse masiku ano." Umu ndi momwe wowunikirayo adayankhira ntchito ya Zurab Sotkilava ku Champs-Elysées Theatre ku Paris. Ichi chinali chiyambi cha ulendo wakunja wodabwitsa Soviet woimba. Kutsatira "kugwedezeka kwa kutulukira" kutsatiridwa ndi zipambano zatsopano - kupambana kwabwino ku United States kenako ku Italy, ku Milan. Malingaliro a osindikizira a ku America analinso okondwa: "Mawu akulu omveka bwino komanso okongola m'mabuku onse. Luso la Sotkilava limachokera pamtima. "

Ulendo wa 1978 udapangitsa woimbayo kukhala wotchuka padziko lonse lapansi - zoyitanidwa zambiri kuti achite nawo zisudzo, makonsati, ndi zojambulira zidatsatiridwa ...

Mu 1979, luso lake luso anali kupereka mphoto yaikulu - mutu wa Chithunzi Anthu a USSR.

"Zurab Sotkilava ndi mwiniwake wa kukongola kosawerengeka, kowala, sonorous, ndi zolemba zapamwamba zapamwamba komanso zolembera zolimba zapakati," akulemba S. Savanko. “Mawu otere ndi osowa. Deta yabwino kwambiri yachilengedwe idapangidwa ndikulimbikitsidwa ndi sukulu yaukadaulo, yomwe woimbayo adadutsa kwawo komanso ku Milan. Kalembedwe ka Sotkilava kamakhala ndi zizindikiro za bel canto ya ku Italy, zomwe zimamveka makamaka muzochitika za opera za woimbayo. Pachimake pa siteji yake ndi nyimbo komanso zochititsa chidwi: Othello, Radamès (Aida), Manrico (Il trovatore), Richard (Un ballo mu maschera), José (Carmen), Cavaradossi (Tosca). Amayimbanso Vaudemont mu Tchaikovsky's Iolanthe, komanso mu zisudzo zaku Georgia - Abesalom mu Tbilisi Opera Theatre ya Abesalom ndi Eteri ndi Z. Paliashvili ndi Arzakan mu O. Taktakishvili's The Abduction of the Moon. Sotkilava amamva momveka bwino za gawo lililonse, sizodabwitsa kuti kukula kwa stylistic komwe kumakhala mu luso la woimbayo kunadziwika mu mayankho ovuta.

E. Dorozhkin anati: "Sotkilava ndi katswiri wokonda kwambiri zisudzo za ku Italy. - Onse G. - mwachiwonekere ake: Giuseppe Verdi, Giacomo Puccini. Komabe, pali chinthu chimodzi chofunikira "koma". Pazigawo zonse zofunika kuti chifaniziro cha womanizer, Sotkilava ali mokwanira, monga pulezidenti wachangu Russian moyenerera ananena mu uthenga wake kwa ngwazi ya tsiku, kokha "mawu modabwitsa wokongola" ndi "luso lachilengedwe." Kuti musangalale ndi chikondi chomwecho cha anthu monga Andzoletto wa Georgesand (ndiko, chikondi chamtunduwu chikuzungulira woimbayo tsopano), makhalidwe amenewa sali okwanira. Wochenjera Sotkilava, komabe, sanafune kupeza ena. Iye sanatenge ndi chiwerengero, koma mwa luso. Ponyalanyaza konse kuwala kotsutsa kunong'ona kwa holoyo, adayimba Manrico, Duke ndi Radamès. Izi, mwina, ndi chinthu chokhacho chomwe anali nacho ndipo amakhalabe wa Chijojiya - kuti achite ntchito yake, zivute zitani, osati kwachiwiri kukayikira zoyenerera zake.

Bastion yotsiriza yomwe Sotkilava anatenga inali Mussorgsky a Boris Godunov. Sotkilava adayimba wonyenga - wa Chirasha kwambiri mwa anthu onse a ku Russia mu opera ya ku Russia - m'njira yomwe oimba a buluu a maso a buluu, omwe amatsatira mwamphamvu zomwe zikuchitika kuchokera kumbuyo kwafumbi, sanalotepo kuyimba. Mtheradi wa Timoshka unatuluka - ndipo kwenikweni, Grishka Otrepyev anali Timoshka.

Sotkilava ndi munthu wamba. Ndipo zadziko m'lingaliro labwino kwambiri la liwu. Mosiyana ndi anzake ambiri mu msonkhano waluso, woimbayo amalemekeza kukhalapo osati zochitika zokha zomwe zimatsatiridwa ndi tebulo la buffet lambiri, komanso zomwe zimapangidwira odziwa bwino kukongola. Sotkilava amapeza ndalama pa mtsuko wa azitona ndi anchovies mwiniwake. Ndipo mkazi wa woimbayo amaphikanso modabwitsa.

Sotkilava amachita, ngakhale nthawi zambiri, pa siteji ya konsati. Apa repertoire yake imakhala makamaka ndi nyimbo zaku Russia ndi Italy. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, woimbayo amakonda kuyang'ana kwambiri nyimbo za chipinda, pa nyimbo zachikondi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatembenukira ku zisudzo za nyimbo za opera, zomwe ndizofala kwambiri m'mapulogalamu oimba. Kupumula kwa pulasitiki, kuphulika kwa mayankho odabwitsa kumaphatikizidwa mu kutanthauzira kwa Sotkilava ndi chiyanjano chapadera, kutentha kwa nyimbo ndi kufewa, zomwe zimakhala zochepa mwa woimba ndi mawu aakulu kwambiri.

Kuyambira 1987, Sotkilava wakhala akuphunzitsa kuimba payekha ku Moscow State PI Tchaikovsky.

PS Zurab Sotkilava anamwalira ku Moscow pa September 18, 2017.